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Project Management Quizlet
Project Management Quizlet
Project management problems and solutions
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Answer: - During Project Management, A project manager may face different challenges like selection of appropriate project site & location, selection of appropriate firm which will undertake project, selection of adequate resource, planning of funds required for project, planning to complete the project within the given timeline. Appropriate method of controlling and monitoring the project, legal issue etc. But apart from the above mentioned one of the major issue faced by project Managers are ethical issues. The Project Manager needs to deal with such issue with care and should also conduct their activities within legal & ethical framework by adopting appropriate approach. The ethical issue are likely to occur at 3 different phase of Project i.e. before the project takes place, while the project is underway and once the project is completed. There are different ethical issues which may occur during these 3 phases lets understand same with an illustration as mentioned below: • Ethical issue faced before project begins: Before the project begins, project manager may face following ethical issue while selecting the organization to undertake the project. - Offering Bribe: The Firms which are competing for business may try to offer bribe in order to get the project contract. - Exposed to Bid rigging: the other ethical issue which the project manager may face is of Bid rigging. Bid rigging is a form of price fixing which is often practiced where the decision of contracts are done by bids or a call. For e.g. the govt. construction contracts. Bid rigging most of the time results in economic harm to the firm which is looking for bid and also to the public who are actually paying the cost in form of taxes. Few common types of bid rigging... ... middle of paper ... ...e account. Padding refers to cheating on business expenses by showing wrongs expenses which were not incurred for business purpose or showing inflated expenses. few examples to pad expenses are: taking a spouse to lunch and claiming the expenses mentioning it was a business meeting, showing or adding more money to the actual cost incurred on lunch, dinner or while traveling, If travelling expenses are paid by miles, claiming more miles than you actually drove. Padding expense is unethical and it is same as cheating your employer by stealing money. • Ethical issue faced after the project is completed: After the project is completed following ethical issues may be faced by Project Manager. - Wrong report submitted on completion of project. - Those who have submitted or reported completion of project they themselves may not be honest about the success of project.
Who are all of the stakeholders that are impacted by the ethical issue in the case? Discuss how the ethical issue impacts each stakeholder.
The method of ethical decision making which was developed by Dr. Cathryn A. Baird presented two components contained in all ethical decisions which are; The Four ethical Lenses and the 4+1 Decision process. The Four Ethical Lenses issue claims that different ethical theories and the means in which we tend to approach the situations which form part of our ethical traditions are looked at in four different perspectives. From each perspective there are different values on which to decide whether the action taken is either ethical or not and each lens also lays emphasis on determining whether the decision made is of ethical requirement. In the 4+1 Decision Process, people who are responsible for making final decisions in an organization do it using four specific decision making steps and eventually will end up with one extra decision which gives a chance to reflect. The 4+1 decision process allows the decision makers to give solutions when faced with complicated ethical issues (John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, 2000).
Describe an ethical dilemma that could occur in your organization. Apply the ethical decision making model. Using the detailed analysis of alternative actions (Chapter 5, Table 5-1) create a table analyzing potential alternative solutions for your dilemma.
XYZ Construction Inc. is headquartered in Denver, Colorado; the company has 16 field offices spread throughout 11 States. There are 2,300 year round employees with a surge of 4,500 employees during the peak construction periods. XYZ Construction Inc. began in the late 1950’s as a privately owned family business. Recently, the family would like to move the company into the public sector within a 12 month period. XYZ Construction, Inc. performs horizontal construction with specialties in: Roads Bridges Airfields (Klinger, 2012).
First, paying bribes and siphoning off millions of dollars from the corporation would eventually lead to the company losing money because building mega projects in politically unstable countries would prove problematic. A sudden regime change would render the contracts useless, as
Most organisations begin the method of establishing organisational ethical projects by introducing codes of conducts. It helps to generate public trust and improve
The six steps of the model are as follows: Identify the ethical dilemma, collect information, state the options, apply ethical principles to those options, make the decision, and implement the decision (Beemsterboer, 2010). The first step is to identify the ethical dilemma, which Beemsterboer describes as the most critical step in the model. To identify the ethical dilemma, one must recognize that the problem is an ethical dilemma with no one clear answer, and expound upon what the ethical question is. The next step is to collect information about the situation and values involved “as a basis for an informed decision.” (Beemsterboer, 2010, para. 8). After defining the ethical dilemma and gathering information about it, one must then state as many options as possible which may resolve the problem (Beemsterboer, 2010). Due to that fact that more than one decision may remedy an ethical dilemma, it is important to discuss all available options to better understand all angles of the situation and how to deal with as many of them as possible. Once all alternatives have been stated, each must be weighed against ethical principles. Beemsterboer suggests in the discussion of each option a list of pros and cons be made to demonstrate how the option may protect of violate ethical principles and values (2010).?? After analyzing each alternative it is much easier
Organizational Ethics Issue Resolution Paper Introduction For this paper, Washington Mutual has been selected to show how the ethical decision making process can be achieved. When it comes to business ethics in the workplace, Washington Mutual has designed what can be considered a well balanced workplace with behaviors that are aligned with their moral values and business ethics. Business ethics are sometimes depicted as resolving conflicts where one option appears to be the correct choice. There are many different ethical dilemmas that are faced by managers and leaders everyday that are highly complex and have no clear choice or guidelines to assist in making the choices for resolution. There are times when an employee has to decide whether or not to cheat, lie, steal, or break their contract.
Ethical issues in business arise because of conflicts between an individuals personal moral philosophies and values and values or attitudes of organization in which a person works and a society in which one lives. Ethical issues can be identified in terms of the major participants and functions of business. Ethical issues related to ownership include conflicts between manager’s duties to the owners and their own interests, also separation of ownership and control of business. Financial issue includes, for example, the accuracy of reported financial documents. Ethical issues can acquire between manages and employees, then employees are asked to carry out assignments they consider unethical. Consumers and marketing issues are related to providing safe desired products for a fear price and not harming people and an environment. Accountants also face ethical dilemma, they have to deal with competition advertising commission. All of this places the accounting profession in situation of ethical risk.
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the moral principles and values that govern our behavior as human beings. It is important in the human experience that we are able to grasp the idea of our own ethical code in order to become the most sensible human beings. But in that process, can ethics be taught to us? Or later in a person’s life, can he or she teach ethics the way they learned it? It is a unique and challenging concept because it is difficult to attempt to answer that question objectively because everybody has his or her own sense of morality. And at the same time, another person could have a completely different set of morals. Depending on the state of the person’s life and how they have morally developed vary from one human
An ethical dilemma is only examined in a situation which has the following conditions; the first condition takes place in a situation, when an individual has to make a decision on which course of action is best. The second condition is there must be more than one course of action to choose from. The third action is no matter what course of action is taken, certain ethical principles are conceded. In other terms, there is no perfect result. When defining what forms an ethical dilemma, it is important to make a division between ethics, morals, values, laws and policies.
Many ethical dilemmas are philosophical in nature, an ethical issue can be described as a problem with no clear resolution. In order to solve the issue or dilemma a consensus between the parties involved must be reached. There are several reasons to come to an agreement over an ethical dilemma, it is the basis for all aspects of personal and professional dealings. Each one of us is part of a civilized society and as such it is our responsibility to be rational, honest and loyal in our dealings with others. (Alakavuklar, 2012) states that individuals make decisions for different situations in business life involving various ethical dilemmas. Each time either consciously or unconsciously individuals may follow some ethical approaches
The term “ethics” refers to an external set of rules that have been established by an institution or organization, for example, a university, and the members are expected to follow them. On the other hand, integrity refers to an individuals’ internal set of principles that guides their actions and behavior (Czimbal and Brooks n.p.). As a rule, people are usually rewarded when they follow ethical codes of conduct by an external committee or board that monitors their behavior. For a person of high integrity, the benefits are usually intrinsic. Moreover, such individuals always make the right decisions even when they are not being watched. Therefore, this feature of character is often influenced by a person’s upbringing. In
..., 2013). As these contractors are risk-averse, they will drop out in the first phase leaving only the most efficient contractors to compete against each other. Furthermore the inclusion of a premium, offers less incentive for collusion as contractors are more inclined to deviate from a cartel to receive a higher payoff. Although theoretically feasible in a controlled environment, in real life there are laws and regulations that protect firms against collusive practices. In the case where the client may suspect collusion is a real possibility, AMSA offers the most effective collusion deterrence. However administratively it may be difficult to implement phase 1, where the price sequentially drops as the tender process takes several months with contractors rarely interacting with each other compared to an auction where the bidders are together and bid in one sitting.
This paper will examine this ethical dilemma further, including why it is an important issue...