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Literature review on parenting style
Literature review on parenting style
Parenting styles and effects psychology
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The Effects of Different Parenting Styles
Parenting causes a large impact in the upbringing of a child. Many cultures and different families believe in different disciplining styles, and each different kind of parenting style influences the child’s future. Although there are millions of families and each has their unique ways of raising their children, the different parenting styles can be classified into 4 major categories. According to research conducted by psychologist Diana Baumrind in the late 1960’s, the major discipline styles are Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive (1967). Later on, a fourth parenting style, Uninvolved parenting, was added.
This paper will be analyzing the parenting styles of Mr. and Mrs. Harsh-Heart and Mr. and Mrs. Easy-Going. The strict parenting styles of Mr. and Mrs. Harsh-Heart can be classified as Authoritarian while the democratic parenting styles of Mr. and Mrs. Easy-Going can be classified under Authoritative. These 2 different parenting styles have different advantages and disadvantages as well as different outcomes in the development of the child.
Mr. and Mrs. Harsh-Heart discipline their children the Authoritarian way. They have very strict rules and demands that they expect to be followed with no questions asked or logical reasoning behind them. There is little to no communication between parents and children and they use spanking as punishment. They don’t display positive reinforcement and show very little love and warmth to their children. Because raised under strict conditions and punishments, these children’s ability to follow rules are excellent. However, because raised within strict guidelines, these children are used to going by the book. They are not encouraged and don’t feel...
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...d controversies that make it an ineffective and devaluing means of disciplining. Because there are so many different people and cultures in the world, there are many different ways of raising a child. While it is hard to stick to certain guidelines to parent (since children are so unpredictable), it is important to explore and implement different ways to discipline in order to raise a well-rounded and virtuous child.
Baumrind, Diana (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43-88.
Bennett, Rosemary (20 September 2006). "Majority of parents admit to smacking children". The Times (London).
Laura Padilla Walker, Larry J Nelson (2012). Black Hawk Down? Establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct from other forms of parental control during emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence.
Growing up, two group of people, parents, and grandparents, took the time and the energy to raise me. Both of them had different approaches when raising me. These approaches were different parenting styles. According to Baumrind, parenting style was the “[capturing] normal variations in parents’ attempts to control and socialize their children” (Darling, 1999). To put it simply, parenting style goal was to lecture, influence, and discipline a child. In general, there are four parenting styles with their own specific benefits and disadvantages. Furthermore, parenting style, granted the dynamic of the family was understood, can be identified in families.
The third is permissive parenting characterized by adequate emotional warmth but low expectations of children. Lastly is the uninvolved parenting style which is described has parents being rejecting of children, providing no emotional support and having a no expectations for them. According to the reading, children with parents that implement the authoritative parenting style have a higher chance at achieving academic success and sustaining fulfilling relationships with others. The effects of not having both love and discipline may result to emotional instability, difficulty in school and delinquency. Parenting style arise from ones own childrearing experience, culture, the resources they have and the conditions they’re living in.
Spanking is an important aspect of a child’s social development and should not be considered an evil form of abuse. In her argument, Debra Saunders says that there is an obvious difference between beating a child and spanking a child, and parents know the boundary. Spanking is the most effective form of discipline when a child knows doing something is wrong, but the child does it anyway. A child who is properly disciplined through spanking is being taught how to control her or his impulses and how to deal with all types of authorities in future environments. Parents can control their child’s future behavior by using spanking in early childhood, because if...
The use of spanking is one of the most controversial parenting practices and also one of the oldest, spanning throughout many generations. Spanking is a discipline method in which a supervising adult deliberately inflicts pain upon a child in response to a child’s unacceptable behaviour. Although spanking exists in nearly every country and family, its expression is heterogeneous. First of all the act of administering a spanking varies between families and cultures. As Gershoff (2002) pointed out, some parents plan when a spanking would be the most effective discipline whereas some parents spank impulsively (Holden, 2002). Parents also differ in their moods when delivering this controversial punishment, some parents are livid and others try and be loving and reason with the child. Another source of variation is the fact that spanking is often paired with other parenting behaviours such as, scolding, yelling, or perhaps raging and subsequently reasoning. A third source of variation concerns parental characteristics. Darling and Steinberg (1993) distinguished between the content of parental acts and the style in which it was administered (Holden, 2002). With all this variation researchers cannot definitively isolate the singular effects of spanking.
The question of whether to spank or not has been the most controversial child-rearing issue of the past three decades. Though no end in sight, after analyzing my research of the extremes of spanking, I conclude in the gray area. John Rosemond proved the most logical approach to spanking. He has studied both sides of the issues and points out the inconsistencies of each side. Rosemond supports his point of view with grounds of disagreement and agreement and fills gaps the gap of the gray area connecting the opposing sides.
Hyman, Irwin A. The Case Against Spanking: How to Discipline Your Children Without Hitting. San Fransico: Jossey-Bass, 1997. Print.
An individual’s discipline strategies can have a big impact on the type of relationship one has with their child. The various approaches to discipline can even influence a child’s mood and temperament in adulthood.
It can be said for most parents that they want their children to grow up to be successful contributing members of society. Being a parent is a difficult, yet rewarding task. But why do some types of parenting result in juvenile delinquency while others find success. There are four generally recognized parenting styles and are categorized: authoritarian, permissive, neglectful, and authoritative. This essay will break down the various styles, its type(s) of discipline and effectiveness.
Parenting styles are very diverse and you can come across many depending on the parent. Raising a child can be very challenging and a huge responsibility on the parent, because many people often question what goes on in the child’s home. It is also often said that what a child is experiencing or learning in their home is how they will behave in public. The style of parenting can affect how the child socialize with others and even how well they are able to deal with life situations as they get older. There are four different parenting styles that are often used today, authoritative, neglectful, permissive, and authoritarian. Diana Baumrind, a psychologist who conducted research on parenting styles. Baumrind, came up with three of the four parenting
...r adoration. However, with disciplines, guidelines and standards of behavior- authoritative have raised their children had better result: strong self-expression, sensitive emotional modulation and good social skills, while permissive parenting style which adherent in indulgence with low expectation of their competence is easily to turn children into worse problems.
In this day and age, the media labels overbearing parents as helicopter parents, and the label itself has taken on a negative light due to the guilt by association. The ‘popular’ definition of helicopter parenting come from the ‘extreme’ cases (Jayson 5). The extreme cases in the news are just that, extreme cases; they do not depict helicopter parenting in general, and have been given the name Blackhawks (“Liftoff for ‘Helicopter’ Parents”). The idea of helicoptering has become a misguided ‘negative portrait’ by media using the term and ‘over parenting synonymously’, but the two terms should be used so. They are very different; over parenting is when a parent does not let the child think for themselves (Aucoin). Over parenting and helicopter parenting are not synonyms, but they are not quite antonyms. Helicoptering can become oppressive parents quite easily. Another side of over parenting is the side that ‘expects… immediate compliance’ to orders without giving reasoning. This style can cause below average ‘self-esteem… self-reliance and… social skills’ (McDevitt and Ormrod). The regular helicopter parenting is more common than what would be assumed as a study shows ‘60 to 70 percent’ of college parents have ‘some helicoptering behavior...
With over three hundred million Americans and over six billion people worldwide parenting skills are essential to maintain a healthy society. Parenting involves many aspects and requires many skills. It is a time to nurture, instruct, and correct to develop fundamental skills children will need to be mature, responsible, and contributing adults to a society. There are four commonly identified parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Of the four parenting styles, two remain on opposite ends of the parenting spectrum. These two styles; authoritarian, and permissive both have deleterious results that are often visible throughout different developmental stages, such as rebellious behavior. As well each style has its own advantages such as; acceptance by peers with commonality. Child rearing for most parents is an evolving set of skills. It could be said that, with any style of parenting, there is no explicit set of rules for every situation, and what works for one child may not be effective for another.
Since before until now, a lot of studies have examined parenting styles related to parent’s gender as well as parenting behaviour will also affect children’s even adolescence’s self-esteem. Initially, there are three type of parenting styles which are authoritarian parenting style, permissive parenting style and authoritative parenting style. Authoritarian parenting style is parents that show in high demanding but inconsiderable responsiveness toward their children. Permissive parenting style is parents that low on demanding but high in responsiveness to their children. While, authoritative parenting style is most likely the combination of authoritarian and permissive parenting style. Those parents are showing considerable responsiveness toward their children but also with demand (Baumrind, 1971). However, from the past studies, parenting style had distinguished to 4 types. While permissive parenting style had differentiated to 2 categories which are indulgent, parents that are more responsiveness but low on demands toward their children and neglectful, parents that do not care and demand their
Well first off to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the parenting styles between the Harsh-Hearts and the Easy-Goings, their styles of child rearing must be categorized first. Child-rearing are combinations of parenting behaviors that occur over a wide range of situations. There are four different categories of combinations in child-rearing: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved. After studying these two different cases, it can be declared that Mr. and Mrs. Harsh- Heart use an authoritarian child-rearing approach while the Easy- Goings use the authoritative child-rearing style. Authoritarian child-rearing is “low in acceptance and involvement, however high in coercive control, and low in autonomy granting.” (Laura 216)Authoritarian parents have a lot of punishment and usually resort in spanking for discipline. The parents are the boss, there are rules, its tyrannical, there’s structure, and the parents are directive. Meanwhile on the other hand, authoritative is the complete opposite and it is said to be the most successful approach. Authoritative child-rearing “involves high acceptance and involvement, ad...
For decades, parents around the world have been seeking out effective ways to discipline their child. Many parents have tried everything, from spanking to timeouts, in order to find the disciplinary action that their child best responds to. Nowadays, people are beginning to question whether or not spanking is an acceptable form of punishment for a misbehaving child. No matter what someone else believes, it is truly up to the parent to decide the proper form of discipline for their child. In bell hooks article “Justice: Childhood Love Lessons,” she provides many reasons as to why spanking is never acceptable. As a matter of fact, she fails to call it spanking, rather she repeatedly uses the term “abuse.” Although bell hooks has many good