European Interest in the New World
The New World sparked an interest to many Europeans because it was a land full of opportunity. Many Europeans, however, were not eager to start exploring and colonizing straight away. It took several years for certain countries to start obtaining the motivation to go out and explore the New World. Eventually, countries became interested in gaining riches and trading and people started to have reasons to travel to the New World, to start a new life and hopefully receive new and better opportunities compared to what they had in Europe.
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However, by the end of the fifteenth century, the conditions in Europe changed, which inspired an incentive for overseas exploration. Two important changes occurred that encouraged Europeans to look towards new lands. One was the significant growth in Europe’s population during the fifteenth century. More than a third of the people in Europe died because of a catastrophic epidemic of the bubonic plague which was called the Black Death. But one hundred and fifty years later, the population rebounded which brought a reawakening of commerce, a new merchant class rising to meet the demands for goods from abroad, increased trading, and advances in navigation. The second change was the emergence of new governments that were more united and powerful. New monarchs were eager to enhance the commercial development of their nations, especially those in Western …show more content…
One was the Protestant Reformation, which began when Martin Luther challenged the basic practices and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. He gained a following and he lead them out of the Catholic Church entirely. John Calvin, a Swiss theologian, also rejected the Catholic belief, especially the fact that human behavior could affect an individual’s prospects for salvation. He introduced the doctrine of predestination, which was the belief the God predetermined certain people to be saved and condemned others to damnation. But if one accepted Calvin's teachings, they might be able to reveal what their chance of salvation is, depending on how they led their lives. His followers were called Calvinists. Another reason was because different monarchs would go back and forth between religions. King Henry VIII of England, broke England’s ties with the Catholic Church and established himself as the head of the Christian faith, and this came to be known as the English Reformation. But once Henry died, his Catholic daughter, Queen Mary, restored England’s allegiance to
The ambition of the Protestant Reformation was to "place God everywhere," when in actuality it made today's world even more secular than it was. The main goal was to create a world of profit in a strong world of morality. The documentary follows the Protestant religion's beginnings to the present day. In the 1536, a young pastor named John Calvin was recruited to start a new church in Geneva following a break from the Roman Catholic Church. Calvin was inspired by Martin Luther another French theologian whose temperament was fun than that of Calvin's. However, both men had similar beliefs. They believed in predestination and that faith was the only way to salvation. By the sixteenth century, things began to loosen up. "A new egalitarian, no distinction, and liberated God was now in the streets"(documentary).
John Calvin produced the first defined the presentation on Protestantism, which was titled 'Institutes of the Christian Religion'. Sometime in 1522-1534, John had what he called a 'sudden conversion' and accepted Protestantism. The Town Council also accepted Calvin's Ecclesiastical Ordinances, which set up a theocracy in Geneva; a government based on Church rule. Calvin mainly believed in the absolute sovereignty of God, and the person's complete inability to contribute anything towards their own salvation. That second point is known as pre-destination.
(Hook) The religion of Protestantism came to be when there was the breakup within Western Christianity started by Martin Luther, John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli and other Protestant Reformers. Protestantism came to be in the 16th century due the many influences in the surrounding world. Martin Luther opposed many of the Catholic Church’s teachings and sought change in the church. Huldrych Zwingli began questioning the Catholic Church in the early 15th century; eventually his ideas began to spread starting the concept of Zwinglism. French theologian, John Calvin his views on theology became popular and came to be known as Calvinism. During the 16th century numerous beliefs which differed from the Catholic Church arose, Lutheranism was the most substantial causes for coming of Protestantism.
1. The factors that motivated the European (Spanish, Portuguese, French, Dutch and English in particular) to explore and colonize North America and South America concerned material gain and / or religious freedom.
The Black Plague came to Europe at a time referred to as the late middle ages. At this time, the quality of living was looking better than in the past
In the 1300’s, there was an outbreak of a disease known as the Black Death that engulfed all of Europe. This sickness, also know as the Bubonic Plague, rampaged throughout Europe killing over a third of the population. A bacteria known as Yersinia pestis caused the disease. The bacteria, originating in fleas, spread to rats and then to people. Black Death was spread from trade throughout Europe. The large cities were affected first, and then it spread to the less dense and populated surrounding areas. The mortality rate in large cities was near fifty percent of the population, while in more rural areas the rate was lower. This lasting effects of this disease changed Europe both socially and economically. The bubonic plague triggered a loss of faith and generated negative feelings towards the church, but positively affected the masses by creating opportunities that they didn’t have in the past.
The Black Plague, perhaps one of the worst epidemics in history, swept its evil across Europe in the middle of the 14th century, killing an estimated 20 million people. This major population shift, along with other disasters occurring at the time, such as famine and an already existing economic recession, plunged Europe into a dark period of complete turmoil. Anarchy, psychological breakdowns, and the dissipation of church power were some of the results. As time passed, however, society managed to find new ground and began its long path of recovery. The plague, as catastrophic as it was to medieval Europe, had just as many positive effects that came with this recovery as it did negative effects prior. An end to feudalism, increased wages and innovation, the idea of separation of church and state, and an attention to hygiene and medicine are only some of the positive things that came after the plague. It could also be argued that the plague had a significant impact on the start of the Renaissance.
Colonization itself was first lead by Spain and Portugal as they searched for riches. England was the next country to follow in suite. Europe had always had an interest in expanding their territories. When land was expanded, they could add a new kingdom and have more power to use. The reason that the people of England wanted to travel was because they were oppressed and were losing their homes and jobs. They were also heavy taxes and reforms from government types and so they were desperate for a way to have land to live on and homes to live in. Many had hope that traveling to the new world would improve their situation.
In these Thesis’ Luther basically criticized the church’s wrongful practices and exposed the church’s corruption in order to bring about change in the church. Luther is quoted in Document 3 from his 95 thesis’ “Christian’s should be taught that he who gives to a poor man, or lends to a needy man, does better if he bought pardons.” Luther believed that actions, such as helping others did way more toward saving a person’s soul than buying a pardon did. He saw through the idea that one could by their way into heaven. He brought about new ideas such as God’s grace is the only way into heaven, not buying indulgences, or simply participating in church activities. His ideas eventually spread out all over Europe and his followers formed a group calling themselves Lutherans. This eventually became a protestant denomination, where Luther preached ideas, and his version of christianity. Also other reformist such as John Calvin had their own ideas, like predestination, and that everyone was full of sin until they were saved by christ. “We must resist the lust of the flesh, which, unless kept in order, overflows without measure.” (Document 6) Calvin believed that everyone was filled with this sinful “lust” that could not be kept in order without the power of christ. Calvin also started a sect of christianity nicknamed Calvinist after their leader. Both Luther and Calvin inspired others such as George Fox, who created quakerism, and Ulrich Zwingli who started anabaptism. Overall a huge force that drove the Protestant Reformation was reformers such as Martin Luther and John
The Black Death plagues had disastrous consequences for Europe in the 14th century. After the initial outbreak in Europe, 1347, it continued for around five years and then mysteriously disappeared. However it broke out again in the 1360s and every few decades thereafter till around 1700. The European epidemic was an outbreak of the bubonic plague, which began in Asia and spread across trade routes. When it reached Europe, a path of destruction began to emerge. Medieval society was tossed into disarray, economies were fractured, the face of culture and religion changed forever. However the plagues devastation was not all chaotic, there were benefits too, such as modern labour movements, improvements in medicine and a new outlook on life. Therefore in order to analyse the impact the Black Death had on societies in the 14th century, this essay will consider the social, economic, cultural and religious factors in order to reach an overall conclusion.
In 1346, the second and most devastating case of Bubonic plague erupted. (Janis 1) This specific case of plague originated in Kaffa, a cathedral town on the Crimean Coast and spread to China then quickly westward to India. Soon traders from India sailed to Europe and infected almost the entire continent. (Ziegler 121) This case was the most famous because of the large number of deaths affiliated with its outbreak. An estimated twenty five million people, one third of Europe’s population, perished during the plague’s four years of existence. (Janis 1) Government, trade, and commerce in Europe almost came to a halt. The Black Death caused the depopulation of about 1,000 villages in England. (Janis 2) In one case, in Alexandria, Egypt, the first two weeks of the plague 100-200 people died each day. Soon after, as many as 2,000 people died each day and the number increased each week. During this time, the Roman Catholic Church lost some influence on its people.
In the years 1331 to 1350 all of Europe broke out in an epidemic, called the Black Death. This terrible sickness murdered about one third of all the people in Europe, it spread, and killed quickly. People’s lives were changed drastically; they were scared to go outside in fear of catching the gross disease. The Black Death spread rapidly through Europe having significant impacts on society.
European exploration brought many new ideas and practices to the world. Europeans exploration discoveries brought negative and positive impacts to the society they were building. The explorations was a success for many countries, but it also was a loss for a lot of Native Americans people. The exploration started a new mankind, it gave countries and people items they never had. The discovery of new world was a big impacts from the European exploration. Countries were now fighting over lands and the resources that were on the land. Slavery and the Columbian change were also big impacts from the exploration. The world changed because of these three big impacts of the European explorations. There
Martin Luther a German theologian and religious reformer was the founding figure of the protestant reformation, the break from the Catholic Church, which in many ways marks the beginning of modern Europe. A well-expressed preacher and huge writer, Luther attacked many abuses of the Catholic Church, especially the papacy. The source of his spiritual revelation was not political or institutional but came from his inner fight of conscience. Like other people of his day, Luther was horrified that god would in the end reject him for his sins. He found a word in the bible called “Law” which increased his terror, but he also discovered a word god called “Gospel,” the good news and promise of mercy in Christ, which shed all of his worries. By his words and actions, Luther caused an action that reformulated certain rudimentary Christian belief and the division of Western Church between Roman Catholics and the Protestant traditions. He is one of the most influential person in the history of Christianity.
For those who believe the Bible is the word of God, and live by the standard that God has made for man. It is easy to see that this country is far from living from the way God would have us.. There are many immoral acts being pushed on society and forcing people to accept them. Things like abortion, immodesty, and homosexuality.These things are being accepted by more and more people as time goes by. With horrible acts of murder and perversion as just listed above, divorce is one that needs to be listed among them. The reason being that it is just as immoral and the most accepted by the Lord's church. Most (in the Lord's church) for the time being probably see abortion, and homosexuality as sin, but more and more are not seeing divorce and remarriage as sinful. Though the Bible is clear on the subject many try to twist and ignore passages in order to please people, or remain in an adulterous relationship. In order to draw a proper conclusion on this matter, what the Bible says concerning the subject must be considered.