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Women's rights essay introduction
The Role Of Women In Patriarchy
Women's rights essay introduction
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Patriarchy has been the control center of many societies and has set a burden on women that are forced to feel its wrath. There have been times when people have tried to stop this dilemma, but it still remained to stick within societal values. In the novel The Penelopiad, author Margaret Atwood sets her narrative in the Greek Underworld. Penelope, with the help of the maids, emphasize how patriarchal their time period was. They also use their side of the story to inform the reader of the many challenges they faced in a community controlled by men. Along with that, Penelope and the maids educate the reader on how vulnerable women can be in a patriarchal state. Penelope and the maids use both their testimonies to speak on how corrupt a patriarchy …show more content…
can be in the eyes of different kinds of women. The Penelopiad points out that the patriarchy negatively affects women by leaving them with little voice and choice, using tools like perspective to present different sides of the story. Atwood uses the point of views of both Penelope and the maids to display that women rarely have a word in any circumstance leaving them to be bound to the orders of men.
The maids give off a bitter tone when describing their disappointment toward Telemachus. They tell of all the things they have done for him when they say, “We brought the water for you to wash your hands, we washed your feet, … we turned down your cosy bed. You strung us up, you left us dangling like clothes on a line” (Atwood 191). The maids emphasize that men dominate no matter what the circumstance is. When they explain the many things that did for him in the past, and then the betrayal they face from him, it represents a shortage of trust from Telemachus’ side of the rope. The maids also tell of the carelessness Telemachus has for them when they say he left them “dangling like clothes on a line”. Telemachus did not see the maids as nothing more than objects, so he definitely treated them like they were. Meanwhile, all of this contradicts with Penelope’s viewpoint because she was not able to care for Telemachus at all, but was still forsaken by him when he forces her to leave. He does this so she will not be able to interfere with the fate of the maids. Even in opposite situations, the same results occur. This demonstrates that a patriarchy treats all women alike, leaving the women to be neglected and often turned down by men. This example also reveals that no matter your place in society, men are always going to be the dominating
gender. Many times in The Penelopiad, the patriarchy that exists in the book is very present in the eyes of the reader. Atwood certainly points out that men are in control in the novel. An example of this is when Penelope has no say in the hanging of the maids. Before the hanging off the maids. all of the women were sent away, including Penelope. After hearing about the tragic news, Penelope came to a conclusion and said, “I slept through the mayhem … I suspect Eurycleia put something in the drink … to stop me from interfering” (Atwood 157). In many societies ruled by the patriarchy, the women who are not badly affected by patriarchal values will often side the men. In this case, Eurycleia restricts Penelope from hindering Telemachus and Odysseus’ plan. Penelope has no choosing or knowledge of the ultimate fate the maids were going to face, which evidently created a lack of right of speech on her part. In turn, the maids also had no choosing of what was to happen to them either. When telling their tale, they mentioned how “we had no voice, we had no name, we had no choice” (Atwood 195). They were hanged out of ignorance. Telemachus did not even give them a chance to explain themselves, or even have the ignorance to know their names. At the time, the maids were not able to speak of their pain they went through, or how they were raped and not persuaded to sleep with guests. In short, they maids were silenced by the negativity their patriarchal society put upon them. This left them with no choice, and ultimately, an unprecedented death. Frequently, not only do women not have the choice to voice their opinion, but they also sometimes choose on their own to not say what they need to because they know of the repercussion they will face if they do. At no time do the maids build the strength to voice their thoughts, or even have the opportunity to. The maids do not choose to sleep with guests; they are forced to. This shows that women sometimes do not even have control over their own bodies. When telling of their beaten down childhood they described how “If our owners … or a visiting nobleman … wanted to sleep with us, we could not refuse … it did us no good to say we were in pain” (Atwood 14). The maids were restricted, which causes a decline of their rights. Their voices were unheard or shushed and their opinion held no power or authority. Even if someone were to hear their cries of help, nothing would change because no one would come to their rescue. This is also the same circumstance for the Penelope when she is forced to choose someone to marry at such a young age. When speaking of this situation almost bitterly, she speaks on how her “... marriage was arranged. That’s the way things were done then” (Atwood 23). She was not able to refuse this arrangement because the patriarchy not only expects her to go along with it, but declares that she must do it, in order to be a “real women”. In both sides of the story, Penelope and the maids face two very different problems, yet have very similar confinements. In The Penelopiad, the patriarchal values affect the women, especially Penelope and the maids in an opposing way because they have to follow the rules of the man, leaving them with little options. As a way to achieve this overall concept, Atwood brings into play different point of views to tell readers that no matter who you are, being a woman in a patriarchal society is like being an apple in an apple basket, with one banana in the middle. Even though women are usually the majority, men somehow are able to force women to conform to their rules. Also, the way she uses different perspectives of people in different ranks and classes (Penelope and the maids), shows how not only a certain group of women struggle in a patriarchy. Along with that, it also shows that male domination thrives throughout all social classes of society, despite the majority that females hold. Overall, cultures revolved around men, leave women around the world chained to how society wants and expects women to be like.
In the 1930s, who would have perpetrated violent acts against women in the name of sexual gratification yet still hold expectations that women take care of them? By making men in general the placeholder for “you” in the poem, it creates a much stronger and universal statement about the sexual inequality women face. She relates to women who have had “a god for [a] guest” yet it seems ironic because she is criticising the way these women have been treated (10). It could be argued, instead, that it is not that she sees men as gods, but that it is the way they see themselves. Zeus was a god who ruled Olympus and felt entitled to any woman he wanted, immortal or otherwise.
This narrator and opinionator, is Merricat, whose views on men and the symbol that they represent is disrupt, and women should play as big or even bigger of a role in society. There are many instances where Merricat enjoys taunting the men such as Charles, “Amanita Pantherina,’ I said highly poisonous. … The Cicuta maculate is the water hemlock, one of the most poisonous of wild plants if taken internally.” (131) This is the representation of a phallic symbol, that she wants to be in possession of, to yield it against her enemy; Charles. Women power and to stand up against the ‘intolerable’ men according to Merricat in this text is celebrated. Men on the other hand are meant to be put in their place and be controlled for once, not be the controller, as it says “I could turn him [Charles] into a fly and drop him into a spider’s web and watch him tangled and helpless and struggling, shut into the body of a dying buzzing fly.”(129) This book represents the values of women; the opposite of men’s ideals and what they stand for as a
Some women are known for the deeds of their sons or husbands, but never for a heroic deed of their own, their personalities, and what they do themselves. It seems the only accomplishment women could achieve was being beautiful. Theseus "had no joy of"(195) the princess Ariadne because she died before this was possible. Homer makes it sound as if Ariadne's life was useless because she did not give Theseus pleasure. The only woman we hear of for a different reason is Klymene, and we only hear of her because she "betrayed her lord for gold."(195) This is the only time we hear of a woman for something she did, and once we do, it is a negative remark. Penelope, Odysseus' queen, is paid attention to only because of her position. Because she has a kingdom, she has suitors crowding around her day and night. Being a woman, Penelope has no control over what the suitors do and cannot get rid of them. The suitors want her wealth and her kingdom. They do not respect her enough to stop feeding on Odysseus' wealth; they feel she owes them something because she won't marry one of them. One of the suitors, Antinoos, tells Telemakhos "...but you should know the suitors are not to blame- it is your own incomparably cunning mother."(21) Even Telemakhos doesn't respect his mother as he should. When the song of a minstrel makes her sad and Penelope requests him to stop playing, Telemakhos interrupts and says to her, "Mother, why do you grudge our own dear minstrel joy of song, wherever his thought may lead.
The book then talks about viewpoints of women, both real and those who face tragedy. Women during this time were very secluded and silent, but the heroines contradicted that. This chapter talks about the images of women in the classical literature in Athens, and the role they had in society. Many tragedies were ones that formed by mythes during the Bronze Age. It showed the separation in what made women heroic, rather than average. While viewing other Scholarly sourcese, Pomerory writes her own theory, she used others
Over the course of time, the roles of men and women have changed dramatically. As women have increasingly gained more social recognition, they have also earned more significant roles in society. This change is clearly reflected in many works of literature, one of the most representative of which is Plautus's 191 B.C. drama Pseudolus, in which we meet the prostitute Phoenicium. Although the motivation behind nearly every action in the play, she is glimpsed only briefly, never speaks directly, and earns little respect from the male characters surrounding her, a situation that roughly parallels a woman's role in Roman society of that period. Women of the time, in other words, were to be seen and not heard. Their sole purpose was to please or to benefit men. As time passed, though, women earned more responsibility, allowing them to become stronger and hold more influence. The women who inspired Lope de Vega's early seventeenth-century drama Fuente Ovejuna, for instance, rose up against not only the male officials of their tiny village, but the cruel (male) dictator busy oppressing so much of Spain as a whole. The roles women play in literature have evolved correspondingly, and, by comparing The Epic of Gilgamesh, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and The Wife of Bath's Prologue, we can see that fictional women have just as increasingly as their real-word counterparts used gender differences as weapons against men.
Yet, despite the fact that no two women in this epic are alike, each—through her vices or virtues—helps to delineate the role of the ideal woman. Below, we will show the importance of Circe, Calypso, Nausicaa, Clytaemestra, and Penelope in terms of the movement of the narrative and in defining social roles for the Ancient Greeks. Before we delve into the traits of individual characters, it is important to understand certain assumptions about women that prevailed in the Homeric Age. By modern standards, the Ancient Greeks would be considered a rabidly misogynistic culture. Indeed, the notoriously sour Boetian playwright Hesiod-- who wrote about fifty years before Homer-- proclaimed "Zeus who thunders on high made women to be evil to mortal men, with a nature to do evil (Theogony 600).
In The Bacchae, I believe that Euripides uses the relationship of male and female to explore the alluring concept of feminine empowerment in a patriarchal society and to demonstrate the cost this empowerment subsequently has on ordered civilization. In this paper, I will argue that Euripides uses the conflictual relation between the genders to criticize the role of women in Greek society while also showing the consequences of a total feminine revolt. Through developing this conflict, Euripides is demonstrating how the path to the most successful civilization is through a balance of masculine rationality and feminine emotional freedom. I will prove this by analyzing the positions of Pentheus, the Bacchants, and Dionysus throughout the play. The character Pentheus
The two societies found in The Yellow Wallpaper and Othello are both patriarchal in nature; the stories themselves take up the issue of women’s oppression in each society. Patriarchy “is defined as the source of women’s oppression and gender inequalities in which men, as a group, dominate women as another group” (Johnson as cited in Ravari 155 ). Male superiority is demonstrated in the two texts in the way female characters serve and obey their husbands, and how the male characters patronize and cause detriment towards the female characters. Although there are similarities in the effects and consequences the women feel, the differences in culture, era and location of the two stories causes a discrepancy in the experiences of the women from
Due to traditional stereotypes of women, literature around the world is heavily male-dominant, with few female characters outside of cliché tropes. Whenever a female character is introduced, however, the assumption is that she will be a strong lead that challenges the patriarchal values. The authors of The Thousand and One Nights and Medea use their female centered stories to prove their contrasting beliefs on the role of women not only in literature, but also in society. A story with a female main character can be seen as empowering, but this is not always the case, as seen when comparing and contrasting Medea and The Thousand and One Nights.
Women play an influential role in The Odyssey. Women appear throughout the story, as goddesses, wives, princesses, or servants. The women in “The Odyssey” dictate the direction of the epic. Homer the blind creator may have contrived the story with the aim to depict a story of a male heroism; but the story if looked at from a different angles shows the power women have over men. The Sirens and women that posses the power of seduction when ever they are encountered take the men off their course, and lead many to their death. The power women in the Epic pose can be seen from the goddess all to the wives. From The nymph Calypso who enslaves Odysseus for many years posses all the way back to Penelope who many argue is of equal importance to
This essay explores the role of women in Homer's Odyssey, James Joyce's Ulysses (1922) and Derrick Walcott's Omeros (1990), epics written in very different historical periods. Common to all three epics are women as the transforming figure in a man's life, both in the capacity of a harlot and as wife.
Greek women, as depicted in their history and literature, endure many hardships and struggle to establish a meaningful status in their society. In the Odyssey, Penelope’s only role in the epic is to support Odysseus and remain loyal to him. She is at home and struggles to keep her family intact while Odysseus is away trying to return to his native land. The cultural role of women is depicted as being supportive of men and nothing more. Yet what women in ancient Greece did long ago was far more impressive than what men did.
The first major female character introduced in this epic is Penelope. Penelope is the wife of Odysseus, and the mother of Telemachus. She is portrayed as a strong-willed widow, who even after not seeing Odysseus for twenty years, keeps her trust in her husband to return home. The main tool is the rule of law, but even before laws customs could be used” (rwaag.org).
Women’s lives are represented by the roles they either choose or have imposed on them. This is evident in the play Medea by Euripides through the characters of Medea and the nurse. During the time period which Medea is set women have very limited social power and no political power at all, although a women’s maternal and domestic power was respected in the privacy of the home, “Our lives depend on how his lordship feels”. The limited power these women were given is different to modern society yet roles are still imposed on women to conform and be a dutiful wife.
Women were often subjects of intense focus in ancient literary works. In Sarah Pomeroy’s introduction of her text Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves, she writes, “Women pervade nearly every genre of classical literature, yet often the bias of the author distorts the information” (x). It is evident in literature that the social roles of women were more restricted than the roles of men. And since the majority of early literature was written by men, misogyny tends to taint much of it. The female characters are usually given negative traits of deception, temptation, selfishness, and seduction. Women were controlled, contained, and exploited. In early literature, women are seen as objects of possession, forces deadly to men, cunning, passive, shameful, and often less honorable than men. Literature reflects the societal beliefs and attitudes of an era and the consistency of these beliefs and attitudes toward women and the roles women play has endured through the centuries in literature. Women begin at a disadvantage according to these societal definitions. In a world run by competing men, women were viewed as property—prizes of contests, booty of battle and the more power men had over these possessions the more prestigious the man. When reading ancient literature one finds that women are often not only prizes, but they were responsible for luring or seducing men into damnation by using their feminine traits.