Fundamentally, all human being’s capabilities and performances reflect a complex collaboration of biological and social-environmental factors. In fact, unique environments that are “nurtured” in one’s life can greatly influence the “nature” of basic biological processes. Such is the case with personal space. Even though human beings have a “natural” need to interact through human contact, the social-environmental factors in a human being’s culture dictate how much personal space is acceptable. Thus, it isn’t nature alone that determines what exact distance is comfortable between human beings during conversations. Instead, it is the individual’s cultural environment that determines the appropriate personal space necessary to feel comfortable. Indeed, research on personal space is an excellent example of how a supposed biological factor is influenced by social-environmental factors.
There are various perceptions on what constitutes personal space in different countries and cultures around the world. Personal space is the means of man’s affiliation with other people, society, and the surrounding culture. Personal space refers to the bubble, or appropriate distance, around a human being that determines how close individuals stand together during interactions without being offensive. While personal space is usually respected and instinctive during conversation, anxiety or fear can occur when this space is invaded. Furthermore, the intensity of the arousal depends on the relationship between the two conversationalists (Trolley, “Personal Space”). In essence, there is a “nurture” component that is learned through one’s environment since differences exist between cultures.
Research by Edward Hall in the 1960’s documents the interaction...
... middle of paper ...
...l space when a culture itself is strict in its views.
Strict or relaxed, all human beings are part of the human race, the largest “community” consisting of every culture and every country. And in this human race, individuals thrive on interaction with others. However, this interaction is affected by one’s experiences in a community. The politics, religion, status, age, and social standards of people determine acceptable boundaries for personal space. What is acceptable in the United States differs from what is acceptable in Europe or the Middle East when interacting in each other’s space. Indeed, despite biological similarities as a human race, the social influences that surround an individual affect behavior (Trolley, “Personal Space”). Therefore, each culture must be sensitive to others’ established boundaries, knowing that personal space is just that: personal.
‘An individual’s interaction with others and the world around them can enrich or limit their
Turkle provides dialogues of individuals who avoid social interactions at all cost and would rather communicate through technology, as it is just an inconvenience to have direct confrontations. These dialogues strongly support Turkle’s argument that we’re creating a greater gap between others and ourselves. The reason we are lonely is because we place less effort into building relations with others.
There are two important areas in this research- territoriality and use of personal space, all while each have an important bearing on the kinds of messages we send as we use space. Standing at least three feet apart from someone is a norm for personal space.
A characteristic of humanity is social contact, each individual needs significant social interaction. Not only must humans have interaction, but must share things in common to care and love. This h...
The first notable problem arises from differences in the use space and touch. In terms of proxemics, which is the study of how people use personal space differently (Hall,1966), each culture has its preferred concept and use of personal space. When it comes to touch, cultures can vary in the amount of touching and the meanings of
First I would like to look at Georg Simmel, who puts emphasis of the importance of interaction between people. As he mentions in
There are some human phenomena, which seem to be the result of individual actions and personal decisions. Yet, these phenomena are often - on closer inspection – as much a result of social factors as of psychological ones.
As meanings and social contexts and informal rules of society are created by people, they can subsequently be changed by the very same people. In an alternate universe where stretching on the elevator floor is considered to be a normal aspect of “elevator etiquette,” I would not have been able to break a social context in this way, simply because the inhabitants of that universe would take it for granted that an elevator is the appropriate place to stretch. This is the perfect illustration of the “Power of the Situation,” what can commonly be referred to as “social context.” As I shifted the social context and introduced a behavior that was not considered a social norm, I elicited negative sanctions and challenged the ideas of social control. Ultimately, this experiment revealed that so much of human behavior is dictated by an endless set of unspoken rules, most of which are never questioned, that members of a society are held captive to its every whim and irrational value. I now believe that individuals should frequently question the artificial constraints placed on them by society and seek to understand more about why they act in certain situations, even if that means taking their yoga routine into the nearest public
...ion society adopts: Although people can be good friends, there will always be a barrier standing between them, acting as a boundary that separates their social relations from their personal privacy, “walling in” what they do not wish to share with others.
Civilizations are typically broken up into two categories: collectivist. Individualist cultures, like those of the United States and Western Europe, highlight personal accomplishment regardless of the expense of team goals, causing a powerful awareness of competition. Collectivist cultures, including these of China, Korea, and Asia, emphasize work and family team aims above desires or individual needs.
Bruess. Contemporary Issues in Interpersonal Communication. Los Angeles: Roxbury, 2005. Print.) Though these norms were taught, they were always just inferred. Learning the rules of Proxemics has been eye opening. It is nice to have the general guidelines of intimate, personal, social and public distance. When there are specific rules put in place it is much easier to convey how someone is violating them. For instance, a friend of mine, Mike, recently stopped by my house. It should be noted that Mike has been a notorious “close talker” in our friend group for years. Now that I know the specific distances, was able to talk to Mike about his close talking and that it was making some people uncomfortable. And, because we were alone, the minimalized embarrassment of the situation allowed him to be receptive to the notion that he was violating implicit social rules. I showed him the textbook and we talked about the different distances. Ultimately he thanked me for my candor and has been making strides in appropriate distances while in dyads and
While I was breaking the rule of personal space, I felt somewhat uncomfortable myself. I did learn that this is a real rule in our society and that I am not alone in how I feel. In my home, the kitchen is my personal space and I don’t like to have anyone in there when I am cooking a meal. I also don’t like people to stand too close to me when I am talking with them. I will automatically move a few steps away if someone, other than my family, is too close to me when they are conversing with me. Thus, breaking this rule was a little difficult for me and extremely fascinating at the same
* The personal space may be very small for a man and a woman if they
Psychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. A scientific study focuses on people's mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. Psychology is divided into different branches, and each branch addresses its own form of content in relation to mental processes and behavior. Social psychology is one of the psychology branches. This subdiscipline focuses on individuals and their thoughts. Experts in this field of study focus on why an individual acts as well as reacts the way he/she does. It studies the interaction between people, but the focus is on one human being rather than many individuals. Scientists as well as psychologists study it in order to understand how individuals influence and communicate with each other. This research paper seeks to address this branch of psychology in detail by explaining its meaning, the relationship between it and other fields of psychology and the differences as well as the similarities it has with these other fields. Further, the paper will also discuss the diverse research methods that are applicable with social psychology to determine how a person affects groups of people and how these groups affect an individual.
Social interaction is a constant and innate part of human nature. It is the contact between two or more persons. Humans were not made to be alone and therefore social interaction comes naturally to us. However, this interaction also influences our behaviors depending on how and who we are interacting with. Simply put, the society influences how we interact with each other. There are various terms, concepts and explanations surrounding human interaction and the way it helps us to function in society.