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The problems of intonation in spoken English
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Intonation in Arabic English v/s British English Zainab Zafar Zil-e-Huma Gul Rukh Shoukat Qurat-ul-ain Tuba Shafiq Instructor: Ma’am Kokab Saba Department of English, International Islamic University Islamabad Intonation in Arabic English v/s British English Abstract: In this research paper, we are going to compare the intonation pattern in Arabic English AE v/s British English BE. We are conducting quantitative analysis. We are examinimg the realization of intonation in AE compared to BE by analyzing Arabic students speaking English. In speech, the pattern of pitch is closely related to the pattern of timing and loudness. We will also note the similarities and differences between …show more content…
The AE speaker was having the difficulty while pronouncing “veterinary nurse”. The Saudi English speaker was uttering this word comparatively with higher pitch than the British English speaker. Both the speakers were uttering the words “that area” with a sustained tone which is fading showing that something is to follow. “Duke Street Tower” the BE speaker utter these words with falling tone along with the stress which indicates emphasis. “Old Zoo” the AE speaker utter it in a higher pitch than BE speaker. BE speaker uttered the words in rising pitch which express emotions it does not rise as far as in AE like in “she was very happy”, “she felt stressed” and “more to her liking”. In the words “picked” and “checked” the AE speaker stressed on “ed” part of the word. The BE speaker uttered the word “before long” in sustained tone but AE speaker uttered it in a rising tone. The name of goose’s owner was uttered in a rising tone by both speakers because it is conveying important information. Similarly, the name comma, comma was pronounced in a rising tone. The qualities were also uttered with a rising pitch in order to inform. Both the speakers used rising tones to emphasize. The BE speaker mostly used falling tones at the end of sentence but at certain places the AE speaker disagreed with
This chapter focused mainly on misconceptions and attempting to clarify those misconceptions about accents. In the opinion of linguists, accent is a difficult word to define. This is due to the fact that language has variation therefore when it comes to a person having an accent or not, there is no true technical distinction because every person has different phonological aspects to their way of speaking. However, when forced to define this word, it is described as “a way of speaking” (Lippi-Green, 2012, p.44). Although Lippi- Green identified the difficulty linguists have in distinguishing between accent, dialect, and another language entirely, they were able to construct a loose way of distinguishing. Lippi- Green states that an accent can be determined by difference in phonological features alone, dialect can be determined by difference in syntax, lexicon, and semantics alone, and when all of these aspects are different from the original language it is considered another language entirely (Lippi-Green, 2012).
Session #1: The speech language pathologist (SLP) modeled and role-played different types of voice tone. According to Jed Baker (2003), when demonstrat...
Style has been an integral component in the field of linguistics. Linguistic style refers to a person’s speaking pattern, which can include different features such as pace, pitch, intonation, syntactic patterns, etc. Styles of speech is learned, and is often influenced by location, gender, ethnicity, and age. As different cultures and sub-cultures arise, linguistic variations occur and different sociolinguistic styles come into being. Each style can index social meanings such as group membership, personal attributes or beliefs.
New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 113-117. 160. The syllable of the syllable. Perterson, L.K., & Cullen, Cheryl. 2000. The.
Analyzing dialects can be difficult due to the fact that is it hard to transcribe the pronunciation of an individual dialect because English is not spelled the same way it is pronounced. Furthermore, one person’s interpretation of spelling a dialect might not match up with another’s, so the reader might not “hear” the dialect properly. Regardless, written versions of dialects are essential to discussing dialectical differences.
Working Paper No. -. 239. The syllable of the syllable. Vol.
The central costal Andhra dialect is perceived as the standard dialect. The striking difference in the standard dialect of coastal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalaseema dialect is the discourse style. The speech community of Rayalaseema dialect is more casual conversation like whereas the coastal Andhra dialect is formal in nature. Since there is an assimilation of Sanskrit words into Telugu, coastal Andhra dialect attempts to pronounce them in a more Sanskrit manner than the Ray...
Hence, the overall goal of this study is to investigate the Hasawi plosive phonemes and how they shape different allophones. This paper is divided into five main sections: the first section is an introduction of the topic including an overview of the dialect; the second section is a review of the literature which includes brief previous related studies; the methodology used for this study is described in the third section; the fourth section demonstrates the findings of this study; and finally the conclusion.
Bibliography GRADDOL, D., LEITH, D., and SWANN, J., (eds) (1996) English: history, diversity and change, Routledge in association with The Open University (course book) University College of London Phonetics department website (www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/queen2.htm) entered on 23/3/03
The focus of this study, written by Brady, Duewer, and King, was to examine nonnative speakers of English and how proficient a vowel-targeted intervention is. By using established articulation strategies combined with a visual feedback program, they were able to conduct a successful experiment. In order to test this, the experiment used a single-subject multiple-probe design. The experiment targeted three vowels and an additional untrained vowel as a control. Each vowel was presented in three words, two of which were monosyllabic and one that was multisyllabic. Before training began, the participant read the vowel assessment list three times. Two authors, who decided whether the vowel was accurate or inaccurate, judged the participant. The
These three groups were then asked to complete three different tasks. The first was to repeat and segment 20 different words (5 consonant-vowel-consonant, 5 CCVC, 5 CVCC, and 5 CCVCC) and two overall scores were administered to the participants. Both scores were out of a maximum of 20 points; the first score was based on giving 1 point for each correctly analyzed word, and the second score was based on giving 1 point for correctly analyzing medial vowels.
It is universally known that any writer is going to have difficulty when he tries to convey a thought in a new language. Sometimes it is difficult even between dialects in the same base language. The problems that occur to a person while writing in a second language due to language and cultural differences are termed contrastive rhetoric. Connor simply defines “contrastive rhetoric that maintains language and writing as cultural phenomena” (Connor 5). If two cultures vary greatly, then it would make sense that writers who try to cross that cultural and language barrier would have a more daunting task than normal. In the case of Arabic and English native speakers, there are numerous conventional differences in the two languages that make the rhetoric very contrastive when trying to write in a second language. Because the cultures are very distinct from one another and due to the vast structural differences within both the spoken and written discourse, writers will face specific challenges in trying to make themselves understood to natives of the opposite culture.
The fact that voice stress analysis relies on eye comparison is a big problem. Another problem involves the variation that occurs in the same speaker. It is reported that the uttering of the same sentence a hundred times in quick succession does not produce any two identical uttering. Some countries like the United Kingdom, however, prefer auditory analysis as opposed to the acoustic method. In auditory analysis, the speech samples are phonetically transcribed. This analysis is important as it allows the analysts to identify such features that are idiosyncratic like the speech impediments and the unusual realization of phonemes. Besides, the analysts might find the need to profile the social and regional identity of the speaker. Speech analysis nowadays accepts the mixed method as the most accurate and reliable. It can found its application in situat...
Consonants are described in accordance with three main parameters and any change in one of these parameters can result in a change of the sound and this leads to a change of the meaning of words. It is defined as the point where the airflow is obstructed and where a sound is produced (Ahmed, 2004: 17). The place of articulation (Makhraj) is defined as the point where the sound is produced (Al-Bisher, 2000: 180). There are many terms of the place of articulation as “MaKhraj”, initiator (Al-Mubda), the flow (Al-Majra) which is used by many classic Arab phoneticians. While the modern phoneticians use the terms” the place or point of articulation" and “the location of articulation” (Al- Joburi, 2004: 2-5).
Syllables can be stressed in words, and this can happen in many languages. When there is a stressed syllable it can be marked by an accent mark (`), and there can be multiple words that are stressed, but there is always one stressed vowel that is stronger the other stressed vowels. “Stress, pitch, and juncture work together to create intonation. Stress is the emphasis to certain syllables, pitch is the musicality of a spoken language, and juncture is a pause between words of sentences” (Phonology lecture, 2016). There are many syllables that carry stress, but not all of them have the same stress, and it is always a vowel. The primary stress is very difficult to figure out no matter where you are from because people speak different all over the world. In a sentence or phrase, there is usually one syllable that has more stress that any other syllable. The pitch can go up and down depending on how a sentence or phrase is said. Usually, when sentences are yes or no questions, the pitch ends by rising at the end. If it is a statement or is asking something other than yes or no, the pitch will end flat or fall.