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Advantage and disadvantage of fingerprint
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1. Fingerprint recognition: A fingerprint is made up of ridges and furrows. Uniqueness is determined by ridges, furrows, the minutiae points. Fingerprint is one of oldest and most popular recognition technique. Every individual possesses unique finger patterns, even twins has different patterns of rings and furrows. Fingerprint matching techniques are of three types: a. Minutiae-based techniques: In these minutiae points are finding and then mapped to their relative position on finger. There are some difficulties like if image is of low quality it is difficult to find minutiae points correctly also it considers local position of ridges and furrows not global [4]. b. Correlation- based method: It uses richer gray scale information. It overcome problems of above method, it can work with bad quality data. But it has some of its own problems like localization of points. c. Pattern based (image based) matching: Pattern based algorithms compare the basic fingerprint patterns (arch, whorl, and loop) between a stored template and a candidate fingerprint. Advantages: • It is the most developed method till now • Relatively inexpensive • Even twins have unique fingerprint patterns so highly secure. • Small template size so matching is also fast Problems: • Systems can be cheated by having artificial finger like finger made up of wax • Cuts, scars can produce obstacle for recognition Applications: • Verification of driver-license authenticity and license validity check • Law Enforcement Forensics • Border Control/Visa Issuance 2. Face recognition: Face recognition is based on both the shape and location of the eyes, eyebrows, nose, lips and chin. It is non intrusive method and very popular also. Facial recognition is carried out in two ways ... ... middle of paper ... ...se such as cataracts[12][13] Applications: • utilized by several government agencies including the FBI, CIA, and NASA • Used for medical diagnostic applications 6. DNA recognition: Human DNA is the genetic material that can be found in every single body cell of an individual. There are number of sources from which DNA patterns can be collected such as blood, saliva, nails, hair and others. The collected DNA samples are fragmented into shorter fragments which are organized by size and are then compared. Still this technology is not automated and need to be refined. Advantages: • It is highly unique feature • Performance is high • Its universality is very high Problems: • More informative so privacy issues • More storage required • Not automatic technique Applications: • In forensic • Used in courts and law to prove guilt or innocence • Physical and Network security
“Accuracy-confidence correlation: an eye witnesses’ stated confidence is not a good predictor of identification accuracy; Stress effects: highly stressful situations may make an experience seem especially vivid, but such stressors can reduce the ability to recall details about a person’s face…Cross-race bias: eye witnesses are more accurate at identifying members of their own race than members of other races.”
The most predominant feature of the human face is eyes. When talking to a person our eyes meet there eyes; the way that people identify each other is through eyes; eyes even have the power to communicate on its own. Eliezer identified people buy there eyes and knew their emotions through their eyes. “Across the aisle, a beautiful women with dark hair and dreamy eyes. I had
Preview of main points: Now I am going to take you through the process of identifying, collecting and analyzing fingerprints.
...se their ability to identify the right person. This could also be applied in the police force. If identification photos incorporated this type of technique, it would be much easier and much quicker for an officer to verify one’s identity. And if this technique were used on portraits and pictures presented to school children it could potentially make figures more recognizable. In all of these cases, utilizing this technique could possibly increase one’s empathy towards members of other races as well. By averaging out distractions, it makes it easier to focus on the defining characteristics of a profile. Not only does this prove useful for identification, but it may also make it easier for one to detect changes they may not have noticed before. It could make people better at detecting certain emotions in members of other races, thus making them more empathetic.
Now-a-day, biometric authentication system or simply biometric system, offers a reliable and user-friendly solution to the problem of identity management by establishing the identity of an individual based on “who the person is”, rather than the knowledge-based i.e. “what the person knows" or token-based i.e. “what the person carries” (Jain et al., 1999). The word biometrics is derived from the Greek words bios (meaning life) and metron (meaning measurement); biometric identifiers are measurements from living human body (Maltoni et al., 2003). Biometric system refers to automatically identify or verify an individual's identity based on his physiological characteristics (e.g. fingerprints, face, iris and hand geometry) and behavioral characteristics (e.g. gait, voice and signature) (Figure 2.1). Ancillary characteristics (also known as soft biometric) such as gender, ethnicity, age, eye color, skin color, scars and tatoos also provide some information about the identity of a person. However, soft biometric traits do not provide sufficient evidence to precisely determine the identity (Jain et al., 2004a). Biometric traits provide a unique and permanent binding between an individual and his identity. This “binding" cannot be easily lost, forgotten, shared or forged and free from making false repudiation claims. Biometrics offers several advantages over conventional security measures. These include
By the 19th century, the criminology research scholars have had a keen interest in biometric identification, they hope to combine physical characteristics with criminal tendencies, which resulting in a series of measuring devices, and also collected a large amount of data. Since then, the concept of measuring a person's physical characteristics are finalized, fingerprints also become the identification of international methodological standards for public security agencies. People often debate whether fingerprints have absolutely unique, and also thought that the different countries have the different standard for identifying fingerprints. So far, it is still the most widely methods of public security organs, and the process is also automated.
Fingerprinting information varies in numerous ways. Each person’s fingerprints are different in someway (Unique). The technical term is actually “DNA fingerprinting” because us as a person obviously cant just take a look at a fingerprint and see the difference; we must analyze the actual DNA behind it. Sometimes a miss concept of most people is, that fingerprints stay perfectly fresh for extended periods of time. Partial fingerprints and even degraded full fingerprints can turn up to be useless sometimes. Fingerprints are not admissible if they are 99.9% sure, they must be 100% or a Forensics lab will not support them. DNA Fingerprinting, and the fingerprints that are at the tips of your actual fingers are two different things. The ones we a...
Forensic genetics has other applications . The " fingerprint " DNA represents a valuable tool for forensic science . As is the case with an ordinary fingerprint genetic fingerprint is unique to each individual (except identical twins ) . The determination involves the observation of specific DNA sequences which can be obtained from extremely small tissue samples , hair, blood or eventually left at the scene . As Fifty microliters of blood, semen or five microliters of ten roots of hairs are enough , and nozzles secretions and cells from the fetus . In addition to its use in the capture of criminals , especially rapists , the genetic fingerprints can be used to establish family relationships . People involved in the conservation of species use them to be sure that captive breeding is among individuals who do not belong to the same family .
Law enforcement uses several methods to solve all types of crimes. Having a variety of ways to help solve an investigation gives officials an advantage. If one method fails or isn’t helpful, there are several others they can rely on. For instance, if there are no physical witnesses to a crime, the criminal may have left a fingerprint at the crime scene. An individual’s fingerprint is unique, “no two persons have exactly the same arrangement of ridge patterns” (“Fingerprint ID”). Fingerprints of criminals and of civilians are collected and stored. Also, “People who apply for government jobs, jobs that handle confidential information, banking jobs, teaching jobs, law enforcement jobs, and any job that involves security issues can be fingerprinted” (“The First ID”). Fingerprints are processed within hours and minutes through the Integrated Automated Fingerprint ID System. This system was developed in 1991, and made it easier for different law enforcement agencies to store and share fingerprints.
Although fingerprinting is highly advanced processes there are small things it can’t do like dogs for example a finger print can’t know if the animal is a carries of a very dangerous disease called allele. Someone can wear gloves or erase the fingerprints and one of the main problems of it is that sometimes the juror finds the evidence almost invisible causing problems to solve a case. I know it sounds like its bad but remember not everything is perfect and fingerprint has good benefits the most important once is that there is very strong similarities between the fingerprints of the parents and their son you think that for example if the son did the crime and the forensic scientists identifies the finger print they might do a mistake and jail the father but no don’t think that they can identify the child’s genetic fingerprint as its made up of half the father genetic and the other half the mother so it makes It possible to identify the paternity and maternity tests. So see the fingerprint method is very useful at first it started as an ink now they use computes look how much the world has changed. There are many other methods too if you want to see how they know about the crime what they do fingerprints hair and etc. there is a series called detective Conan for me it’s one of the best detective series and its very funny and plus they put what they do how they identify the crime
By definition, “biometrics” (Woodward, Orlans, and Higgins, 2003) is the science of using biological properties to identify individuals; for example, fingerprints, retina scans, and voice recognition. We’ve all seen in the movies, how the heroes and the villains have used other’s fingerprints and voice patterns to get into the super, secret vault. While these ideas were fantasy many years ago, today biometrics are being used and you may not even know it.
Judson, Olivia. (2008). Sticky fingers: fingerprints are one of the oldest biometric measures of identity. What do we actually know about them? Natural History. 117.10. p16.
The purpose of biometrics is to identify a person based on the measure of his anatomical and physiological characteristics. This concept is not new, its history dates back to 14th century when Chinese used footprints to identify newborns and divorce records. In the 1880s, Henry Faulds, William Herschel and Francis Galton were the first who conceived the idea of using biometric identification to guaranty the security in civil areas, like using footprints for criminal identification and fingerprinting t...
From these two points of view, it is known that some emphasize the resemblance level of facial reconstruction to target’s face on one hand, and on other hand put recognizability as the standard of
Part B: The evidential value of fingerprints within a Legal Context When it comes to criminal investigations, fingerprints are of extreme evidentiary value. When one asks what evidential value is, it is considered to be as what can be achieved with the collected evidence in a forensic laboratory and later which is presented in court. When it comes to evidential value of fingerprints within a legal context, in court, the presence or absence of information about the context in which the evidence is found in, can affect the value of the evidence itself. Sir Galton, as previously discussed in the history section, defined three basic principles when he studied the uniqueness and the individuality of friction skin ridges.