Essay On Texas Unification

Almost immediately after the proclamation of an independent Texas in his government, a group of supporters of unification with the US, led by one of the leaders of the Texas revolution, Sam Houston, was formed. In August 1837, the Texas ambassador addressed the US President Martin Van Buren with a request to admit the republic to the Union, but because of the possible exacerbation of relations with Mexico, this proposal was rejected. In 1838, the leader of the nationalists, Mirabeau Lamar, became the President of Texas, who considered it necessary to preserve the sovereignty of Texas, and the question of unification with the US was temporarily removed from the agenda. Nevertheless, a few years later, by the mid-forties of the nineteenth century,

it became clear that the young state could not provide either its financial independence or protection against attacks by the Indians and who did not officially recognize the independence of Texas of Mexico.
In November 1844, James Polk was elected President of the United States, one of the points of the electoral program of which was support for the idea of the annexation of Texas.

Realizing that public opinion in the United States was in favor of including the Republic of Texas in the United States, then acting President John Tyler initiated the adoption by the US Congress of a resolution on this issue. On February 28, 1845, the Congress adopted a corresponding decision.

American proposals for annexation were transferred to the government of the Republic, and already on July 4, 1845, Texas legislators approved them. On October 13, the new Constitution of Texas was adopted, and on December 29, 1845, officially Texas became the twenty-eighth state of the United States, and also the first (and only today, which before joining the federation was an independent state (they declared their sovereignty before joining the union also Vermont and California, but, unlike Texas, they were not recognized by any country in the

world).
Mexico, which continued to consider Texas its territory, was extremely outraged by its annexation. In the summer of 1845, US President James Polk sent troops to Texas, and in the autumn of the same year the United States asked Mexico to sell the lands of the provinces of Nuevo Mexico (which included the territories of the modern states of New Mexico, West Texas, and partly Kansas, Colorado and Oklahoma) and Alta California (modern California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, as well as the west of Colorado and southwest of Wyoming). Under pressure from public opinion, the Mexican government was forced to abandon US proposals, President José de Herrera, who advocated a peaceful solution to the conflict, was removed, and the new leaders of the state officially confirmed their claims to Texas.
In the spring of 1846, units of the US Army led by General Zachary Taylor (future US President) built a temporary fortification on the north bank of the Rio Grande, called Fort Texas.

Mexicans who considered these lands their own, and the actions of the United States Army as an invasion, on April 25, 1846, attacked a detachment of American Dragoons. This episode, known as the Thornton Affair (after the commander of the American Cavalrymen) served as a formal occasion for the outbreak of hostilities between the United States of America and Mexico. May 13, 1846, the declaration of war was approved by the US Congress. The war lasted almost two years; most of its battles took place on the territory of Mexico. On February 2, 1848, a peace treaty was signed, one of the conditions of which was Mexico's refusal to claim

Texas.

In the late forties - early fifties of the 19 century, the population of Texas grew rapidly, including due to the numerous immigrants from Europe. At the same time, the development of new lands was complicated by the constant conflicts of immigrants with the Indians. Territories in the west of modern Texas and Oklahoma, southwestern Kansas, southeastern Colorado and eastern New Mexico from the middle of the 18 century and until the middle of the 19 century were controlled by the militant tribes of the Comanche people and were called the Comanche. Constant attacks on settlements of Europeans, murders, robberies, and arsons made the Comanche sworn enemies of the Texans. Before joining the US, Texas did not have the strength to solve the "Indian issue," but in the fifties, Texas Rangers and the United States Army repeatedly attacked the Comanche. The first successful offensive against the Comanche was in 1858 the "Antelope Hills" expedition, during which the Rangers, led by Captain John Ford and with the support of the Indian allies, penetrated deeply into the Comanche lands and defeated them in several battles. The final expulsion of the Indians from Texas was delayed by the civil war that began in the US and ended only in the seventies of the century before last.
The basis of the Texas economy in the middle of the 19 century was the "King-Cotton," which was grown, black slaves. Texas initially became part of the United States as a slave state and in 1860 slaves accounted for about 30% of its population. February 1, 1861, Texas announced its withdrawal from the US, and on March 2, "The State of a Lonely Star" became one of the seven founders of the Confederate States of America. Sam Houston, then the governor of Texas, refused to swear allegiance to the Confederacy and were dismissed from his post.
In the first years after the end of the war in Texas, there were many gangs, most of which were based on Indian territories. Gradually, the state was restored order, and on March 30, 1870, the US Congress again took Texas into the United States of America. In 1876, the Constitution of Texas was adopted, which is still in effect.
In the post-war years, oil extraction and refining continued to be the basis of the Texas economy, but at the same time, other high-tech industries, including high-tech industries, developed successfully. For example, Texas became one of the centers of the space program of the United States of America, in 1961 in Houston was created the NASA Center for Manned Flight, and later renamed the Lyndon Johnson Space Center. November 22, 1963, in Dallas, the thirty-fifth US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed. This tragedy shocked America, and the circumstances of the Kennedy assassination still serve as subjects of numerous disputes and theories. In the nineties of the 20 century, Texas overtook the number of people in New York State, becoming the second largest (after California) state of the United States.