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Brief history of computers
Brief history of computers
History of the development of computers
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Technology is always changing to meet our needs. As a society that relies on technology everyday it is safe to say that from twenty years from now computers will be an even larger part of our lives. Computers have followed a concept called Moore's law, which states that computer speed will double every eighteen months. This means that computers available now are about twice as fast as the fastest ones available eighteen months ago. If computers follow this law, in about twenty years computers will be far superior to modern ones. Computers will be cost efficient, smaller, and more widespread. In the future more devices will connect to the internet and people will hardly be offline.
In 1964 what started out as machines used for calculating complex problems turned into technology that can be more accessible to the public when Douglas Engelbart shows a prototype of the modern computer, with a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI). The computer was created to solve a serious number-crunching crisis. By 1880 the U.S. population had grown so large that it took more than seven years to calculate the U.S. Census. The government required a faster way to get the job done, which led to the creation of punch card computers which were as large as an entire room. (livescience) The computer has come a long way in the past 40 years. In 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple Computers, but it wouldn't be until 1983 that Apple would release a computer with a GUI(graphical user interface). A GUI uses windows, icons, and text that can be manipulated by a person to communicate to the computer. Two years later Microsoft launched Windows, which is their response to Apple.
In 1993 the Pentium microprocessor is released which integrates th...
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...iguring out how to measure a person's brainwaves. This technology has been seen in toys right now by using a wired hat. This could be used to wirelessly transmit brainwaves to a computer.
Computers have seen a lot of advancement over the years, and there has been no sign of slowing. With processors getting smaller and smaller the capacity for small computers is increasing. Smart phones, tablets, and notebook laptops have taken over the desktop and with new quantum technology transistors will become obsolete, thus rendering modern processors a thing of the past. Also computers will not need to be controlled by a mouse and keyboard, but with brainwaves, speech, and touch. Touch has already changed the world of computers and speech programs are already in development. It is safe to say that in the next twenty years people will see huge leaps in the field of computers.
The original user interfaces for computers were command line interfaces. These were useful, but it was really hard to learn since the user had to know text command to accomplish anything. After the command line, an intermediate step in user interface development was the non-graphical menu based interface, which let you interact by using a mouse rather than by having to type in complicated keyboard commands (5). In 1984, Apple launched the Macintosh, it was the first affordable home computer that used a graphical user interface and a mouse. A short while later, Microsoft developed Windows, a GUI operating system for a PC. Although these were the first home computers to use a GUI, Apple and Microsoft were not the first to invent it. Steve Jobs, one of the founders of Apple, saw some of the potential in the graphical user interface visiting Xerox. Some say that is where Jobs got his ideas for the GUI found o...
In 1953 it was estimated that there were 100 computers in the world. Computers built between 1959 and 1964 are often regarded as the "second generation" computers, based on transistors and printed circuits - resulting in much smaller computers. 1964 the programming language PL/1 released by IBM. 1964 the launch of IBM 360. These first series of compatible computers. In 1970 Intel introduced the first RAM chip. In 1975 IBM 5100 was released. In 1976 the Apple Computer Inc. was founded, to market Apple I Computer. Designed to Stephen Wozinak and Stephan Jobs. In 1979 the first compact disk was released around 1981 IBM announced PC, the standard model was sold for $2,880.00.
Technology as been around for a very long time and it is no surprise that the world is where they are today in technology progression. My expectations about technology and the future is that it will continue to progress and assist people across the world. Technology has become a thing that supports human life from helping with simple tasks to becoming a necessary device. As technology improves the dependence and need for it will increase but the inability to do so much more will decrease. I expect technology to help in ways unimaginable to humans but in reality technology in the future will attempt to assist humans leaving them to depend on it. Technology and the future will always go hand and hand because technology is something that the world is proud of and dependent on. So as time goes by people will always be working hard to improve and progress.
The only that progressed is how we’ve given the instructions used to tell the computer what to with the data: flipping switches by hand (machine code) which was an awful painful task, later computer languages (English words computers could translate into binary code) were created making programming much easier only needing to type lists of instructions. The sole reason personal computer exist right now is because back then computer terminals were uncommon, only inhabiting institutions but these fascinated nerds wanted their very own computers. However, there was a technological breakthrough required to make their dream a reality. The microprocessor chip invented by Intel, consisting millions of transistors etched in silicon replacing the once needed valves helping miniaturize huge mainframe computers into the personal computer we know
Technology does seem to move too fast and maybe we should mourn what we are leaving behind. But then again, people that like to reminisce about the past can also be left behind like it. Sometimes, it is important to stop living in the past and better your future. The articles “ How Computers Change the Way We Think” and “ Electronic Intimacy” both made amazing arguments, but like I said, it all depends on how technology is used. Technology does seem to have the power to push us further or closer to each other, but at the end of the day, it is just another tool
Another example of the change in our technology over the last century is the change in the computer. In 1946, the first electronic computer called the ENIAC took up the space of a large room. Instead of using transistors and IC chips, the ENIAC used vacuum tubes. Compared to many computers now, the ENIAC is about as powerful as a small calculator. That may not be much, but it is a milestone because there would not be computers today if it were not for the ENIAC. As the years passed, the computer became smaller and more powerful. Today, more than half of the American population has a computer in their home. The personal computers today are thousands of times more powerful than the most powerful computers fifty years ago.
From primitive abaci to lab tops and calculators, the computer has evolved through time to become the essential part of our technocratic society. The development of the computer has shaped the way technology and science is viewed in different cultures around the world. The connotation of what a computer is nowadays brings to mind a monitor, keyboard, processor and its other electronic components; however, that is not how things have always been. From the Chinese using abaci to count, to the Druids' usage of stones to follow the seasonal changes, to the Europeans using Pascalines and calculators to work out mathematical problems the concept of the computer has been around for hundreds of years (Hoyle). Therefore, the history of computers is important to observe not only for the influence it brought to our culture, but the progress it has made through time.
Computer is playing a more and more important role in our daily life. People using their computers nearly every minutes, while they are traveling on the public transports, working in their office, studying at school and entertaining at home. This article would describe the current status of computers, criticize the current status, discuss the future trends of computers and describe a few wishes of mine towards the future of computers.
Finally in 1945 the first computer as we know it today was completed, ENIAC as it was called could perform calculations in hours which would take a human years to finish. ENIAC had plenty of drawbacks though, first and foremost its size, and secondly the 18,000 tubes it took to run it. ENIAC and UNIVAC, which came shortly after, were indisputably the greatest advances in technology of all time, but they were still useless to the mass majority due to size, cost and time of construction. The invention of the transistor in 1947 solved this problem for the most part, allowing computers to become smaller and more reliable. But alas due to the cost only the largest of private companies and governments could use the machines. By 1964 this had changed, International Business Machines or IBM as we know them today introduced the system 360 mainframe, a solid state semi portable computer which could handle many types of data and allowed many conventional businesses to enter the computer age.
To remain competitive and employable in the twenty-first century workplace, society today must conform to the changing demands. Technology is one of the principal driving forces of the future; it is transforming our lives and shaping our future at rates unprecedented in history, with profound implications, which we cannot even begin to see or understand.
The first personal computer took up an entire room. ENIAC was 1,800 square feet in size and only did a few basic functions. Modern day PCs have more processing power, which means the user can do multiple tasks at one time. Personal computers have drastically changed since its invention. All in all, personal computers have gotten cheaper, smaller, and can do more than one function.
Where is the future of computers and computer intelligence heading? Is it good? Is it the wrong direction yet the right track? A look into the past, the present, and the future of computers will likely make up the mind of a person who hasn’t thought about this topic. From a humanist stand point, I do not think the future is bright but from a computer development stand point, the future look endless.
Supercomputers will be known as a representation of a nation technology development and research. Research show that’s personal computer/laptop will be as fast as 10 times then supercomputers with advanced technology, as for supercomputers it will be as fast as thousand times then current supercomputers. In order to keep up with research, calculation, stimulator and prediction, more powerful supercomputers is needed to do the job. Scientist say in the future Supercomputer will have aritifical intelligence which can act as the human
Modern society heavily depends on the abilities of computers, Information Technology, and information processing. As such, since access to information occurs mainly through digital means and media, the way information is arranged and presented on the screen is crucial. Because of this need for fast access and easy arrangement arose, in the early 1980s, companies started to work on various graphical user interfaces (or GUI for short). Most dictionaries define a GUI as ‘a way of arranging information on a computer screen that is easy to understand and use because it uses icons, menus and a mouse rather than only text.’ Introducing such software allowed a human-computer interaction on a visual plane, and took computing to an entirely new level of experience. The first GUI started to emerge, as stated above, in the early 1980s, and within the last 3 decades have completely dominated the way in which human-computer communication occurs. Although some sources argue about it, it is acknowledged that the first company to use a proper graphical user interface was Apple. In 1984 they released the Macintosh computer, which used a graphical system to present information on the screen using boxes and taskbars, and utilized a revolutionary pointer device, now widely known as the mouse. Following this event, other companies started releasing their versions of GUI based operating systems, until in 1995 Microsoft presented Windows 95, which soon became a dominant power on the market, and along with its later installments, led Microsoft to be the IT giant of the 20th century. Since its appearance, the GUI have greatly influenced the IT-centered society, and the role computing and digital devices play in its growth.
As far as computers in the future, I feel that they are going to play a major role. They will be in everyday life, in everything we do. There will be many areas affected by the wide use of computers. Areas such as: home, work, schools, automobiles, electronics, and humans. Although these areas are already affected, they will be even more as we move into the future.