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How does racism impact the justice system essay
Racism in the american justice system
Racism in the american justice system
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According to the National Registry of Exonerations, innocent black people are seven times more likely to be convicted of murder, 3.5 more times likely to be convicted of sexual assault, and twelve times more like to be convicted of drug crimes than innocent white people. Racial profiling has been a problem in America since the beginning of time. In the 1930s, laws like Jim Crow laws were predominant in America and made justice for minority groups like Mexicans and African Americans not very common. Harper Lee, a distinguished author, shows this idea in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird; by using irony and conflict, Lee shows that racial bias prevents justice.
Lee’s use of conflicts illustrates the concept that racism affects justice in a court of law. Mayella Ewell accused, Tom Robinson, a twenty-five year old black male of
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The citizens of Maycomb describe Mayella’s family as “the disgrace of Maycomb” and “absolute trash”. During the trial Tom Robinson’s lawyer, Atticus Finch, gives great evidence that Tom did not commit this crime: “Mayella Ewell was beaten savagely by someone who led almost exclusively with his left. Tom Robinson now sits before you, having taken the oath with the only good hand he possesses—his right hand.” Atticus’s lines from his closing argument established that Tom Robinson could not have committed this crime because his left hand is crippled and since he cannot operate his left hand, he could not have been the one to violently beat Mayella Ewell. With all this compelling evidence and strong testimonies, the jury still decided that Tom Robinson was guilty of raping Mayella. Atticus Finch explained the reason that Tom was convicted even though he was innocent: “In our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s, the white man always wins. They’re ugly, but those are the facts of life.” The Ewells are considered white trash to the residents of
...uth to fully understand that it is typical to act superior to those with colored skin. All Dill sees is a man being rude to another, just because of his skin color. While Atticus clearly shows everyone in the court that it was almost impossible for Tom Robinson to have beat Mayella, he still loses the case just because he was a black man against a white woman. Lee includes, “Tom was a dead man the minute Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed.” (Lee 323) This enforces how it didn’t matter what Tom was really doing or why Mayella was screaming, but just by the way Tom looked they were able to essentially pin the rape and the beatings on Tom. Of course this was not true and he did not receive the justice he deserved, but that didn’t matter to Maycomb. All that mattered was the color of his skin and what the teenage white girl named Mayella Ewell said about him.
In the novel, ‘To Kill A Mockingbird’ by Harper Lee some characters suffer in the hands of justice and fairness more than others. Many characters in the novel are discriminated against such as Calpurnia, Dolphus Raymond, Helen Robinson, Burris Ewell and more. However I will be focusing on the discrimination against Tom Robinson for his race, Walter Cunningham for his low socioeconomic status and Boo Radley for the rumors and supposed mental instability he holds. I chose those three because they are the most prominent and I will discuss how the discrimination against the characters therefore leads to their injustice or unfairness.
The historical Scottsboro Trial and the fictional trial of Tom Robinson in the book To Kill a Mockingbird have striking similarities that may or may not be coincidence. Both trials took place in Alabama during the same era of relentless prejudice and bias, which is a major factor in each of these cases. In both cases, the accusers were white women and the persecutors were black men; therefore the black men were immediately considered liars and “wrongdoers”, unlike the word of the white women, which was essentially the truth above the word of someone who was black. Even when the persecutors in these cases had a possible chance of being declared innocent, mobs of citizens formed to threaten them, many of whom were simply racist against blacks. As is evident in these trials, most white people could easily accuse a black person of a crime whether they committed it or not and unjustly get away with it.
One of the storylines in the novel is the Robinson-Ewell trial. Tom Robinson is an innocent African-American, accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a lower-class white girl. At the trial hearing, everyone is able to tell his or her side of the story before Tom is allowed to speak. All stories, however, offer two different versions of Tom and Mayella’s relationship. Moreover, Mayella and Bob Ewell tell the jury what they expect to hear, about Tom being a monster. They explain that there was no reason for his actions against Mayella. According to them, along with the rest of Maycomb, it's just expected that a black man would rape any white woman if he had the opportunity. The Tom spoken of by the Ewells shows the stereotypes that justify whites to be superior to blacks. However, Tom tells the jury about his innocence. He pr...
One of the major events in Harper Lee’s award-winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is Tom Robinson’s trial. It is based on the Scottsboro Case that took place in 1931 in Alabama, in which several black men were accused of raping two white women. Both the Scottsboro Boys and Tom Robinson are unfairly judged, however, because of prejudice against colored people. The racial discrimination makes whites’ testimony more believable even when it contradicts itself. The same happens in To Kill a Mockingbird. As we delve deeper into the case and get increasingly closer to the truth, it is quite suprising to see that Mayella Ewell is the true villain rather than a victim. She shall and must bear full responsibility for her actions because she makes the decision to tempt Tom Robinson, gives false testimony in court that directly leads to Tom’s death, and has been well aware of the consequences of her behaviors.
There was no equality when it came to black vs white in the courtroom. Atticus says in his speech, “She has committed no crime, she has merely broken a rigid and time honored code of our society, a code so severe that whoever breaks it is hounded from our midst as unfit to live with.” Atticus tells the courtroom that he feels sorry for Mayella because in a moment of weakness she changed her life forever. He uses his own sympathy for her to get the people of Maycomb to understand why Mayella Ewell would bring Tom Robinson to court after he had done nothing to her.
In Harper Lee’s fictional novel To Kill A Mockingbird, an African American field hand is falsely accused of raping a white women. Set in the 1930’s in the small town of Monroeville Alabama, Addicus Finch an even handed white attorney tries to shed a light on the injustice of this innocent black man’s conviction. Atticus feels that the justice system should be color blind, and he defends Tom as an innocent man, not a man of color.
Even though these cases all take place in different decades and different periods of time, they all consist of the same problem. In every case, it seems that the race of the victim plays a key role in the decision of the trial. Over time, there have been small strides in eliminating racism completely. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus is doing what he believes is right, trying to save Tom Robinson from being wrongly convicted of a crime he did not commit. Atticus, when asked if he is a “nigger-lover,” answers with, “I certainly am.
In a desperate attempt to save his client, Tom Robinson, from death, Atticus Finch boldly declares, “To begin with, this case should never have come to trial. This case is as simple as black and white” (Lee 271). The gross amounts of lurid racial inequality in the early 20th century South is unfathomable to the everyday modern person. African-Americans received absolutely no equality anywhere, especially not in American court rooms. After reading accounts of the trials of nine young men accused of raping two white women, novelist Harper Lee took up her pen and wrote To Kill a Mockingbird, a blistering exposition of tragic inequalities suffered by African Americans told from the point of view of a young girl. Though there are a few trivial differences between the events of the Scottsboro trials and the trial of Tom Robinson portrayed in To Kill a Mockingbird, such as the accusers’ attitudes towards attention, the two cases share a superabundance of similarities. Among these are the preservation of idealist views regarding southern womanhood and excessive brutality utilized by police.
People are responsible for acting according to their conscience. The justice system was created in order to be our aid in making moral and ethical decisions, but when the Justice system fails, we should still be able to follow our conscience to make the right the decision. In Harper Lee’s novel “To Kill a Mockingbird,” one of the characters, Atticus Finch, helps not only characters in the book, but the readers, understand that the legal system does not always serve justice, in fact, the legal system only is as moral and just as the community it serves. In the town of Maycomb, just like many towns in the American south during the 1930s, racism as a personal feeling and racism as a cultural, legal, and economic institution are practically one
At the time that this story was taken place the Jim Crow Laws were restricting the rights of African Americans. There was no way Tom could have won this case because he was an African American male going a white male. “Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” (Doc D). Even Reverend Sykes, an African American knew that an all-white jury would never rule in favor of a black man. Mr. Gilmer, the Ewell’s lawyer, speaks hatefully to Tom. Dill, Scouts friend thinks that the way Mr. Gilmer is treating Tom wrong. “It was just him I couldn’t stand; Dill said … ‘that old Mr. Gilmer doin’ him thataway, talking so hateful to him… the way that man called him “boy’ all the time an” sneered at him…” (Doc C). Most people knew that the Ewells were lying, but it didn’t matter they still won because they were white. In race, Mayella because she was white was more powerful than
In Harper Lee’s fictional novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, the cruelty of racism due to Jim Crow laws in the south was shown in many examples such as the trial of Tom Robinson, the treatment of black citizens, and the separation of the races. By evaluating the impact of Jim Crow laws on black rights in America during the time period of the novel and present day, it is revealed that the influence of these laws largely remains the same, specifically when evaluating the interactions between people of authority and black citizens.
“There may be times when we are powerless to prevent injustice, but there must never be a time when we fail to protest” Ellie Wiesel. Readers may find the amount of injustice in Harper lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird a little shocking. This could be why it’s such a popular book. People like the suspense of knowing someone’s right, but still being found guilty for something they did not do. There are many times throughout the book when people are powerless to prevent injustice but they still protest it. This shows that even when people unjustly punish there should always be someone to protest it. The theme of injustice is a common one in harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, whether it be through racism, misinformation, or Arrogance.
Even though we are living in the 21st century, racism is one of the major factors affecting our communities; For example. in cases with no blacks in the jury pool, black defendants are convicted as 81% rate and white defendants at a 66% rate. On the other side, when the jury pool includes at least one black juror, conviction rates change as 71% for black defendants and 73% for white defendants. (Samuel R. Sommers, 2006). In the novel written by Harper Lee named To Kill a Mockingbird, it is realistic fictional stories about racism, and contains the story about Tom Robinson was unfairly defined guilty after the trial, despite his lawyer, Atticus presented a definite evidence in which Tom Robinson is innocent.
Another example of implicit bias racism deals with Tom Robinson. When the trial is overall judged, Tom is convicted based purely on the color of his skin. Sam Jordison of the guardian states, “but who choose to ignore it in order to achieve what they consider the "right" result, based on their personal morality,” (Jordison). He is saying how although many knew claiming Tom Robinson as guilty was not right, it seemed right due to the bias or racism. In the beginning of the novel, Scout sees how Atticus views the Ewell family as “the disgrace of Maycomb,” (Lee 30). However, the Ewells are a white family, so they hold a higher social status. Through the trial, it is seen that Mayella seduces Tom Robinson. Her father, Bob Ewell, observes in disgrace