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The solar system essay
The solar system essay
The solar system essay
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Taryn Harris #10567 and Claire Werner #10230
Mr. C
Science 8, Period 6
21 April 2014
The Wonders of Space Rocks
In our solar system, there are a vast variety of space rocks. Space contains comets, asteroids, and meteors that rush through space, but don’t make it to Earth because they burn up along the way. This is due to the amount of friction that is produced on its journey through space. Comets, asteroids, and meteors are only a few objects that orbit through space and in our solar system. As a result, these various space rocks fly throughout our solar system, creating a bunch of chemistry. Comets, asteroids, and meteors are commonly put together in a group because they are all basically the same thing. One thing that comets, asteroids, and meteors all have in common is that they are rocky objects that orbit the sun. A lot of these space rocks originated from the Asteroid Belt, the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, continuing almost to the next star system! We are able to study these space rocks using probes and infrared rays. Asteroids, comets, and meteors are commonly used terms for the objects moving through our solar system, but these rocks have a bigger meaning.
One type of space rock is a comet. Comets contain methane, carbon dioxide, ice, ammonia, and dust. Put all these substances together and you get a comet. It has a solid core, which contains dark, organic material covered with dust and mainly ice inside. The ice consists of frozen water, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and carbon monoxide. Comets orbit for less than 200 years and they orbit in the Oort cloud beyond Pluto’s orbit. Comets also orbit in the Kuiper Belt, its shape resembling a doughnut beyond Neptune’s orbit. When a comet gets pulled out of orbit and is...
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...nd many other things. Along with a name, each asteroid is also given a number. Asteroids are just one of the many space rocks that are captivating scientists on Earth.
These three main space rocks aren’t just anything floating in space. Comets may seem unusual, but are made from things that are found on Earth and meteors may also have contributed to the formation of Earth since they contain rocks. That’s why meteors and comets could contain the hidden meaning to the creation of our universe and planet. Comets, meteors, and asteroids are very interesting rocks to have in our solar system that we are able to know about. The wonders of these space rocks are yet to be completely discovered and hopefully we will get to see these fascinating rocks some time in our lives. In conclusion, comets, asteroids and meteors are tiny, but make up a big part of our solar system.
Chondrites give geologists insights on the makeup of the early solar system. Geologists are driven by understanding how the Earth came to be what it is today. Chondrites formed at the time o
There are many theories that all the planets and other space rocks in the solar system orbit around the sun and follow the orbiting route due to the sun’s gravitational force keeping them in course. According to Sir Isaac Newton’s first law “An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.” This law is often called "the law of inertia". This is why these planets don’t go severely of course due to the consistent gravitational field the sun is providing. The Kuiper belt and the Asteroid belt are where most of the space rocks, also known as asteroids; orbit along and many stay together because they are part of the s...
Solar nebula is a rotating flattened disk of gas and dust in which the outer part of the disk became planets while the center bulge part became the sun. Its inner part is hot, which is heated by a young sun and due to the impact of the gas falling on the disk during its collapse. However, the outer part is cold and far below the freezing point of water. In the solar nebula, the process of condensation occurs after enough cooling of solar nebula and results in the formation into a disk. Condensation is a process of cooling the gas and its molecules stick together to form liquid or solid particles. Therefore, condensation is the change from gas to liquid. In this process, the gas must cool below a critical temperature. Accretion is the process in which the tiny condensed particles from the nebula begin to stick together to form bigger pieces. Solar nebular theory explains the formation of the solar system. In the solar nebula, tiny grains stuck together and created bigger grains that grew into clumps, possibly held together by electrical forces similar to those that make lint stick to your clothes. Subsequent collisions, if not too violent, allowed these smaller particles to grow into objects ranging in size from millimeters to kilometers. These larger objects are called planetesimals. As planetesimals moved within the disk and collide with one another, planets formed. Because astronomers have no direct way to observe how the Solar System formed, they rely heavily on computer simulations to study that remote time. Computer simulations try to solve Newton’s laws of motion for the complex mix of dust and gas that we believe made up the solar nebula. Merging of the planetesimals increased their mass and thus their gravitational attraction. That, in turn, helped them grow even more massive by drawing planetesimals into clumps or rings around the sun. The process of planets building undergoes consumption of most of the planetesimals. Some survived planetesimals form small moons, asteroids, and comets. The leftover Rocky planetesimals that remained between Jupiter and Mars were stirred by Jupiter’s gravitational force. Therefore, these Rocky planetesimals are unable to assemble into a planet. These planetesimals are known as asteroids. Formation of solar system is explained by solar nebular theory. A rotating flat disk with center bulge is the solar nebula. The outer part of the disk becomes planets and the center bulge becomes the sun.
Comets and asteroids. They are some of the first celestial bodies that humans observed and truly thought about. From ancient cultures interpreting these near-Earth objects as signs of disaster, to 18th century Europeans studying their paths, to even the extinction of the dinosaurs, comets and asteroids have always been prevalent in the majority of Earth’s history. These objects have intrigued the human race for generations, and continue to do so today. These similar subjects of fascination have many unique and interesting characteristics and a rich history with Earth.
Comets are primarily composed of ice and dust, causing some astronomers to refer to them as "dirty snowballs." They typically move through the solar system in orbits ranging from a few years to several hundred thousand years. Comets are not on fire. As they near the sun, the sun's heat melts the comet's ices and releases dust particles which are most evident as the comet's tail. Comets rarely come within a few million miles of Earth and, thus, have a slow apparent motion across our sky. Typical comets remain visible for periods of several weeks up to several months.
Most big asteroids are ball shaped. Smaller asteroids, which are usually broken off of a larger asteroid, come in a lot of different shapes. All asteroids have craters that form when they bump or crash into other asteroids. The older the asteroid, the more times it has been hit and the more craters it has.
same liquid rock matter that you see coming out of volcanoes. On Earth's surface, wind and water can break rock into pieces. They can also carry rock pieces to another place. Usually, the rock pieces. called sediments, dropped from the wind or water to form a layer.
The Big Bang, the alpha of existence for the building blocks of stars, happened approximately fourteen billion years ago. The elements produced by the big bang consisted of hydrogen and helium with trace amounts of lithium. Hydrogen and helium are the essential structure which build stars. Within these early stars, heavier elements were slowly formed through a process known as nucleosynthesis. Nucleosythesis is the process of creating new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons. As the stars expel their contents, be it going supernova, solar winds, or solar explosions, these heavier elements along with other “star stuff” are ejected into the interstellar medium where they will later be recycled into another star. This physical process of galactic recycling is how or solar system's mass came to contain 2% of these heavier elements.
There are five basic theories in the formation of our moon. The first is the "fission theory" which states that the moon was once a part of earth, but separated a long time ago. The second theory is called the "capture theory". This theory is says that the moon formed somewhere else, and was "captured" by earths gravitational pull. The third theory is called the "condensation theory" this theory states that the moon and earth were condemned together from the original nebula that formed our solar system. The fourth theory called the "Colliding Planetesimals Theory" states that the interaction between the earth orbiting the sun, and the sun orbiting planetesimals, which are large Astroid like rocks, led to the breakup and formation of our moon from the debris of these planetesimals. The fifth and final theory is called ...
Production of planets is an entirely different process. Planets form from the accretion disk surrounding newly formed stars. This material, comprised of dust and rock, collides and sticks together eventually gaining ...
Comets are made up of four distinct features. The first is the nucleus. The nucleus is made up of frozen gases, mostly water vapor with lesser amounts of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and imbedded in the frozen gases are interplanetary dust and tiny fragments of stony and metallic meteoric material. Some comets, the larger ones, have a nucleus of 10 kilometers (Schweighauser 22).
Igneous rocks are formed from the ejection of earth’s volcanoes. Deep down inside earth’s mantle there lies hot magma. Magma is molten rock that is kept below the surface. This mixture is usually made up of four parts: a hot liquid substance which is called the melt; minerals that have been crystallized by the melt; solid rocks that have made themselves tangled in the melt because of loose materials, and finally gases that have become liquid. Magma is created by an increase in temperatures, pressure change, and a alter in composition. When this magma is ejected from earth’s crust it earns a new name called lava. The lava hardens and becomes an Igneous rock.
By the third millennium, mankind is actively studying and exploring space. The number of space flights is increasing and they are constantly running into a number of problems. One of these is a question of the increasing contamination of space with objects from our explorations. These objects are better known as space debris or simply said – space junk.
According to NASA, more than 500,000 pieces of debris, or “space junk,” are tracked as they orbit the Earth- just hundreds of miles above us. Space junk-which is also known by the names space and orbital debris, are made up of a mixture of natural (meteorites) and man-made materials that no longer serves a further purpose or function.
The purpose of this lab was to determine the impacts meteorites have on the surface of the Earth in the form of craters, dependent upon their varying density, size and the height from which they fall. However, before explaining why it is important to understand the characteristics of meteorites and their impacts, it is vital to first describe the basics of different aspects that will be discussed in this lab report, to further enhance understanding.