Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Hepatitis
Short note on hepatitis b
An Essay on the dangers of hepatitis B
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Hepatitis
Author ID: 4042 Word Count: 925 Proposed species: Hepatitis B Proposed action: Eradication What is Hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is a viral infection transmitted by humans that affects the Liver. There are two types of Hepatitis B: acute and chronic. Acute hepatitis B is short term and only lasts for a short amount of time. Chronic hepatitis B is long term and is a lifelong illness. This disease is passed from an infected person to an uninfected person through exchange of bodily fluids such as blood or semen (or other). Symptoms include tiredness, aches, nausea & vomiting, loss of appetite, darkening of urine, tenderness in the stomach, or yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice) (HEP-B). With acute HBV, the symptoms may appear 1 to 6 months after being exposed to it. With chronic HBV, the symptoms may take up to 30 years to appear after being exposed. Although some may experience these symptoms, many people (mostly adults) with chronic HBV do not experience the symptoms. The most common way of way of transmission of this disease is through sexual intercourse. By sexual intercourse, I mean any type of sex like vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Another way of transmission, although not as common in the United States (however the most common around the world), is through childbirth where the mother transmits it to the child. This is if the child doesn’t get the necessary vaccinations when supposed to. If a mother who is infected with the disease gives birth, the child is at high risk of developing chronic HBV if they don’t get the necessary immunizations at birth (including HBV vaccination). If the infant does not get the necessary immunizations, it can cause chronic liver disease and chronic HBV, which is persisten... ... middle of paper ... ... to four of the vaccine will be protected from hepatitis B. “According to WHO, their response says: WHO is working in the following areas to prevent and control viral hepatitis: • raising awareness, promoting partnerships and mobilizing resources; • formulating evidence-based policy and data for action; • preventing of transmission; and • executing screening, care and treatment. [1] WHO also organizes World Hepatitis Day on July 28 every year to increase awareness and understanding of viral hepatitis.” (Hepatitis B.) References • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 09 June 2009. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. • "HEP-B." It's Your Sex Life I Where Music Artists and Celebrities Meet to Spread the Word about Making Smart Sexual Health Decisions. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. • "Hepatitis B." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.
US Enviromental Protection Agency. (2010, December 13). Retrieved January 20, 2011, from US EPA Human Health: http://cfpub.epa.gov/eroe/index.cfm?fuseaction=list.listByChapter&ch=49
For example, those who travel to or live in countries where Hepatitis A is common, have sexual contact with someone who has Hepatitis A, men who have sexual encounters with other men, those who use recreation drugs, have clotting-factor disorders, or are household members or caregiver of someone who is infected with the virus. Other risk factors include intermediate and high endemicity areas include poor sanitation and regulations and lack of safe water. Also, residents from regions with low endemicity for the Hepatitis A Virus infection often remains susceptible in their adulthood. In areas where the virus is wide spread, most Hepatitis A infections occur during early childhood because children tend to ingest everything. As mentioned earlier, adults have signs and symptoms of illness more often than children. The severity of the disease and its fatal outcomes are higher in older age
Hepatitis B is found mostly in Africa, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and parts of the Caribbean. In those areas all socioeconomic groups are af...
Hepatitis B is a bacterial infection that displays symptoms like a visible rash on the surface of the skin, headache, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, chills, severe liver damage, and can even lead to death. It can be contracted through close contact, especially sexual contact, through lesions on the skin from an infected person (Leu). Another required vaccination is Tdap. “It usually enters the body through the mouth and begins its replication in the throat and gastrointestinal tract. It moves to the bloodstream and continues to replicate and destroy motor neurons in the central nervous system. These are the motor neurons responsible for control of the muscles for swallowing, circulation, respiration and movement of the trunk, arms and legs” (Furnari). The last required vaccination is Hib. Symptoms for Hib include asthma, upper respiratory tract infections, lung disease, recurrent bronchitis, and death. Each of these vaccinations are required by schools to ensure the health of their
Pathogens are a type of microorganism that spreads viral and bacterial diseases. These diseases when present in human blood and body fluids are known as blood borne pathogens, and can spread from one person to another. (Worcester polytechnic institute) The most serious types of blood borne diseases are the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which can cause liver damage; and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), which is responsible for causing AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The blood borne pathogens can be spread when the blood or body fluids (semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, and amniotic fluid) of an infected individual comes into contact with mucous membranes or an open sore or cut on the skin of another person. Mucus membranes are located in the eyes, nose, mouth, and other areas as well. ("Bloodborne pathogens: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia") Two of the most common ways that pathogens are transmitted is through the exchange of fluids during sexual intercourse or by sharing infected IV needles. (Worcester polytechnic institute)
Acute HBV infection is the most common type of infection in low endemic countries. The incubation period, from transmission to clearness, ranges from 40-180 days. The infection is either symptomatic or asymptomatic/ fulminant hepatitis. Children under the age of 5 years rarely experience symptomatic infection (10%), where’s about 30-40% infected adults and children above age 5 experience a symptomatic infection with yellowing of skin and teeth, vomiting, fatigue, laxity and abdominal pain [1].
An estimated 242,251 Canadians, and 150 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus, and more than 350 000 people die every year from hepatitis C-related liver diseases.1 Hepatitis C can lead to other serious diseases, such as liver failure, death, etc. But without any vaccines available to prevent the contraction of the disease, it may be hard to avoid. Due to disease generally being asymptomatic many people are unaware that they have it, further spreading the disease because of a lack of prevention mechanisms. Hepatitis C when developed chronically can cause serious affects on the liver, which may even lead to death. With hepatitis C being such a serious disease, it is important that more people be tested for it so they can start treatment in the early stages of the disease, as well as be aware and informed, before it becomes a chronic infection leading to serious complications.
“Improved sanitation, food safety and immunization are the most effective ways to combat hepatitis A.” (World Health Organization, 2017) Good hand hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of Hepatitis A. Proper sewage disposal systems are also important in prevention of Hepatitis A within communities. If a person is traveling to an area where hepatitis A is prevalent, they should avoid ingesting water and uncooked fruits and vegetables. Another important way to prevent Hepatitis A is immunization. A vaccine for Hepatitis A has been available in the US since 1996. Commonly children will become immunized between the age of 12 to 23 months, however an adult can also be vaccinated at any time. Traveling out of the country, using illegal drugs, homosexual men, and anyone who comes in contact with an infected person or animal are recommended to be immunized. The final way Hepatitis A can be prevented is with immune globulin. Blood from an already immune person will be injected into another person giving the recipient protective antibodies. Immune globulin will protect a person from exposure to Hepatitis A for 2 weeks. (Center for Disease Control,
The signs are fatigue, sudden nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, intense itching, dark urine, clay-colored bowel movements, abdominal pain in the right side, joint pain, and a fever up to 102 degrees Fahrenheit. Although the symptoms may be moderate, the outcome of the infection can be a severe illness that lasts for several months. The vaccine of immunoglobulin can protect you from infection if the person receives it within two weeks of being introduced to hep A. If the infected person has a long-term liver disease, then the symptoms also may cause the virus and it also can occur for people over the age of 50. Hepatitis symptoms are so minor, people usually do not realize they are infected with the
The incubation period for this virus is 10 to 50 days, depending on the amount of the contaminated source that was ingested. About 22,700 cases of Hepatitis A are reported annually. All people who ingest the virus are susceptible to illness, especially immune compromised individuals such as the elderly and children. Although, this virus is most common in adults. The individuals that ingested the contaminated product remain contagious 10 days following initial infection, most of the time prior to symptoms (1).
Chronic viral hepatitis(CVH) is a chronic inflammatory reaction of the liver due to either hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis c (HCV) or hepatitis d (HDV) , occurring over more than 3 to 6 months. Chronic viral hepatitis is the main cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepato cellular cancer (Porth, p962). According to a media report on “the rising burden of chronic liver disease a high price to pay ";liver disease affects more than 6 million Australians and costs the government $50.7 annually. Marriott (2013) stated that chronic viral hepatitis is still referred to as the silent epidemic due to lack or low levels of risk awareness. The manifestations and changes that occur in the liver and treatment options will be further explored to provide awareness of the condition.
There is a disease spreading out in the world called Hepatitis C. It affects the liver and may cause the liver to fail. This disease is caused by a virus called Hepatitis C virus which is also known as HCV. About 32,000 people are affected with this disease per year only in the United States area. Some It’s a disease with many symptoms and many causes. of these symptoms are easy bruising, upset stomach and fever. These are just some of the many symptoms that come from the virus. Hepatitis Cs nature of the causative agent is determined by many things. The biological data of this disease is filled so much information. It is estimated that over 180 million people have gotten Hepatitis C and it is growing.
...any APIs are not tested for Hepatitis B and are unaware of their infection. As a result, chronic Hepatitis B and associated liver cancer in APIs is one of the most serious health disparities in the United States. In the United States, nearly 70% of APIs were born or have parents born in countries where Hepatitis B is common. Hepatitis B-related liver cancer incidence is highest among APIs and is a leading cause of cancer deaths in this population. The death rate from Hepatitis B among APIs is 7 times greater than deaths among whites. Knowledge of Hepatitis B varies greatly in the API community and many misconceptions exist. The lack of knowledge and awareness of the disease significantly contributes to the low testing rates in the API population. Limited English proficiency can be a significant barrier to seeking and receiving Hepatitis B related care and services.
World Health Organization, 3 September 2007. Web. The Web. The Web. 4 Apr 2011.
...enters for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 10 Dec. 2012. Web. 6 Dec. 2013.