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Sociological approaches to health and ill health
Social change philosophy
Sociological approaches to health and ill health
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It is common that throughout the course of our existence the very ideas and beliefs that make up our daily activities change. These changes occur in large part due to our experiences in everyday life, primarily those experiences involving interactions with other individuals and our increased knowledge through study. As events and daily interactions begin to challenge our preconceived notions, we begin to shift our way of thinking, thus altering our mission and philosophical outlook on life. Throughout these experiences, however, we mature and begin to realize the importance of adopting health behaviors which correspond with research-based factual evidence, as well as policies and laws. For this reason, I firmly believe the social change philosophy informs my way of thinking.
The philosophy that is most parallel with my personal views of health education is the social change philosophy. While examining the uses and goals of the five predominant health philosophies, I noticed a majority of their disciplines revolved around changing a patient or student’s behavior or outlook of a particular health action. Although these approaches of health enhancing behaviors may work in simplified or less addictive cases, I firmly believe that most individuals will not be able to or willing to stop a particular behavior unless social, economic, and political laws are enacted. For example, even with a continuous thread of factual information and content based solely on the health hazards of smoking, such as with the cognitive based philosophy, an individual may still find it difficult or nearly impossible to break their smoking habit. Furthermore, an individual who smokes may make personal goals or behavioral contracts for themselves in the hopes...
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...ies, but also the social environment and habits in which we involve ourselves in. The environment in which we live can be more influential than we are sometimes willing to admit, and it is these influential aspects of life that unintentionally cause a majority of health related issues.
I believe it is important for health educators to measure behavior change not only to measure the effects of a certain program, but also to determine whether the contributions of their efforts have achieved.
Works Cited
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When writing a short story or poem Edgar Allen Poe utilizes his own criteria. Most writers try to keep the tedious details that they have in the writing process from the public, but Poe is not afraid to reveal the criteria that he follows. There are six points in his criteria that are evident in his works.
Edgar Allen Poe uses irony and poetic justice all throughout “The Cask of the Amontillado”. The places where irony and poetic justice hold the most significance are the scenes where, Montresor speaks of the wronging done to him by Fortunato, where Montresor and fortunato speak of the coat of arms, and where at the very end when Montresor traps Fortunato in the catacombs and leaves him to die. These scenes clearly show the use of these two tools that Poe used to tell the story of Montresor and
Edgar Allan Poe is one of America’s most celebrated classical authors, known for his unique dealings within the horror genre. Poe was a master at utilizing literary devices such as point of view and setting to enhance the mood and plot of his stories leading to his widespread appeal that remains intact to this day. His mastery of aforementioned devices is evident in two of his shorter works “The Black Cat” and “The Cask of Amontillado”.
In so doing it has created awareness and led to a discussion about the implications of social inequalities on health outcomes of individuals over the years. The theory also provides a broad perspective about disease processes. This has allowed health researcher/professionals to design holistic treatment/care plans that does not only focus on the biomedical disease process but to take other aspects of people’s life into consideration (WHO, 2010).
In the article, “The Question of Poe’s Narrators” James W. Gargano discusses the criticize in “The Tell-Tale Heart” by Edgar Allen Poe and tries to help the readers understand why Poe writes the way he does and identifies some of the quotes in his work. According, to Gargano, other authors view’s Poe’s work as “cheap or embarrassing Gothic Style” (177). The author is saying that Poe’s work makes the reader look at themselves not only the work. The author explores three main points. Some author thinks that Poe’s life is reflected in a lot of his work, uses dramatic language to show his style in work, and explains how Poe’s work manipulates his readers to understand.
Edgar Allan Poe was an excellent horror, suspense, and mystery writer of the eighteenth century. His use of literary devices and different literary techniques makes this writer important to American literature. This paper will show how Edgar Allan Poe has made an impact on Society and American literature as well as how Edgar Allan Poe developed the short story. I will also discuss and analyze some of his works and techniques he uses in his short stories and poems.
The Tell Tale Heart, the Raven, Murders in the Rue Morgue. You might have known Edgar Allan Poe as the famous author, poet, editor, and critic. He was a man of mystery, a man of suspense. His works often reflected his troubles and losses in life. Taking a more gothic style of writing, he was a strange and peculiar man. But, did you know he took part in enlisting in the military, or that his death is unknown? Reading this essay, you will find out that there were many more things to Edgar Allan Poe that you might not have suspected. And the horrific events that occurred in his life, he turned into masterpieces, which we read to this day.
Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., Lewis, F.M. (2002). Health behavior and health education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Even more the health belief model links to the Change4Life campaign , as it helps and demonstrates individuals the benefits of their health and the positive outcomes of being active and eating healthy. The Change4Life campaign discusses about physical activity and how individuals can change their life in a healthier one. For example, there are physical activities in different areas run by the Change4Life campaign, which tend to help individuals to keep fit and have a good diet. The Change4Life campaign website offers advice online as well as through different ranges of mass
What I learned from the behavior change project is that it can be extremely hard to implement a behavioral change. Even if there is a real desire to make the change there are extenuating circumstances in everyone’s life that will test their resolve to change. That makes a high prioritization of the change a must. This also means that an physician must be understanding of a patient who is having a hard time changing. Being supportive instead of judgmental is paramount. The project also taught me how to develop and implement a change plan. The change plan is the ground floor to the entire change and failing to commit the time and energy to developing a realistic and goal oriented plan is a mistake. Finally having a good experience advising a peer will help future patients giving me experience and confidence to draw on.
The health of an individual and their communities is affected by several elements which combine together. Whether an individual is healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment.1 To a greater extent, factors such as where an individual lives, their relationships with family and friends, the state of their environment, income, genetics and level of education all have significant impacts on health, however the more frequently considered factors such as access and use of health care facilities regularly have less of an impact.6 Determinants of health is a term which was introduced in the 1970s as part of a broader analysis of research and policy on public health. Researchers argued that there was a lot of attention and too much expenditure on health being dedicated to individuals and their illnesses, and little or no investment in populations and their health. It was decided that public health should be more concerned with social policies and social determinants than with health facilities and the outcomes of diseases.7 The determinants of health include social and economic environment, physical environment and an individual’s behaviour and characteristics. The environment of an individual determines their health, holding responsible an individual for having poor health or acknowledging them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are not likely to be able to control several of the determinants of health. These determinants that make individuals healthy or not include the factors above, and numerous others.6
According to the Social Cognitive Theory, changing a behavior is a function of individual characteristics: a person’s sense of self efficacy about the new behavior, their confidence and overcoming barriers. The person’s behavioral capability, expectations and expectancies, their level of self-control and emotional coping ability; environmental factors: the social and physical environment surrounding individuals. The behavior of others (“modeling”) and the consequences of that behavior, which result in vicarious learning. The situation in which the behavior takes place, and perceptions of the situation by individuals. Reinforcements (negative or positive) that are given to individuals in response to the behavior; the interactive process of reciprocal determinism where a person acts based on individual factors and social/environmental cues, receives a response from that environment, adjust behavior, acts again and so on (Edberg, 2015). Ensuring that patients receive social skills training, self-efficacy boost, an educational component and vicarious learning is in alignment with the social cognitive theory. Unfortunately, there are certain regions that suffer from health and socioeconomic disparities that lead to extraordinarily poor health outcomes that would benefit from the implementation of the social cognitive
Smoking is a simple process of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning tobacco, but it has deadly consequences. According to the American Cancer Society, smoking is the most preventable cause of death in America today (Encarta, 2002). Until the 1940?s, smoking was considered harmless. It was at this time that epidemiologists noticed a dramatic increase in the cases of lung cancer. A study was then conducted between smokers and nonsmokers to determine if cigarettes were the cause of this increase. This study, conducted by the American Cancer Society, found increased mortality among smokers. Yet it was not until 1964 that the Surgeon General put out a report acknowledging the danger of cigarettes. The first action to curb smoking was the mandate of a warning on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission (Encarta, 2002). In 1971, all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces (Encarta, 2002). Now in some cities smoking is being completely banned from public places and workplaces and various people are striving for more of these laws against smoking.
Overall, it is the balance between the human individual and the environment in which he interacts with that affects health. There are numerous factors from the environment, both internal and external, that affect the health of an individual, group or nation. As a whole, equilibrium has to be created between environment and man to reduce the vulnerability of disease and health risks.
A) Social workers “promote social change...the empowerment and liberation of people” (International federation Of Social Workers 2014, para 1);