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Quantitative Methodology. Quantitative research concentrates on the measuring a certain part of an concern or issue (Tavallae,M. & Abu Talib, M., 2010). Quantitative is a numerical description that measures things as they are. It has objective stances, logic, and numbers focusing on unchanging data and details (Babbie, E.R., 2010). For example, a quantitative method would ask how many people are participating in a program, what are the characteristics of people in a program, and how do the people in the program perform (Leedy, P. & Ormrod, J., 2009). Using a quantitative research method has several advantages for testing the hypothesis. The aim of quantitative research is to classify features, count the features, and construct statistical models to explain what was observed (McNabb, D.E., 2008).
Typically, quantitative methodologies uses already tested and validated theories about how and why an event occurs. The most important reason to use a quantitative method is that it has more credibility. It has more credibility to be implemented in natural settings or non-clinical settings by organizational leaders, administrators, public servants, and individuals or institutes who fund programs. It provides precise and numerical data. In
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The goal of research is to create action leading to implementation or further research. The other goal of research is to inform or expand on a previous idea or concept. By using the methodology of formal research, collecting information and evaluating current trends in data can aid in creating programs, or a plan to resolve a problem, or provide an answer. Research can take an existing theory and either target a specific issues or reimagine the entire concept in order to expand upon it. Conducting a research project can result in the creation of a new theory that informs the academic community and the public of new information for application or review. Research can generate interest in past or current
Research can be quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is objective and involves measuring the phenomena under investigation. Qualitative research is subjective, explores experiences and feelings, and involves the recording of phenomena that cannot easily be quantified (Toates, 2010, pp. 5-6). Both are empirical since they involve data collection (OU, n.d.).
The research question is the first and foremost initial step in the research process, because it defines the expected outcomes and drives the project design. So it should be clear and concise once the research question is formulated, the next is defining the terms and concepts used in the research process. A literature review is needed to clarify issues, gives an understanding to the researcher how others have formulated similar research questions and defines concepts.
The development of knowledge requires a number of processes in order to establish credible data to ensure the validity and appropriateness of how it can be used in the future. For the healthcare industry, this has provided the ability to create and form new types of interventions in order to give adequate care across a of number of fields within the system. Research then, has been an essential part in providing definitive data, either by disproving previous beliefs or confirming newly found data and methods. Moreover, research in itself contains its own process with a methodological approach. Of the notable methods, quantitative research is often used for its systemic approach (Polit & Beck, 2006). Thus, the use of the scientific method is used, which also utilizes the use of numerical data (Polit & Beck). Here, researches make use of creating surveys, scales, or placing a numerical value on it subjects (Polit & Beck). In the end the resulting data is neutral and statistical. However, like all things its approach is not perfect, yet, it has the ability to yield valuable data.
According to Smith (1983) quantitative research is to explain, predict and develop laws that can be universally applied and Qualitative research is the interpretation and understanding of what people give to their situation. The researchers clearly stated the purpose of their studies, aim, objectiv...
The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies...
Research involves developing a theory, analysis and evaluation to provide a conclusion based on
On the other hand, Quantitative research refers to “variance theory” where quantity describes the research in terms of statistical relationships between different variables (Maxwell, 2013). Quantitative research answers the questions “how much” or “how many?” Quantitative research is an objective, deductive process and is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables with generalized results from a larger sample population. Much more structured than qualitative research, quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys, personal interviews and telephone interviews, polls, and systematic observations. Methods can be considered “cookie cutter” with a predetermined starting point and a fixed sequence of
This essay is going to critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using surveys and questionnaires as a method of Socio-Legal research. When conducting socio-legal research, a number of methods can be used to collect useful information.
Plans and procedures for research that span decisions from broad assumptions to detailed methods of analysis and data collection are called research designs. In the event of studying a topic and completing research, one must decide upon a research design, which may also be called a research method or methodology. The three designs tha...
Quantitative research uses a deductive reasoning also known as top to bottom or (top down approach) starting with a theory, then the hypothesis, followed by observation and finally confirmation , going from the general to the more specific. Quantitative methods use numbers and statistics to show the results of the research exercise and mainly are concerned with mathematics and statistics. In quantitative research there are levels of measurement being firstly nominal which are names of things followed by ordinal sequence of things, interval where the sequence has equal distance between each item, and ratio where there is a true zero (Alston & Bowles, 2003, p. 7-9).
We believe it is clear that both qualitative and quantitative research have many benefits and many costs. In some situations the qualitative approach will be more appropriate; in other situations the quantitative approach will be more appropriate.
Quantitative is numerical or statistical data which often comes from surveys, surveillance or administration records. Quantitative evidence provides a good overall picture of a population or geographical region. It can often be used to measure trends over time. It describes who, what, where and when. Quantitative has four main designs, Descriptive, Correlational, Experimental and Quasi-experimental. Descriptive is the characteristics of individuals, situations or groups and the frequency which with certain phenomena occur using statistics to summarise and describe data. Correlational, interrelationship amongst variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher. Experimental is systematic and objective, investigator controls the independent variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions (Ingham-Broomfield, n.d.).
Traditional research may use quantitative or qualitative research method. According to Hendricks (2009), quantitative research is a general conclusion based on hard data. Hen-dricks describe quantitativ...
Research is an attempt to know new things, facts, information etc. in a scientific manner. L.V Redman and A.V .H Mory have stated “systematised effort to gain knowledge we call re-search.” The main function of research is to collect new facts, information etc and to establish new theories on the basis of these facts.
After establishing the research problem and what results are wanted, it will define how it will find the answers. Research is a form of collection and interpretation of information that will form the basis of finding answers to questions. The research uses theories and methods that h...