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The use of symbols and symbolism in the novel The Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison
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African American writer, Ralph Ellison’s The Invisible Man incorporates many symbols throughout the 581 paged novel. One symbol that stood out the most was the symbol of the the dark-lensed glasses. When the invisible man put on these glasses, the city of Harlem identifies him as a man named Rinehart. The glasses represent a new identity and safe cloak for the narrator when he wants to be someone different from whom he truly is. When he wears the glasses, the invisible man finds himself acting differently, acting like Rinehart. It is interpreted throughout the story that the invisible man finds it simpler to inhabit a new role. Ellison included this into his novel because he wanted to display that when you go unnoticed it can be difficult,
In 1952, Ralph Ellison published the only novel of his career: Invisible Man; telling the story of an unnamed “invisible” narrator. Early on, the narrator delineates his invisibility to “people refus[ing] to see [him];” society neglects to see him as a result of his black lineage (Ellison 3). Ellison incorporates several objects, frequently appearing and reappearing throughout the novel, to expose social and intellectual issues imposed on the black community. Amid the “procession of tangible, material objects” moving “in and out of the text” is the dancing Sambo doll whose purpose is to symbolically represent cruel stereotypes and the destructive power of injustice that blacks fall victim to (Lucas 172). Ellison’s rendering of the small paper dolls, representing obedient black slaves, “unveils an astonishing correspondence between the past and the present” and functions as a force to the narrator’s most essential consciousness of his environment and identity (Lucas 173). The Sambo, whose sole purpose was to entertain the white community, further functions to symbolize, through its stereotype, the power whites have to control the movements of African Americans.
When looking into the inner workings of a machine, one does not see each individual gear as being separate, but as an essential part of a larger system. The cogs on the gear move in a way that losing one would cause the entire machine to fail. This concept of mechanics lays the foundation to many issues touched on in Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison. The machine imagery comes through in two conversations with men that the narrator may idolize, though he – the invisible man – does not realize this at the time. The first of these conversations is with the veteran, while the second is with Lucius Brockway. Though the two may not qualify as “main characters,” they both play a crucial role, or as two gears in the system of Invisible Man. While one has a more literal focus on machineries than the other, both men have similar ideas of the topics they inadvertently discuss. Both discussions pave the way to the narrator’s awakening and the realization of his use in the general public; the realization that the narrator is a gear in civilization. Within Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, the invisible man’s various interactions with people regarding machines allow him to acquire knowledge in regard to the mechanics of society; this allows him to progress from an invisible “mechanical man,” to a man who implements his newfound awareness to embrace the power of his invisibility.
Towards the end of the book “Invisible Man” by Ralph Ellison, the narrator who remains unnamed thought the entire book, risks his life to save a briefcase filled with seemingly random assorted items. But later in the book the narrator is forced to burn the items in his briefcase in order to find his way out of a sewer he gets stuck in. Closer reading reveals that the items in his briefcase are more than random assorted items, but instead are symbols. Each one of those symbols represents a point in the narrator’s life where he is either betrayed or made “invisible” by the people around him. Through the book the two main recurring themes are betrayal and invisibility and the narrator keeps these symbols with him because they represent who he is.
Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man depicts a realistic society where white people act as if black people are less than human. Ellison uses papers and letters to show the narrator’s poor position in this society.
In Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Man, the main character is faced with challenges that he must overcome to survive. Most of the challenges he faces are straightforward; however, he ends up losing to his surroundings. When he makes a speech to calm a disorderly group, he ends up unwittingly naming himself their leader, thus, changing a slightly rowdy group into a mob primed for racial rioting. How can someone's speech be manipulated into having a meaning the complete opposite of the original intent? The Invisible Man's audience decides that they are only willing to listen to a speaker presenting what they want to hear. Due to a handicap of inexperience in public speaking, his effort to calm the crowd is used by the crowd, to forcefully name him the leading figure of an unreasonable mob.
In Ralph Ellison's novel, Invisible Man, the narrator must go through a journey of self discovery. He does not identify himself with the black people, nor is he a part of the white culture. Throughout the novel, Ellison uses the bird motif emphasize the personalities of the groups that he is describing. In his humble beginnings the narrator's greatest desire is to achieve the power that would earn him respect from all races of people. He attempts to achieve this by adapting white ideals and adopting white customs. With the opportunity of going to New York, the narrator's future is open to many possibilities. "Man's hope can paint a purple picture, can transform a soaring vulture into a noble eagle or a moaning dove"(126).
Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man tells of one man's realizations of the world. This man, the invisible man, comes to realize through experience what the world is really like. He realizes that there is illusion and there is reality, and reality is seen through light. The Invisible Man says, "Nothing, storm or flood, must get in the way of our need for light and ever more and brighter light. The truth is the light and light is the truth" (7). Ellison uses light as a symbol for this truth, or reality of the world, along with contrasts between dark/light and black/white to help show the invisible man's evolving understanding of the concept that the people of the world need to be shown their true ways. The invisible man becomes aware of the world's truth through time and only then is he able to fully understand the world in which he lives.
Throughout the novel, Ralph Ellison used symbols to tell his story in a powerful and vivid way. He was successful in using literally devices that engaged and entertained his audience. The blindfold was a symbol of oppression as well as blacks’ struggle for equality and an ironic symbol of individuality and insight. Generally, the novel was able to deliver an important message about societies’ struggle for dominance on one hand; and a way of making oneself free from such brutal treatment. It clearly showed that respect for one another; and one’s identity is the only way of solving conflicts and a way to live in peace.
The narrator of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man is the victim of his own naiveté. Throughout the novel he trusts that various people and groups are helping him when in reality they are using him for their own benefit. They give him the illusion that he is useful and important, all the while running him in circles. Ellison uses much symbolism in his book, some blatant and some hard to perceive, but nothing embodies the oppression and deception of the white hierarchy surrounding him better than his treasured briefcase, one of the most important symbols in the book.
Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man is a rich symbol mine. Valuable gems of all shapes and colors appear throughout the novel, especially at key plot points: oil and milk run down Harlem streets during a race riot, Brother Tod Clifton sells Sambo the Dancing Doll after quitting the brotherhood, and the Invisible Man receives a briefcase at the same time as his college scholarship. The narrator also remembered a veil lifted from or lowered onto a bronze kneeling slave. In fact, veils pop up at many points along the storyline.
In the Invisible man Ralph ellison uses a great deal of symbolism. Such as the poem The Caged Bird sings. Ellison compares the narrators situation in life to the Caged bird In the Caged Bird poem. Just like the caged bird the narrator is feels caged and trapped. The narrator is trapped within a certain social class and the way white society expects him to behave, and how he should behave to his fellow blacks. For instance trueblood receiving money and kindness from white people after they hear his story of him raping his own daughter because of a dream. Though the black community ridiculed him, the whites were interested in the story and showed him a sort of praise. Wanting the blacks to behave more animalistic and ignorant rather than “rational” such as themselves. Another form of symbolism has to be the narrator's bus ride in New York. He hears a song being sung that he knows about a robin getting tied up and plucked. The narrator compa...
A prominent motif in Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison is blindness, which is analogous to naiveté. Blindness is an important concept in this novel because it is used to represent that people are unwilling to really look at something, at what they are being forced to go through, so they continue to go about their business unawares to what is the real root of evil in their society. The narrator begins the story as a naïve young man, but he escapes as a self-aware and more educated human being, although through gaining his knowledge he loses his entire identity.
Being in a state of emotional discomfort is almost like being insane. For the person in this discomfort they feel deranged and confused and for onlookers they look as if they have escaped a mental hospital. On The first page of chapter fifteen in the novel Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, the main character is in a state of total discomfort and feels as if he is going mad. From the reader’s perspective it seems as if he is totally out of control of his body. This portrayal of the narrator is to express how torn he is between his two selves. He does not know how to tell Mary, the woman who saved him and has been like a mother to him, that he is leaving her for a new job, nor does he know if he wants to. His conflicting thoughts cause him to feel and seem a little mad. The author purposefully uses the narrator’s divergent feelings to make portray him as someone uncomfortable in is own skin. This tone is portrayed using intense diction, syntax, and extended metaphors.
Ralph Ellison uses several symbols to emphasize the narrator’s attempt to escape from stereotypes and his theme of racial inequalities in his novel, Invisible Man. In particular, the symbolism of the cast-iron is one that haunts the narrator throughout the book. Ellison’s character discovers a small, cast-iron bank that implies the derogatory stereotypes of a black man in society at the time. From its “wide-mouthed, red-lipped, and very black” features, to its suggestion of a black man entertaining for trivial rewards, this ignites anger in Ellison’s narrator. The cast-iron bank represents the continuous struggle with the power of stereotypes, which is a significant theme throughout the novel.1
In Ralph Ellison’s novel, Invisible Man, deception seems to be closely linked with Invisibility. The story surrounds the life of a young black man from the south who cannot yet fully grasp the concept of racism or recognize its presence. After being expelled from college, he moves to Harlem and becomes an orator for the communist organization known as the brotherhood. He is both threatened and praised in his position, constantly encountering many people and situations that force him to realize his lack of identity to those around him. The narrator has to overcome deceptions and illusions in order to reach the truth. The book is all about finding truths, yet the constant lies represent his naiveté to the way people do not see who he is