In Salem, the governmental system is theocracy. In a theocracy, the church makes and enforces the laws, which were created through divine guidance. In such a case, the church officials take a high ranking in society. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, it is this government that helps propel the action in the play forward.
The problem that exists within theocracy is it is biased and fails in the aspect of checks and balances. This means that the government is based upon religious ideologies, so if one were to disobey the church, they were disobeying the law and faced severe punishment because of the overlap between church and state. A great example of this is the girls dancing in the woods. Because it is against their religion to dance, the law also punishes the girls. And by disobeying their religion like that, there is enough evidence they are to do with witches. Another example is the Proctors. Although Elizabeth is deeply devoted to religion, John does not always go to church on Sundays, has not gotten his third child baptized and cannot recall all ten of the Ten Commandments. As a result of this, accusations of witchcraft upon the Proctor family are inevitable. Reverend Hale wants to prevent this and tells the Proctors, “God keep you both; let the third child be quickly baptized, and go you without fail each Sunday in to Sabbath prayer; and keep a solemn, quiet way among you”(70). If the Proctors cover up their faults in their religious duties, accusations will not come upon them. Because the Church and State are so closely tied in Salem, faltering in church, means faltering with the law.
7. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the plot is filled with copious amounts of grudges between characters. It is these enmities that cause...
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... Danforth as if she has an all-knowing power handed to her by God. The witch trials supply previously powerless people with an abundance of power that is used to impose harm unfortunately.
The witch trials allow characters, other than the girls to gain the power kill people by calling them a witch, therefore allowing himself to win land disputes, much in his favor. For instance, in the ongoing altercation between Mr. Putnam, Proctor and Giles Corey, one of them might benefit from accusing the others of witchcraft to finally settle the land disputes in his favor. The trials lay a perfect backdrop for gaining power to those who have never dealt with it before the trials.
This unfortunate supply of power lands in the wrong hands as a result of the witch trials. And when power and jealousy mix, unfortunately those who hold the power use it in a myriad of hurtful ways.
Authors often have underlying reasons for giving their stories certain themes or settings. Arthur Miller’s masterpiece, The Crucible, is a work of art inspired by actual events as a response to political and moral issues. Set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, The Crucible proves to have its roots in events of the 1950’s and 1960’s, such as the activities of the House Un-American Committee and the “Red Scare.” Though the play provides an accurate account of the Salem witch trials, its real achievement lies in the many important issues of Miller’s time that it dealswith.
I feel that the most important part of the dialogue is the last quotation by Hale showing this idea of theology not being allowed to have cracks in it. This is not only is general theology, but also is a metaphor for their Quaker society. John Proctor is seen as a crack in their society because he can only say nine of the Ten Commandments. Judging by his tone, however, he knows the tenth commandment, but since he broke it he is unwilling to say it. However, Hale doesn’t know this and just believes that he doesn’t follow the Theocratic rule. Proctors’ actions in this dialogue are pivotal to the understanding of the reasoning behind the Salem Witch Trials because it shows how much of an emphasis was on religion. They were unwilling to accept those who did not fit with the societal norm and instead of accepting those people; the people instantly assumed that they were witches just because of the societal norm. This led to a large amount of people being accused because they were outcasts. This is very hypocritical because the Bible speaks of tolerance and Salem is executing people who are
Vengeance plays a key role in causing the mass hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials. Abigail Williams, who?s probably most to blame for the trials, acts out of revenge. She and John Proctor have had an affair and when Elizabeth Proctor finds out, she throws Abigail out of their house. During the trials, Abigail is still in love with John Proctor and goes after Elizabeth out of vengeance. Elizabeth tries to explain this to John, who is in disbelief: she ?thinks to kill me, then to take my place? (61). Abigail?s main motive for destroying Elizabeth is revenge for being thrown out of the house and for having John Proctor, the man that she loves. Another character who seeks revenge is Mrs. Putnam, who has had seven children die shortly after childbirth and blames her midwife, who has many children. Rebecca Nurse is charged ?for the marvelous and supernatural murder of Goody Putnam?s babies? (71). The trials are an opportunity for Ann Putnam to seek vengeance against Rebecca for having healthy children and grandchild...
Although heteronomous obedience may be a benefit for everyone, this form of obedience could lead to the destruction of a town, or better yet, a civilization. The most important form of obedience are principles and intuitions fixed within the daily instincts of everyday life; the type of obedience that reveals what is right from what is wrong. As it is revealed in The Crucible, autonomous obedience must be followed. Although it did lead to John Proctor’s demise, it revealed to the town that he was willing to surrender his life so he wouldn’t be required to lie. This allowed them to understand that if he truly was the “witch” they accused him of, he would have never been willing to end his life over the issue. Instead, like an honest, Puritan Christian, Proctor upheld his loyalty to God and chose to make a statement to all of those in Massachusetts. It was because of him, that the town finally realized that they had been accusing the wrong individuals, and shouldn’t have been convicting innocents of crimes without factual evidence. It was because of one person’s decision to follow autonomous obedience that the town of Salem was not completely
Life as a human is dictated by an inborn hunger or purpose, and people, in general, will act on this hunger for their own personal gain in their individual ways. This hunger, be it for wealth, land, love, power, revenge, or pride, can, and will be the undoing or failing of all mankind as Miller so clearly points out in his play 'The Crucible';. This essay will explore the motives of characters within the play and even the motives of Arthur Miller himself and therefore show how conflict stems from certain recognisable human failings including those mentioned above, fear, and hysteria.
John Proctor had broken some religious laws, including, working on the Sabbath day, adultery, and others, but witchcraft wasn 't one of them. John Proctor, though, was accused of witchcraft as a result of all the mass hysteria that had taken place. He, in fact, did not commit the crime of witchcraft though. John Proctor was urged to confess to doing the act of witchcraft and initially did. Reverend Hale had been asked to come to Salem to reconnoiter the area to see for sure if Lucifer was involved with the current events that had taken place. Reverend Hale soon realized all the lunacy that was taking place and began to suspect that the girls accusing everyone were pretending. His prediction was correct. When John Proctor was condemned, Reverend Hale was doing everything in his will power in order to persuade John to confess to witchcraft. If Mr. Proctor did this, he would be freed and his name would be written on the church. If he did not confess, though, he would be hanged by a noose. So this is why Reverend Hale urged John Proctor to
Arthur Miller expresses the concept of oppression being present in every society through the characters of The Crucible. "It is still impossible for man to organize his social life without repressions." As discussed, personal motives, disputes and misuses of power, as well as distorted religious beliefs are the roots of the maltreatment in Salem. Miller’s statement and message is valid and applicable in every society, and for every
The Crucible is a play with many underlying messages and themes. One of which is the idea of power. Power is a very important term in this play in that whoever holds the power, holds the fates of others. The hysteria within Salem has directly effected society. Everything has turned upside down and has gotten distorted. Arthur Miller is telling us that all the power in Salem is given to those who are corrupt and their abuse of it is directly shown through: the actions of Abigail throughout the play, the corruption and desires of Parris, as well as the witch trials held by Judge Danforth.
Explore Miller’s dramatic presentation and development of the theme of power and authority. Even though The Crucible is not historically correct, nor is it a perfect allegory for anti-Communism, or as a faithful account of the Salem trials, it still stands out as a powerful and timeless depiction of how intolerance, hysteria, power and authority is able to tear a community apart. The most important of these is the nature of power, authority and its costly, and overwhelming results. “But you must understand, sir, that a person is either with this court or against it,” says Danforth conceitedly. With this antithesis, Miller sums up the attitude of the authorities towards the witch trials that if one goes against the judgement of the court
You had to attend Church every single day, the most important being Sunday, and that already itself shows you how strict the religion is. However, with that strictness it does not apply to John Proctor at all. As I mentioned earlier attendance of Church is very important, but in this case John Proctor did not attend in some weeks showing the signs of rebellion ‘…a minister may pray to God without he have golden candlesticks upon the altar’. We see how John Proctor is refusing to go to Church and pray and that is a clear sign of rebellion against the authority, but as well as that we see the other side of him. This meaning that he believes in God and prays to him directly without needing the ‘golden candlesticks’ or actually going to church, in addition to that he does not need people knowing if he has gone to church or not. He has a mind-set that only God should know if he has prayed or that he has confessed to his sins. No one in the town should know information about that other than God himself ‘God does not need my name nailed upon the church! God sees my
In the play, Puritanism and their beliefs and values ruled Salem. Puritanism are a close community that follow a strict set of rules; there is little freedom for individuals. Individuals who are independent or do not conform to their values are immediately seen as threats to the community. The character of John Proctor is an example of a non-conformist as he believes in justice. Proctor’s sarcastic remark against Reverend Parris: “I like not the smell of this ‘authority,’” highlights his disagreement with Parris’s power and values. The sensory imagery emphasises Proctor’s non-conformist attitude and shows his deviance towards Parris, who is considered the highest power in society as he is the man closest to God. Proctor’s blasphemous exclaim: “I say God is dead!,” is a subversion of the Puritan society and theocratic values. The high modality emphasises his rebellion against Puritanism and emphasises his nonconforming nature. His refusal to conform to the Puritan values ultimately ends in his demise. The ripping of his confession and death symbolises his refusal to conform and his integrity; he does not want to be used to justify the witch hunt and the injustices the court has done. He does not want the other people to be seen as guilty for their crimes, when they weren’t; he does not want to be seen by others as a symbol of falseness
After all of the witch trials in 1692 concluded a total of 20 people were hanged all because of people craving attention and personal gain. There are three people depicted in Arthur Miller's The Crucible that are most responsible for this and they are, Abigail Williams, Judge Danforth, and Thomas Putnam. Abigail Williams is mostly responsible for the Salem witch trials because she was the first person to start accusing innocent people of witchcraft. Judge Danforth is responsible because he is not concerned about justice, all he cares about is being correct about the witch trials. Lastly Thomas Putnam is guilty of causing the witch trials because he was able to have people accuse other people so he could claim their land for himself. The witch trials were a senseless massacre and all because Abigail Williams, Judge Danforth, and Thomas Putnam were only concerned about them selves, not the innocent ones around them.
The deterioration of Salem's social structure precipitated the murders of many innocent people. Arthur Miller's depiction of the Salem witch trials, The Crucible, deals with a community that starts out looking like it is tightly knit and church loving. It turns out that once Tituba starts pointing her finger at the witches, the community starts pointing their fingers at each other. Hysteria and hidden agendas break down the social structure and then everyone must protect themselves from the people that they thought were their friends. The togetherness of the community, the church and legal system died so that the children could protect their families' social status.
The issues of power, that Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, portrays are concerned with, who has the power, the shifts of power that take place and how power can consume people and try to abuse it, for either vengeance, jealously, material gain or sexual desire.
The witch is both vulnerable and a powerful figure. The resulting tension between power and powerlessness as a response to laws created by those in power, rather institutionalised power: men, can be seen as expressed through such binary metaphors as that of physical strength and beauty versus weakness and ugliness, kn...