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Cultural changes in the 1960s
Culture in 1950
Social changes in the 1950s and 1960s
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in the year 1954, the United States was changing rapidly. President Eisenhower, a Republican, was in the midst of his first term. Eisenhower had just announced to the world that the United States had in fact developed and successfully tested the first hydrogen bomb some two years prior. Mamie Eisenhower christened the Nautilus, which was the first submarine to run on nuclear power. The great court decision, “Brown vs. the Board of Education,” called for the integration of the country’s public schools. Arkansas and Alabama refused to integrate and President Eisenhower was forced to send the 101st Airborne Division to integrate the schools of these states. The phrase “Under God” was added to the Pledge of Allegiance. Eighteen-year olds were shouting, “If we are old enough to fight and die for our country, why can’t we vote?” The teens got a bill into the house but it was turned away by the senate.
New fashions were surfacing in both men’s and women’s fashions. Men were wearing Bermuda pants, baggy pants that were cut off at the knee, while women were wearing capris, tight pants that cut off just below the knee. Men were wearing tailored jackets and making a slight move towards the casual dress of today’s workplace. Women were wearing natural shoulders as opposed to the heavily padded ones of the war years. Flat, neck-hugging collars replaced the mannish collars of the late 1940’s. Waists were tightly fitted and skirts were long (Melinkoff 46). The jeans of the time were often lined with plaid flanel and dungarees were worn to the most casual occasions. The sandals of the fifties were not much different than the sandals of today.
In the entertainment world, On the Waterfront won the Oscar for the best film while its star Marlon Brando won the Oscar for best actor. Grace Kelly won best actress for her role in The Country Girl. James Dean and Humphrey Bogart were also creating memorable movies. Almost thirty million people owned televisions by this time so it was no surprise that America fell in love with shows like “The Ed Sullivan Show,” “I Love Lucy,” “Dragnet,” and “Lassie.” A meeting of the President’s cabinet aired on television for the first time. The Miss America Contest was broadcast live on television for the first time. The price of a color television dropped to 1,110 dollars.
Rock ‘N’ Roll records topped the charts.
The book is broken up into four books into one, describing the events that had happened in America during the 1960’s and 70’s. Going into detail describing disparity with the war, discrimination and how peoples’ opinions were taken in consideration. First we are introduced with the 1965 riot, which had happened nine months after Lyndon Johnsons’ triumph victory that happened with Barry Goldwater. This all happened a week after President Johnson officially engaged the Voting Rights Act. Within the following year, a good amount of liberals were kicked out of Congress. Sadly, America was becoming a divided country than it had ever been. Television began growing in this era, where the first presidential election was broadcast in 1960 with President John F. Kennedy, and Vice President Richard Nixon who was the republican nominee. After Nixon had lost, the book describes the events through both John F. Kennedy and his brother Robert F. Kennedy. As the book went on, the outbreak of a war between...
On the date of December 8, 1953, in New York, President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave his speech, Atoms for Peace. 1 This speech was addressed to the United Nations Assembly. 2 To this large audience of well-established political leaders, Eisenhower addressed the root of the most pressing fear to envelop the Cold War. This fear was of a possible atomic annihilation that would have resulted from the tensions held between the United States and the U.S.S.R. The root of this fear that was addressed was the continued advancement and storage of atomic and nuclear weapons. Eisenhower presented this speech with the hope that he might have been able to turn the United States away from a possible war with the Soviets. Shawn J. Parry-Giles of the University
As a dictator Stalin was very strict about his policies, especially working. For instance. Stalin had set quotas very high , as they were very unrealistic. The workers had very long days, and under the rule of Stalin most people worked many hours in overtime, and resulting in no pay. Stalin treated workers very, very harshly. Those who did not work were exiled to Siberia or killed. Some may say you got what you deserved in Stalin’s time. Those who worked very hard for Stalin sometimes got bonuses such as trips, or goods likes televisions and refrigerators. The workers had to conform to Stalin’s policies . Stalin’s harsh treatment of workers received a very unwelcoming response, but in fact the liberal amount of goods that the workers had made, had in fact
...War and the Civil Rights Movements in order to illustrate how the 1960s was a time of “tumult and change.” To Anderson, it is these events, which sparked the demand for recognition of social and economic fairness. He makes prominent the idea that the 1960s served as the origin of activism and the birth of the civil rights movement, forever changing ideals that embody America. The book overall is comprehensive and a definite attention grabber. It shows how the decade had the effect of drastically transforming life in America and challenging the unequal status quo that has characterized most of the nation's history. Despite the violence and conflict that was provoked by these changes, the activism and the liberation movements that took place have left a permanent imprint upon the country.
After Vladimir Lenin, a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist, died, Stalin outmaneuvered his rivals and won the control of the Communist Party. In the tardy 1920’s he became dictator of the Soviet Cumulation. Then he wanted to industrialize the country because at the time the economic was farming. Millions of farmers reluctant to be apart of Stalin’s orders and were killed as penalization. The civilization led a widespread famine across the Soviet Coalescence and killed millions of people. Stalin wanted to kill anyone who opposed him of his orders. He engendered an army of secret police, and inspirited citizens to spy on others which had many people killed or sent to a labor camp. Virtually everyone around Stalin was considered a threat to him, even the Communist Party, the military, and components of the Soviet Coalescence society, s...
Another goal of his new policy was to erase all capitalistic elements previously imposed by Lenin within Russia. Russian peasants just won their land from the nobles after the revolution, and now Stalin was taking it all back. Peasants were not happy with this. Many began to protest by killing livestock and burning fields. Stalin soon began killing many of these protestors or sending them to gulags. Eventually all farms became governmental property and soon giant collectivized farms were established. By the end of the 1930’s wheat production had risen exponentially. In the end, many peasants were able to leave the countryside and work in factories. Russia was also able to export much of its grain in order to fund further industrialization. But again, the human cost of this policy was monumental. Many people starved because of the protesting and many also were murdered by the government in order to force others to
The Ukrainians, a fiercely independent group, opposed Stalin's plan. Many refused to surrender their land. Some burned their crops and slaughtered their cattle in protest (Glennon 207). Millions more left the farms for cities, seeking jobs in the developing industry, which drastically hurt food production. Penalties for resisting the collectivization drive were forced labor camps ...
Joseph Stalin set up events intended to cause a famine in Ukraine to protect his rule. Despite the fact that the long-awaited opportunity for independence had come in 1917, the people Ukraine’s new-found freedom was brief, due to Stalin’s uncontrollable overtake of Vladimir Lenin’s power. Stalin’s rule caused chaos and conflict followed by Ukrainian troops fighting Lenin’s Red Army, Russian White Army (troops devoted to the Czar), as well as the invading forces from Germany and Poland. At the same time, Stalin enforced the Soviet system of land management known as collectivization, resulting in the taking over of private farms. Joseph Stalin caused a famine in Ukraine as a terrible punishment for the people of Ukraine’s desire to gain independence, causing the death of many.
Women used to dress very conservatively and strict before the turn of the decade. Clothing consisted of fitted dresses, long skirts, and corsets in lady like manners. Since the 1920’s brought women’s rights along, young women decided that they were not willing to waste away their young lives anymore being held down to the rules; they were going to enjoy life. The younger generations of women were breaking away from their old habits and their fashion statements changed their roles in society completely. Women were modeling their lives after popular icons...
Although the sixties were a decade in which the United States became a more open, more tolerant, and a freer country, in some ways it became less of these things. During the sixties, America intervened in other nations and efforts were made to stop the progress of the civil rights movement. Because of America’s foreign policy and Americans fight against the civil rights movement, it is clear that the sixties in America were not purely a decade of openness, tolerance, and freedom in the United States.
In the 1940’s, World War II had a major effect on women’s fashion. Resources had to be limited so dresses
The building is 158 meters high and has 23 floors. It also utilizes Mies Rohe’s concept of "less is more" (Zhang, 2014; He, 2010). The structure of the building is simple and symmetry. Although it is a regular hexahedron, it needs actuate calculation (He, 2010). 75% of exterior wall of the building makes by bronze-tinted glass (Abercrombie, 2013). It uses Bronze-tinted color because it is a popular color at 1952. Moreover, normal glass cause environment hot at summer and cold at winter (Masello, 2015). Also, the exterior wall adds bronze window frame. It makes the building better sense of line and extended the form of the regular hexahedron’s building. It has the window frame transmits to people a sense of relative
Stalin took control over the farms and factories trying to “reorganize” the economy. However, it led to less production resulting in famine. Unrealistic quotas were set (Adams 5). He used collectivization, a policy of forced consolidation of individual peasant households onto collective farms. The use of collectivization led to many farmers death due to them protesting. Stalin’s overall goal for Soviet Union was to create an industrial power with all production under government control. Agriculture was bought under government control and forced peasants to live on group farms. The standards of living were poor during his rule (“Stalin’s Economic Policies” 1).
In the Dirty Thirties women’s fashion changed a lot in the 1930s. In the 1920s dresses didn’t have any curves. However, in the 1930s belts would be tightened around the waist and dresses were made to show curves more. Another thing that was changing were the skirt lengths and over the time they slowly decreased in length. In the 20s they would make the garments finished and new. Unlike in the 30s, designers and stores would sell their dresses and skirts unfinished. Selling the things unfinished made the item affordable. Then when women had to buy them all they needed was sewing skills to sew the hems and the other missing pieces.
A Critical Opinion by Robert B. Reich on Why The Rich Are Getting Richer and the Poor, Poorer