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Realism in death of a salesman
Realism in death of a salesman
Realism and symbolism in death of a salesman
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Every individual will one’s own expectation for the future. Most people would like to achieve their expectations sooner or later and become happy and contented in life. On the other hand, an individual might set an unrealistic expectation for himself. With an impractical expectation, an individual can feel confused and contradicted, even having behaviors which are torturing himself and his family. In Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, Willy Lomen is a good example of a person who is blinded by an unrealistic expectation. When an individual feels unfulfilled by his unrealistic expectations, his sacrifice for his unfulfilled and unrealistic expectation can torture himself and his family.
Willy Lomen’s unrealistic expectation for himself
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is to be a successful and well-liked salesman in business world. After Willy meeting with Dave Singleman, Willy starts to sacrifice everything for his ambition. Dave Singleman is a successful but rare salesman who can “make a living by picking up phone and call his buyer” when he is eighty-four years old. Willy’s ambition is to become a highly respected and valued salesman like Dave. However, since Willy’s ability, he cannot become an elite salesman as he expected. Even though when Willy is young and he drives to Boston every week, he works as hard as possible for the company. Willy still cannot make himself like Dave. As he gets older, the situation becomes worse. According to Linda, Willy “drives seven hundred miles without earning a cent”. Therefore, he becomes quiet desperation and he is barely surviving finically. Willy refuses to confirm about his failure in career and he becomes constantly contradict himself over and over again. This is also verifying that when Willy cannot fulfill his expectation, he suffers between his illusion of success and the reality of low salary. In order to achieve Willy’s goal of becoming a well-loved salesman, Willy sacrifices not only his own happiness, but his family’s financial availability.
On Willy’s funeral, Charley says that “He [is] a happy man with a batch of cement.” As Linda also recognizes, Willy is “wonderful with his hands”. It shows that Willy actually is a man who loves to work with tools and he is good at fixing and building things at home. Willy’s talent can have made him an excellent carpenter as Biff said in one point. However, Willy chooses to sacrifice what he is really good at, to be a successful salesman as Dave. Moreover, Willy refuses to go to Africa to assist his brother Ben and gives up the opportunity to be rich. Because Dave’s successful image is deeply rooted in Willy’s mind, he believes that one day he can achieve his expectation. Even though Willy understands the difficult financial situation of family, he still refuses Ben and the opportunity to be rich because he considers he is struggling for his unfulfilled expectations. When he is fired by Howard from the company he worked for last thirty-four years, he still refuses to take a job from Charley. Since Willy still want to follow his dream of being Dave, he would not do any other job but trying hard to be successful salesman in business. It is also a part of his sacrifice for his unfulfilled
expectation. Willy’s family have no choice but to become victim of Willy’s wrongful sacrifice for unfulfilled expectation. Biff, as Willy’s eldest son, is the one who receives a lot of inappropriate education from Willy. Willy tells Biff not to pay any effort on education since Biff’s good look will get him best advantage when he gets into business. Willy also let Biff do anything he wants to; even when Biff steal a football from school, Will tells Biff it is ok as long as the coach likes him. Therefore, the education Biff received in childhood is completely twisted and makes Biff do not want to take order from anybody. Moreover, because of Willy’s unfulfilled expectation in business, Willy wants Biff to go in to the field of business and become a well-liked and successful salesman as he expected. However, Willy never considers anything about what Biff really wants to do. Actually, Biff feels “[suffering] fifty weeks of the year” in the city, but he has to trying start a business because his Willy wants him to fit his expectation of success. On the other hand, Happy, as the second son of Willy, does not receive any attention from his parents. He chooses to work in business is also because of Willy’s expectation. It is easy to tell that Happy is not as success as he wants in business. Therefore, Happy seeks the feeling of success from having affairs with his boss’s girlfriends, which is immoral and inappropriate for common sense. Happy’s bad and shameless behaviors with women are also because of Willy’s twisted education and unrealistic expectation. At the end of play, when Willy is broken-hearted and hopeless by Biff’s refusal of being a business man, Willy made his last sacrifice for his unfulfilled expectation. Before Willy commits suicide, Willy still believes that “one way or another Biff [is] gonna make it”. He desperately hopes Biff can achieve the expectation which he does not achieve in his life, which is to become a well-liked and respected person in business. Willy wants to achieve his expectation but finally he realizes he cannot. Therefore, he wants to make Biff to complete his unfulfilled expectations. Also, Willy is also certain that he will have a “massive” funeral with hundreds of people attending since he believes or he wants to show Biff that he is well-loved by buyers. Willy wants to encourage Biff to start a business under the aspirations of Willy’s popularity and twenty-thousands of insurance money. Ironically, there are only five people attained his funeral which also shows his unrealistic expectation is based on the Willy’s failure and meaningless sacrifice of himself and his family. Willy does not fulfill his unrealistic expectation all the time and as result, all his family suffers by his expectations, finically and mentally. Willy’s tragic death is not only because of his misunderstanding of expectation, also his wrongful attitude toward to life. Therefore, it is important for everybody to understand one’s expectations and wants when he is trying to giving up something for expectations.
The play, “Death of a Salesman” written by Arthur Miller, presents Willy Loman, as a salesman, who fails to earn a living and slowly loses his mind. Willy continuously seeks the past to find out where he went wrong. During his years in life, Willy wanted his two sons, Biff and Happy to become someone they’re not; Willy wanted them to become a salesman like him. However, because of his obsession in the American Dream of easy success and wealth, he created a life full of lies for himself and his sons. In the end because of “his misconception of himself as someone capable of greatness” leads to his downfall and the end of his life (Death of a Salesman).”
From the very beginning, we can see that Willy is unable to keep up with the competitive demands. This leads to him feeling hopeless because he is unable to support his family, which could possibly lead to them being in debt. As the story goes
Willy’s father, a “very great” and “wildhearted man,” made a living traveling and selling flutes, making “more in a week than a man like [Willy] could make in a lifetime” (Miller 34). Even though Willy barely knew his dad, he built him up in his head as an amazing person and role model, striving to be as “well liked” as him (Miller 34). Willy also idealizes his brother, Ben, as evidenced by his constant one-way conversations with him.... ... middle of paper ...
The first aspect of Willy's character that affected his failure was his pride. Willy's pride caused him to in many situations make very poor and unethical decisions, that affected both himself and his family. An example of this is through the conversation between Willy and Charley “CHARLEY: ‘You want a job?’ WILLY: ‘I got a job, I told you that. [After a slight pause] What the hell are you offering me a job for?’ CHARLEY: ‘Don’t get insulted.’ WILLY: Don’t insult me.”(DOAS: pg x) Willy does not take the offer which is an obvious example of a poor decision. He makes this decision because he sees this generous whole hearted gesture as a kind of pitiful handout that his pride restricts him from taking. By not taking this handout willy puts his self pride infront of
An additional segment of his common human nature is Willy's self-centeredness. Although one might say that the American Dream is imposed upon him by the society, Willy himself creates his dream. Willy supports this claim when he praises Dave Singleman's career to Howard: "And when I saw that, I realized that selling was the greatest career a man could want" (Miller 81). His nostalgia for a non-existing future is also proven by the fact that no one else in his environment has a similar, impossible dream: "If he were not wearing the rose colored glasses of the myth of the American Dream, he would see that Charley and his son are successful because of lifelong hard work and not because of the illusions of social popularity and physical appearances" (Spark 11). Surely the false ego and pride predicted to come from his assured success are the bridges that prevents Willy from seeing through his fake dream, pushing him to persuade the rest of his family to worship it along with him.
At the beginning of the play it is evident that he cannot determine the realities of life, and so he repeatedly contradicts himself to establish that his conclusion is correct and opinion accepted. These numerous contradictions demonstrate that Willy is perturbed of the possibility that negative judgements may come from others. Willy strongly believes that “personality always wins” and tells his sons that they should “be liked and (they) will never want”. In one of Willy’s flashbacks he recalls the time when his sons and him were outside cleaning their Chevy. Willy informs Biff and Happy the success of his business trips and how everyone residing in Boston adores him. He mentions that due to the admiration of people he does not even have to wait in lines. He ultimately teaches his sons that being liked by others is the way to fulfilling one’s life and removing your worries. These ideals, that one does not need to work for success, demonstrate Willy’s deluded belief of achieving a prosperous life from the admiration and acceptance of others. This ultimately proves to be a false ideology during his funeral, when an insufficient amount of people arrive. Willy constantly attempts to obtain other’s acceptance through his false tales that depict him as a strong, successful man. In the past, he attempts to lie to his wife, Linda, about the amount of wealth he has attained during his
Foremost, Willy has a problem with his inability to grasp reality. As he grows older his mind is starting to slip. For example, when he talks to the woman and his brother Ben. Throughout the story, Willy dreams of talking to the woman, because the woman is a person that he was dating in when he went to Boston. He was cheating behind his wife’s back. Willy basically uses her as a scapegoat when he’s hallucinating about her. He blames all of his problems on the woman. For instance Willy says, “ Cause you do… There’s so much I want to make for.” (38) This is the evidence right here. Also he dreams about his brother Ben. Willy wishes could be more like his brother who has just passed away a couple of months previously to the story. He also wishes he didn’t have to work and could be rich like Ben. He respects Ben for not really working and making a lot of money. Another example of Willy’s hallucinations are when he says,“ How are you all?” (45) This occurs when Willy is talking with Charley and he starts thinking about Ben. Willy’s inability to grasp reality never changed throughout the story.
Most of the story takes place in flashbacks that Willy experiences. Willy believed that he would’ve been able to achieve the American dream, which to him was to become a salesman, specifically similar to Dave Singleman, that could easily sell anything to anybody, if he worked hard enough for it. In the end this proved to not be a successful endeavor, and he dwells on the idea that if in the past he went with his brother to Alaska, he may have come out as successful and rich as he supposedly had. As stated in Cardullo’s reproduction of an essay written by David Mamet, some of Willy’s flashbacks may be inaccurate accounts of the past, as Willy seems to contradict himself, even immediately following something that he says, "I'm very well liked in Hartford. You know, the trouble is, people don't seem to take to me" (Cardullo). This demonstrates that perhaps Willy had no chance of ever reaching the American dream, as he may not have ever had the opportunity to go with his brother, he just thinks that he did.
Throughout the play, Willy can be seen as a failure. When he looks back on all his past decisions, he can only blame himself for his failures as a father, provider, and as a salesman (Abbotson 43). Slowly, Willy unintentionally reveals to us his moral limitations that frustrates him which hold him back from achieving the good father figure and a successful business man, showing us a sense of failure (Moss 46). For instance, even though Willy wants so badly to be successful, he wants to bring back the love and respect that he has lost from his family, showing us that in the process of wanting to be successful he failed to keep his family in mind (Centola On-line). This can be shown when Willy is talking to Ben and he says, “He’ll call you a coward…and a damned fool” (Miller 100-101). Willy responds in a frightful manner because he doesn’t want his family, es...
The second complication that destroys Willy is his aging. By getting older he can't do the things he used to do. His aging affects his work because he is not the salesman he once was. He is not making enough money to support his wife, Linda, and himself. Being 60, Willy is getting too old for the traveling he does for his work. Willy asks his boss, Howard, for a raise and Howard fires him. Willy is really worn out and Howard knows this. This situation in end destroys Willy's pride and he could never ask his sons for money.
Willy lived everyday of his life trying to become successful, well-off salesman. His self-image that he portrayed to others was a lie and he was even able to deceive himself with it. He traveled around the country selling his merchandise and maybe when he was younger, he was able to sell a lot and everyone like him, but Willy was still stuck with this image in his head and it was the image he let everyone else know about. In truth, Willy was a senile salesman who was no longer able to work doing what he's done for a lifetime. When he reaches the point where he can no longer handle working, he doesn't realize it, he puts his life in danger as well a others just because he's pig-headed and doesn't understand that he has to give up on his dream. He complains about a lot of things that occur in everyday life, and usually he's the cause of the problems. When he has to pay for the repair bills on the fridge, he bitches a lot and bad mouths Charley for buying the one he should of bought. The car having to be repaired is only because he crashes it because he doesn't pay attention and/or is trying to commit suicide. Willy should have settled with what he had and made the best of things. He shouldn't have tied to compete with everyone and just made the best decision for him using intelligence and practicality. Many of Willy's problems were self-inflicted, the reason they were self-inflicted was because he wanted to live the American dream. If he had changed his standards or just have been content with his life, his life problems would have been limited in amount and proportion.
His two sons had to carry upon themselves the ideals that his father placed on them after years and years of living inside his house; “Thus Willy's refusal to accept life on its own terms results in nothing but disorder and fragmentation for those he loves most.” (Scheidt) The Death of the Salesman is an example of the mindset that many people in America had back then, and can allow to an individual to see the desires that we share with Willy Loman in the present time such as cheating, lying and wrong perceptions about
"Willy Lomans life is just a meeting point, containing as it does, the contradictions of a culture whose dream of possibility has foundered on the banality of tus actualization, a culture that has lost its vision of transcendence, earthing it's aspirations so severely in the material world." (Bigsby pg. 1) Arthur millers story Death of a Salesman gives us a profile of a once well known man to a troubled father and husband to his family. Willy has a firm belief in what he thinks the perfect American Dream would be like and exactly how his sons biff and happy would achieve this dream. Willy believed good looks, material goods, and likeability would guarantee his sons this dream. Willy's perspective will eventually lead to his fall as the protagonist of the story. Willy also lies about many things throughout the story to make his image look better than he really is, "Linda asks how much Willy has sold and although he initially lies about the amount, Linda patiently waits for the truth, which is that he has barely made enough to pay the bills." (Arthur Miller)
Willy's goal throughout life was to climb out of his social class. As a salesman, Willy was a failure and he tried desperately to make his sons never end up like him. As a result, he loses his mind and his grasp on reality. Throughout the story, Willy often has flashbacks of the conversations that he and his brother Ben once had and the author intertwines them in past and present very nicely.
Willy is a multi-faceted character which Miller has portrayed a deep problem with sociological and psychological causes and done so with disturbing reality. In another time or another place Willy might have been successful and kept his Sanity, but as he grew up, society's values changed and he was left out in the cold. His foolish pride, bad judgment and his disloyalty are also at fault for his tragic end and the fact that he did not die the death of a salesman.