Essay On Organelles

Organelles

Organelles are subunits that allow a cell to function correctly and efficiently. The name comes from organ as these subunits act like organs to cells in the same way that organs are for us. Most organelles in eukaryotic cells and some in prokaryotic cells are membrane bound and protected by a membrane or in some cases a wall.

Universal organelles

While most of the main organelles making up the nucleus grouping are present in all organelles, the ‘group’ is not membrane bound in prokaryotic (bacterial) cells and therefore are free to move about the cell.

Cell membrane

The cell membrane acts as protection for the cell and controls what comes in and out of the cell. The cell membrane contains lipids (fats) and proteins that link together to form a large wall like structure that controls the contents of the cell and offers minor protection to the cell. Proteins help to carry substances in and out of the membrane.

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is a gel like substance that is used as a base for chemical reactions. The cytoplasm is colourless and is around 80% H2O.

Mitosis is a more advanced binary fission where all the organelles, DNA, RNA and chromosomes are replicated to form two identical cells. Meiosis is cell division for gametes like sperm cells or egg cells that require only half the number of chromosomes than other cells such as skin cells. In meiosis, the chromosomes first condense and sort into pairs which match and ‘relate’ (Homologous pairs). The chromosomes then ‘exchange’ data and information, this varies the outcome of the cell meaning unlike skin cells, and each cell isn’t identical. The cells then part into two groups before the cells start to split like mitosis; however, the process is then repeated in a similar manner, however, the chromatids that separate instead of the whole chromosomes, the result of mitosis is four unique cells rather than two identical