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Role of a narrator in a play
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Eudora Welty's The Ponder Heart as Dramatic Monologue
Dramatic Monologue", Edna is defined as the filter through which we see everything.
"What we commonly call "point of view"-- is the nexus of our interpretation of the
novel's characters, events, and thematic significance"(Nissen 1, emphasis added).
According to Nissen Welty's narrators are often "ignored or misconstrued" by critics.
In "The Ponder Heart", Edna Earle is an exemplary storyteller at her best and at her
worst defined by critics as "bossy, narrow-minded and dumb" (Nissen 2, emphasis
added). Edna Earle fits none of these negative lashes. She is a Southern woman who
cares for her family and community and tries to put them in their best light for her
audience. The form of dramatic monologue has long been a way for authors to give
their audience an inside view by allowing us to be voyeurs; we are not part of the story,
but simply folks who are passing by the actions at hand. With this genre tag already in
place, we bring to our reading certain expectations. "In a sense, we never read a story
for the first time; we bring into our reading the expectations that previous encounters
with the genre have created" (Nissen 2).
Nissen sees Edna Earle as putting herself second in the line of importance to the
story she tells with Grandpa Ponder and Uncle Daniel as the primary forces that shape
her narrative. She sacrifices her own needs in order to fill those of Grandpa and Uncle
Daniel. "That she has been taken for granted must be painfully clear to the narrator as
well as her audience" (Nissen 9). In this way, she arouses sympathy from her audience
much in the same way as if we were passing by her on the street while she told her
story to a friend. We hear her, but are not free to help her. We are strangers in her
world and cannot affect the outcome of her circumstances.
In closing, Nissen rewrites the end to reflect the importance of Edna Earle's voice as
narrator. "I'd like to warn you again, Edna Earle may try to give you something--may
think she's got something to give. If she does, do me a favor. Make out like you accept
it. Tell her thank you" (Nissen 9).
I agreed with Nissen's article, but believe he could have stated his points more
concisely. This article was long for the amount he really had to say. There is clearly no
arguing the point that The Ponder Heartis a monologue, yet he spends three pages
Audience (Who was the audience for this work? What evidence from the author’s writing leads you to this conclusion?)
Her family life is depicted with contradictions of order and chaos, love and animosity, conventionality and avant-garde. Although the underlying story of her father’s dark secret was troubling, it lends itself to a better understanding of the family dynamics and what was normal for her family. The author doesn’t seem to suggest that her father’s behavior was acceptable or even tolerable. However, the ending of this excerpt leaves the reader with an undeniable sense that the author felt a connection to her father even if it wasn’t one that was desirable. This is best understood with her reaction to his suicide when she states, “But his absence resonated retroactively, echoing back through all the time I knew him. Maybe it was the converse of the way amputees feel pain in a missing limb.” (pg. 399)
She is a manipulator when it comes to any aspect of her life. Ideally, the grandmother was selfish and care about herself. For instance, when the author has her saying “In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady (O’Connor). The author let it be known at that second that the grandmother was only thinking about herself. As if she was traveling with a group of strangers. Throughout the story, the grandmother shows that she can be dishonest towards her family. “She woke up and recalled an old plantation that she had visited in this neighborhood once when she was a young lady” (O’Conner). The grandmother did this to manipulate the situation causing the ride to be delayed. Thus, she was lying to the children about the secret panel in the house. Therefore, she caused chaos in the car. The author made it seem that the grandmother was very content with that she has caused. Even when she realized that the location of the house that she was referring to was not up that road at all. But she remained quiet or did she know this along. She was quick to judge and tell someone what not to do. But she never turned her eye on herself. That she was selfish and dishonest to her
Pornography is considered by many to be an unwelcome and distasteful part of our society. However, I argue that it is necessary to voice the unpopular viewpoints, under the Constitution. This paper is a defense of pornography as a constitutional right of free expression, under the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights. In illustrating this argument, I will first define pornography as a concept, and then address central arguments in favor of pornography remaining legal and relatively unregulated – such as the development of the pornography debate throughout modern US law, and how activist groups address the censorship of adult entertainment.
Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Norton Introduction to Literature: 7th edition. Ed. Jerome Beaty, et al. New York: Norton, 1998.
Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, centers on an African American family in the late 1950s. Hansberry directs her work towards specifically the struggles faced by African Americans during the late 1950s. Through the dialogue and actions of her characters, she encourages not only a sense of pride in heritage, but a national and self-pride in African Americans as well.
Women have long been exploited through pornographic material, such as videos, photos and literature, these materials, more-so now, than ever, portray women purely as sexual objects. The evolution of the business? popularity has done nothing but help fuel a false impression, subjugating women in modern day culture and society, yet still, banning pornography in the US would be nearly impossible, due to complex issues dealing with the first amendment and obscenity laws. With instances of discrimination based on sexual orientation, race or sex being in most cases illegal, the practice of pornography should most definitely not be acceptable or perpetuated, especially in a country like the US where this said industry defies everything of which our country is founded upon. This rise [in popularity] looks as if it is related, almost in a hand by hand parallel, with growth of sexual violence against women in America.
They may even often immolate the same exact thing they see or hear from an adult. However, O’Connor puts the focus on the grandmother’s bad behavior to highlight her fate at the end of the story. Readers think the grandmother is a good person character because they relate her to their own grandmother. The grandmother puts her hand on the Misfit at the end of the story because she wants to try one also time to beg for her life. When she went on about the Misfit being a good person she was also begging fir help because she knew she was
In the play A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry (1959), the author depicts an African American family whom struggles with the agonizing inferiority present during the 1950s. Hansberry illustrates the constant discrimination that colored people, as a whole, endured in communities across the nation. Mama, who is the family’s foundation, is the driving force behind the family on the search for a better life. With the family living in extreme poverty, their family bond is crucial in order to withstand the repression. Hansberry effectively portrays the racism within society, and how it reinforced unity amongst the family members.
The Narrator’s family treats her like a monster by resenting and neglecting her, faking her death, and locking her in her room all day. The Narrator’s family resents her, proof of this is found when the Narrator states “[My mother] came and went as quickly as she could.
point of sacrifice. And while the relevance of this theme to her character is clear,
... story as it shows the grandmother and her family’s lives have no importance until their encounter with the Misfit. Furthermore, O’Connor develops both her main characters, the grandmother and the Misfit, primarily through the structure of her disarrayed and segmented storyline with the intention of exposing her theme to her audience.
Gaze can be a reflecting mirror for both the perceiving and the narrating agents. The so called point of view tradition mixes the figure of one who perceives with one who narrates. Norman Fragment popularized these terms often used outside the discipline of narratology such as omniscient narrator and eye-witness. The eye-witness
For the purpose of clarification there must be an examination of what pornography actually constitutes. As stated by Leanne Katz in her essay entitled “Women, Censorship, and Pornography” she says,
Greedy: She over exaggerates in telling her father how much she loves him just so that she...