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McCarthyism and its effects
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McCarthyism was an unnerving development in the political landscape of the United States. World War II was a war like humanity had never seen before. The atom bomb was dropped on Japan twice; ending the war soon thereafter. Relations with the Soviet Union had been deteriorating due to factors such as ideological differences, conflicting interests in Europe, and the discovery by the Americans that their Russian ally had spied on their Manhattan Project. Angry at Stalin’s annexations from the war President Truman and most Americans who had no Socialist sympathies grew to see the Soviet Union as a threat to peace and democracy. Fears of a soviet nuclear weapon fanned the flames. Indeed, it would only be four years after the war when Russia …show more content…
But there are several varieties of liberalism. Joseph McCarthy and other conservatives believed that Hollywood had been infiltrated by Communism and the Soviet Union. Conservatives were in a position of power at this point and abused it relentlessly. Any movie could now be seen as secret propaganda in support of the USSR. The fear of a black-list in Hollywood caused a bit of liberal outcry. But this was mainly among actors and other employees in the film sector. The most famous case was the Hollywood 10; who were charged with contempt. The fear of being labelled a Communist caused American movies stagnate and become similar stories. These movies were generally happy-go-lucky, pro-government or apolitical. Other forms of press faced a similar amount of danger but the main targets of the HUAC were Hollywood’s employees and government …show more content…
McCarthy began accusing members of the armed forces and high ranking generals of being Communist agents. He had no proof to show and the audience applauded the defendant’s lawyer. McCarthy and his methods were discredited. Even Ronald Reagan thought that McCarthyism was unconstitutional. The House Un-American Activities Committee was eventually abolished in 1975. It already lost most of its power before being dissolved.
Can it happen
The Hollywood blacklist and the subsequent Paramount decision altered the direction of U.S. moviemaking in a big way. While both events are important in filmmaking history, the opinions on the legality, necessity, and effects of these events vary widely depending on who you ask. While the filmmaking industry management opposed the blacklist and the Paramount decision, some management executives may have taken advantage of the blacklist by negotiating stricter contracts based upon extortion, in that to be blacklisted, one only needed to be rumored to be associated with communist ties (Lewis, 2008). The employees, such as actors, directors, and writers of the large studios were also opposed to the Paramount decision and the blacklist, but the ability actors, directors, and writers to fight for and gain large contracts has improved since the Paramount decision, as it cast the studios as advantageous, money hungry totalitarian fraternities. I would argue that the Paramount decision and the
To get a clear view and understanding of the book, first must review the time period in history. The book was written in the mid 1950's during the cold war. Former General McCarthy, then U.S. Senator started a fire ball of suspicion, suppression, and incarceration. This had a very huge impact on the entrainment industry, which included everyone from playwrights to filmmakers, as well as writers and actors. If anyone in that time period was suspected of being a communist, the government could come and pull them out of their home. At the least a suspected communist would be banned, or put on a black ball list. Printed in the Times, McCarthy's First Slander, "Overnight, his speech sparked a media firestorm that played to the basest fears of Americans swept up in a frightening cold war and triggered loyalty oaths, blacklists and personal betrayals that cost an estimated 10,000 Americans their jobs and some shattered innocents their lives." (Johanna McGeary 28) This happened to a number of actors and film makers during that time period. The black ball list was a list of names of people who were believed to be communist. The people on this list came from the movie industry as well as writers. These people would no longer be able to get work ...
Almost instantly after the end of World War Two, the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union began to tear away at the thin bond formed by the two counties' alliance in the war. McCarthy and many other republican politicians believed that the democratic party, along with President Harry S. Truman, were not harsh enough on the communist party and they strongly opposed Roosevelt's New Deal. When the Republicans took control of the presidency in 1952, "McCarthyism," as it is now known. This new movement, McCarthyism, accused some Americans of being communist’s sympathizers and people that were suspected o...
By the time Joseph McCarthy gave his Lincoln day speech the Red Scare in America was on full blast. Just a year prior to the speech the Soviets had successfully tested a nuclear bomb and China fell to the communists. There were problems both internationally with the Soviet incursion into Eastern Europe and domestically with Soviet spies in the United States. On February 9th 1950 this Senator from Wisconsin took advantage of the opportunity at his speech to the Republicans Women’s Club of Wheeling, West Virginia.
One of the biggest fears of the American people is that the concept of communism contrasts drastically from the concept of capitalism, which the United States was essentially founded upon. The United States, as the public believed, was not a land of perfect communal equality, but rather a land of equal opportunity. However, what made communism so dangerous can be succinctly described by Eisenhower who compared the spread of communism as the domino effect. As his secretary of state, Dulles, put it, the propagation of communism “would constitute a threat to the sovereignty and independence” of America (Doc B). In addition, the Cold War also planted the seeds of rational fear of a global nuclear war. As Russia caught up to the United States in terms of technological advancements, they successfully developed the atomic bomb as well as the hydrogen bomb, which caused Americans to believe that the USSR would use these weapons of mass destruction to forcefully extend their ideologies to the USA. In fact, Americans were so frantic about a potential nuclear disaster that it...
The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was created in 1938. They were focused on investigating and putting an end to Communists and Communist supporters in the American Society. Their first major attack was on the Hollywood film industry. Communists in the Hollywood industry were said to be placing subversive messages into films. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and others like Senator Joseph McCarthy pestered communists and supporters of the Communist party. McCarthy conducted “witch hunts” in effort to seek out and eliminate suspected Communists. Congressional hearings were in effect, not hearings, but trials for crimes that were not really crimes, with congressmen serving as prosecutor, judge, and jury. Unable to deprive a person of their life and liberty, they deprived him of his livelihood. If the person refused to give the names of other Communists, he or she would automatically be considered guilty.
Evans, M. Stanton. “Mccarthyism: Waging The Cold War In America.” Human Events 53.21 (1997): S1. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 24 Jan. 2014.
From 1949 to 1954, the citizens of the United States were overcome with terror of the possibility of being accused of Communism. Joseph McCarthy was an anti-communist zealot obsessed with rooting out perceived Communist spies and activities in the United States. Common opinion showed that McCarthy was a bully and a liar. The Senate condemned him for it because at the time, there was no evidence to support him. However, in recent years, evidence has come out that confirms the basis of what McCarthy said.
Events have played out in history that made people realize the inhumane acts of people and the Salem witch trials and the McCarthy era were two of them. The Salem witch trials in 1692 were almost 260 years before the McCarthy “witch hunts” in the 1950s yet there are similarities between them. The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller in 1953, is about the Salem witch trials and is an allegory to the practicing of McCarthyism during the Second Red Scare in the United States, which Miller was a victim of. Although there may be differences between “The Crucible” and McCarthyism, ultimately the anger, lack of evidence, and the people were alike in both events.
When the Tydings Committee issued a majority report dismissing all of McCarthy’s allegations and condemning them as “a fraud and a hoax perpetrated on the Senate of the United States and the American people.” Republican members of the American sub-committee condemned the majority report and the Democrats who signed it and McCarthy turned his defeat into a victory through the great publicity he received. Soon after Tydings report was considered pro-Communist. Like the Salem Witch Trials lack of substantial proof, many people were willing to believe McCarthy’s charges without any evidence. Soon world events seemed to be playing into McCarthy’s hands and he could use it all against the Truman administration. McCarthy’s fame grew and he because more careless, and instead of hinting nameless lists, he started naming names.
The attitude of the citizens of the United States was a tremendous influence on the development of McCarthyism. The people living in the post World War II United States felt fear and anger because communism was related with Germany, Italy, and Russia who had all at one point been enemies of the United States during the war. If the enemies were communists then, communists were enemies and any communists or even communist sympathizers were a threat to the American way of life. "From the Bolshevik Revolution on, radicals were seen as foreign agents or as those ...
... middle of paper ... ... Larry Ceplair and Englund stated in the book The Inquisition in Hollywood, “The destruction of the motion picture Left not only transformed the political atmosphere in Hollywood, but also adversely affected the kind of product which the studios turned out. “ In the early 20th century Hollywood reframed from producing politically controversial films in fear of becoming a target of McCarthy or the HUAC.
Sam Robert’s argument is very effective in persuading the reader in believing that McCarthyism has turned Americans against each other. In Sam Robert’s argument he mentions,“McCarthy's accusation against President Harry Truman sent shock waves across the nation,” which shows that McCarthyism has heavily impacted the US and when he says, “ Americans were inclined to believe the worst, even without evidence,” it further cements his claim by showing the reader that because Americans jumped to conclusions without thinking it led to Americans accusing each other. Sam Robert’s argument is effective because of his clear and precise way of using evidence to verify his point.
After WWII, many Americans were apprehensive towards what the future of the United States would be like and what that would mean for their new coming families. Not only were Americans worried about other countries but, “…we were extremely suspicious of what was happening right here at home.”(From Lecture) During the Cold War, we were so frightened by the potential of the Soviets attacking us with our own weapon of mass destruction, we began teaching each other to “Duck and Cover”, a technique used to ‘protect’ us against falling glass from the dropping of an atomic bomb. Consequently, a man by the name of Joseph McCarthy exploited American’s fears’ by persuading citizens that communists were overpowering the government in order to gain votes
After World War II there was a strong anti-communist movement in America for decades prior to the 1950s. Nuclear weapons also sent a shot of distrust and fear between America and Russia. Information about nuclear weapons was very limited to the public. There are some facts, details, and reasons on why did this war happen, effects of the Cold War, and how society reacted to the War.