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War tactics used in vietnam
Military tactics vietnam
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James Anderson
Booby Traps and Rat Tunnels of Vietnam
1959-1975
Period 6
The Viet Cong was a political organization and had a military in South Vietnam that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War. It had both guerrilla and regular army units. They used warfare tactics that were somewhat unfamiliar to that generation of American soldiers. Those tactics were called booby traps and guerrilla warfare.
Vietnam was fought in a jungle that is, very dense in vegetation, which makes the jungle an ideal place to create some nasty booby traps. The Vietcong would often find a well-known American patrol routes and the Vietcong would set dozens of booby traps waiting for the American prey. As more and more American soldiers became aware of the serious threat of booby-traps, they were under huge physiological pressure. Just thinking the possibility of every step you take could very well be your last one, would make some people literally go crazy.
For the American soldiers in Vietnam, they had never seen anything like this before; they were fighting an enemy that they couldn’t even see. These Vietcong would launch surprise attacks at night, then they would all of the sudden disappear into the jungle. If the U.S. marines would try to go after the Vietcong, they would find themselves in a jungle ridden with booby traps waiting to go off on an unexpected victim. This strategy gave the Vietcong a huge advantage over the U.S. troops. It would put fear in the Vietcong’s enemies.
The word booby-trap originated between 1840-50, the word booby means, stupid or dumb person. (www.dictionary.com/boobytrap) Booby trap means to trap a stupid person apparently. The Vietcong did in fact perfect the...
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...ach it to the pin on the grenade; they hooked it to some sort of anchor. After the trap was armed and ready they would camouflage and disguise is so that it was almost unnoticeable to the American soldiers.
There are many different types of booby traps, offensive and defensive traps. The offensive was used to stop enemy U.S. troops from moving forward, and the defensive traps were you used to guard the Cu Chi tunnels or anything of importance to the Vietcong. As the American forces learned the hard way, guerilla warfare is a difficult way to fight a war. The use of Cu Chi tunnels and the various booby traps made life as an American soldier hard. Vietnam was a nasty war and be will always remembered for the ones who died and served our country. These American soldiers who fought in Vietnam learned the hard way that booby traps had a huge physiological impact on them.
The North Vietnamese Communist leadership's ability to reassess and adapt during the Vietnam War was reflected in how well they combined guerilla and conventional operations to achieve their strategic goal of unifying Vietnam under communist rule. Throughout the conflict, the Viet Cong (VC) were employed to conduct guerilla operations while North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and VC "main force" units were used to transition to conventional operations. Guerilla operations enabled Hanoi to inflict a steady flow of casualties on US forces which increased anti-war sentiment in America. NVA and VC main force conventional operations reinforced the US Army's conventional approach to the fight which caused the Americans to alienate the people of South Vietnam. By alienating the South Vietnamese people, the Americans enhanced the VC's ability to conduct guerilla operations and control rural population centers which weakened the credibility of the Government of South Vietnam (GVN). The combined effects of guerilla and conventional operations supported the North Vietnamese strategy of a protracted conflict that was sure to weaken the resolve of the United States and eventually defeat the GVN.
i. Difficulties faced by soldiers due to the nature of fighting in the Vietnam War - Personnel had difficulties with transportation supplied with adapted vehicles back seat faced rear to provide additional fire power (Source A) – It appears as if the government didn't worry enough to supply men with safe and capable equipment - Threat of traps led to fear as vehicles had to be parked on street at night (Source A) o Check for traps each morning became a daily ritual particularly in fuel tanks (Source A) o A request for a locking fuel cap was denied because weren’t entitled to one” (Source A) • What circumstances would have needed to arise for them to be entitled to one? The Offensive full guard was set up (24hrs a day), personnel got no sleep and were constantly on alert (Source A) – How significant would this have been in the personnel’s mental frame of mind?
The Vietnam War was, mentally and physically, one of the most brutal the United States has ever participated in. Our soldiers had to undergo daily miseries and sufferings which wore on them in body and mind. Dysentery was a common cause of physical wasting. Other diseases combined with the continuous rain and mud caused flesh to rot and made daily life that much more insufferable. Long periods of boredom would be broken by unexpected guerilla attacks or booby traps. The enemy rarely materialized long enough to be actively fought or even identified. Equally uncertain as who they were fighting was the answer to the question of what purpose they were fighting and dying for.
The U. S. Soldiers used the M-79 40mm, also known as the thumper, which looked like a sawed shotgun. It could fire up to 300 meters and fire a 6.5 pound grenade. The M-72 is a BBMM light anti-tank weapon that weighs 5.2 pounds. It was also used as a bunker buster and fired a 1 kg rocket that could travel 300 meters. (173dairborne)”
Most of the soldiers did not know what the overall purpose was of fighting the Vietnamese (Tessein). The young men “carried the soldier’s greatest fear, which was the fear of blushing. Men killed, and died, because they were embarrassed not to. It was what had brought them to the war in the first place” (O’Brien 21). The soldiers did not go to war for glory or honor, but simply to avoid the “blush of dishonor” (21). In fact, O’Brien states “It was not courage, exactly; the object was not valor. Rather, they were to...
The Vietnam War was a prolong struggle of communist faction forcing unification of north and South Vietnam. To prevent the spread of communism the United States allied with the South Vietnamese to fight back against the communist faction. The Vietnam War span over 18 years it was apparent that there was no way in winning the war. The U.S leaders lost the support of the American people in fighting a war we can’t win. The U.S leaders thought up and created an elite peace keeping force called the Green Berets. The Green Berets gained a lot of attention to the media through books, music, and movies. A compilation of short stories of the Vietnam War by Tim O’Brien is one of those books. In Tim O’Brien book there is a short story about the Green Berets called the Sweetheart of Song Throng Bong. In the story of Sweetheart we get a feel of how the Green Berets ours. The fictional story that Tim O’Brien wrote and many real accounts of the Green Berets shine a light own what the Green Berets really are rather than what the propaganda tells us. The Green Berets are the elite of their field, they hold a certain mystique around them, and we really don’t know what true from all the folklore we hear about them.
The Vietnam War was one of the most prolonged wars in US history. Although there were no exact dates, it is believed that US involvement lasted for around 20 years. The US went into this war hoping they could stop the spread of communism and defeat the northern Vietnamese. The battles were like nothing they had seen before and it was very difficult for the soldiers to differentiate between the enemies and civilians. To make it even more difficult for the soldiers, their “information was based on faulty intelligence”. Võ Nguyên Giáp, a northern Vietnamese general, believed that the US and the southern Vietnamese had an unstable relationship. He hoped that through the Tet Offensive the US would believe they were no longer worth defending. Fighting was done using guerrilla warfare which blurred the lines of legitimate and illegitimate killings and this had effect of bringing peoples morales down. Support for the war had always been split but this battle caused even the government to reconsider their involvement. The Tet offensive changed the US's attitude towards the Vietnam war by leading to further anti-war protests, a credibility gap in America, and for President Johnson to negotiate peace and not seek reelection.
against South Vietnam and the U.S. forces situated there. It was not only a psychological
During the Vietnam War on January 30th, 1968, the communist Vietnam troops in the North, with assistance from the Viet Cong, commenced a series of attacks against the forces in the south and the US, known as the famous “Tet Offensive.” The name “Tet Offensive” is derived from the most important holiday on the Vietnamese calendar. It is a celebration of the lunar New Year. General Vo Nguyen Giap, along with the forces in the north, decided to attack on this day because it is supposed to be a “truce period” between the north and south. On this day, the ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam) was at its lowest level of alertness. (Dunn, 2005) The offensive consisted of three phases. The first phase took place on January 31st and lasted until March 28th. During this phase, the North Vietnamese forces wanted to draw the allied forces out of heavily populated cities and lowlands and then launch attacks on those cities. (Staff, 2014) This was a major surprise. The second phase, also known as “mini-tet”, took place on May 5th and lasted through June 15th. This phase consisted of massive attacks on villages and cities aiming to hit 119 targets. (Staff, 2014) This phase was a complete failure. The last and final phase of the offensive ranged from August 17th to September 23rd. This attack consisted of more attacks on villages and cities and was handled only by the North Vietnamese soldiers, without the help of Viet Cong, ending in another failure. (Staff, 2014) The Tet Offensive was a highly publicized attack with the daily media coverage it received. It was also regarded to as one of the turning points of the Vietnam War. After the failed attacks of the North forces, Viet Cong was ruined as a military force. (Dunn, 2005)
On the ground, the United States squared up with the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army. The Viet Cong were mostly a Southern rebel group, comprised mainly of teenagers and younger adults from villages in South Vietnam. Since they lived among civilians, it was often impossible to distinguish between VC and civilian. Although many were motivated by idealism, they were also pressured and threatened into joining the ranks. They did however harbor serious doubts about their abilities to combat the Americans, heavily armed and well trained. Contrary to popular belief, the Viet Cong did not find combat often in comparison to the North Vietnamese Army. The People’s Army of Vietnam, commonly known as the North Vietnamese Army or NVA were the regular armed forces of North Vietnam. They had massive support from communist superpowers the USSR and China, receiving training, weapons and supplies. Lastly, the NVA were logistically superior to the United States. According to John M. Van Dyke’s Northern Vietnam’s Strategy for Survival, the NVA were often armed with black market weapons, and even captured U.S. weapons like the Thompson submac...
The Vietnam war has been referred to by many names, one of the longer ones was 'the cornerstone of the free world southeast Asia'. It was called that by John F. Kennedy. He was talking about Vietnam being and essential country in a non-communist world. He believed that if Vietnam became a communist country, all of the surrounding countries would also become communists. This is the main reason America was involved in the Vietnam war. Another reason was that America wanted to spread their “political ideas around the globe”. They wanted to do this so that their anti-communism stance was clear. The public also wanted to keep communism from spreading. To soldiers, the war was like a crusade, a great journey to purge the communists from Vietnam. Sadly, this is not what happened. The Viet Cong (VC) had far better tactics than the US. The VC was told to 'nibble at the enemy' so that he could 'neither eat or sleep'. This worked very well. Another demoralizing tactic the VC used was their landmines; they were designed to blow the limbs off the soldiers without killing them. This tied up hospital beds and meant the soldiers had to carry the wounded back to the base.
The Vietnam War was a traumatic experience for everyone that fought on the ground. American soldiers were up close and personal with the Viet Cong (enemy) which made them live in constant fear for their lives. They never knew how they would die or when they would take their last breath, and this thought was always in the back of their minds. The Vietnam War was very brutal, and the amount of death from both sides was enormous. Tim O’Brien’s story “The Things They Carried” is an accurate description of the Vietnam War. He paints a good, yet brief, description of what the war was like for the American soldiers who fought on the front lines.
In order to fight, they had to learn how to speak the Vietnamese language and they learned how to use the weapons that they were using (Friedel).The United States had to work hard in order to fight in Vietnam. The United States was in favor of South Vietnam (fallstrom).They wanted to help them beat the North (Friedel). The United States believed that Vietnam shouldn’t be a communist country. President Johnson was tired of the war and believed bombing North Vietnam would help end the war (locker). But indeed it didn’t end it. The war didn’t end up ending until two years after the United States left the war (fallstrom). At the end of the war there was about 58000 Americans that had died (fallstrom). Many soldiers came back with “physiological trauma” and had to go to therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Vietnam syndrome (freidman). The causes of the war led to very emotional times for not only the families and loved ones but by the soldiers who had to face the horrific war. All-in-all despite the horrible outcomes for the soldiers with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or Vietnam syndrome, the United States helped South Vietnam and North Vietnam become unified into one
"Of all the Wars in which Americans have fought Vietnam was without a doubt the one in which soldiers experienced the greatest psychological difficulties" (Welsh 58). In the Vietnam war the enemy didn't have a uniform, they could be hidden in with some of your allies this caused a lot of confusion and led to the saying "I wasn't really sure what was going on," and is probably the key reason why there are so many PTSD sufferers (Welsh 58).
Its purpose was to demonstrate America’s air supremacy in an effort to demoralize North Vietnam's Communist leaders (Ho Chi Minh) and to reduce their ability to carry out attacks against South Vietnam, supported by the United States. The four main objectives of this operation were to destroy North Vietnam’s industrial foundation, transportation systems, and air defenses, stop the flow of troops and supplies, to boost the morale of the South Vietnamese and to sway North Vietnam’s support of communist insurgency in South Vietnam.