Numerous forms of intravascular contrast media have been used to improve medical imaging. Their value has long been accepted, as confirmed by their common daily use in radiology departments worldwide. However, like all pharmaceuticals, these agents are poisons and aren’t completely devoid of risk (American College of Radiology, 2013). The extent of how safe contrast media are depends on the composition. There are various types of contrast which vary in composition. Due to their chemical properties, contrast media usually have a greater osmolality and are thicker (viscosity) than blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, osmolality and viscosity affect the safety of the contrast medium as they play a part in the development of contrast reactions. Additionally, a variety of the adverse effects attributed to intravascular iodinated contrast agents seem to be related to the osmolality. This includes allergic reactions, fluid shifts, physiologic side effects, the heat sensation and any complications following contrast medium extravasation (Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology, 2008). It has been noted that as the osmolality increases, the risk of having an adverse reaction becomes more likely due to the high toxicity of the contrast agent. The toxicity of the contrast tends to decrease as the osmolality approaches that of blood serum, as seen in a non-ionic contrast e.g Omnipaque (ACR, 2013). Therefore, the lower the osmolality, the safer the contrast medium. Also, as Chapman and Nakielny state, ‘The low and iso-osmolar contrast media are 5-10 times safer than high osmolality contrast media’. Similarly, there is notable variation in the osmolality of contrast media and thus, how safe they are for the patient, depending on their ion... ... middle of paper ... ...f contrast (ACR, 2012). It is also essential that the radiographer performs a drug pre-check before the administration of the contrast. This involves checking the name, concentration, dose given, expiry date, batch number, colour/appearance and the seal on the bottle. If these aspects aren’t checked correctly, it could affect the safety of the contrast media. In conclusion, it is clear that intravascular contrast media are indispensable in the practice of radiology. Even though contrast media is used widely with few side effects, reactions can occur, just as they do with every pharmaceutical product. However, these reactions are rare so the benefit that contrast has on examinations definitely outweighs the risk. Thus, intravascular contrast media is safe to use in most patients and shouldn’t be disregarded because a limited number of patients have reactions to it.
What needs to be assessed is how these full body scans are produced. It is produced through radiation through computed tomography. And, is the amount of radiation that a patient is receiving necessary. Radiation exposure is harmful. According to the FDA website
In this image, a sewage worker is seen cleaning the drainage system, with his bear hands, without the use of either any equipment’s or protection. On the first glace, the image depicts the idea of health risk, because the man is exposed to such contaminants, which for him is work. He is looking up from a dirty drain, covered in filth, which shows that he is clearly used as the subject of this image, whom we are engaged to more as he is making eye contact with its viewers. This picture only includes one person into the frame, as the other man’s face isn’t available to see in this picture, which is man that is holding the bucket. Holding a bucket either emphasise the idea that he is helping the sewage worker, either to get the dirt out or to put the dirt in the drainage system.
Spectral CT imaging has a lot of potential in the future; it is only a matter of developing the current ideas into better methods than they are now. The Dual-layer detector method is showing promise in its investigative trials. Olszewski says, “With the IQon Spectral CT, there is potential to identify the iodinated contrast within the image and allow for its selective visualization, thus allowing the elimination of the first step” (Lentz 2014), the first step being the non-contrast exam before hand. He goes on to say, “you have the ability to remove the contrast agent after the scan…”(Lentz 2014). If the claims Olszewski is making are true, it could cause large reductions in radiation doses to patients, shorter exam times for patient, and increased work efficiency for departments.
Yacopetti, N., Davidson, P., Blacka, J., & Spencer, T. (2013). Preventing contamination at the time of central venous catheter insertion: a literature review and recommendations for clinical practice. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 22(5/6), 611-620. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04340.x
Although both protagonists in the stories go through a psychological disorder that turns their lives upside down, they find ways to feel content once again. In Charlotte Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper," a nervous wife, an overprotective husband, and a large, damp room covered in musty wallpaper all play important roles in driving the wife insane. Gilman's masterful use of not only the setting, both time and place, but also of first person point of view, allows the reader to process the woman's growing insanity. The narrator develops a very intimate relationship with the yellow wallpaper throughout the story, as it is her constant companion. Her initial reaction to it is a feeling of hatred; she dislikes the color and despises the pattern, but does not attribute anything peculiar to it. Two weeks into their stay she begins to project a sort of personality onto the paper, so she studies the pattern more closely, noticing for the first time “a strange, provoking, formless sort of figure that seems to skulk about behind that silly and conspicuous front design” (Gilman). At this point, her madness is vague, but becoming more defined, because although the figure that she sees behind the pattern has no solid shape, she dwells on it and
...epending on the patient’s dehydration, therefore also affecting the patient’s tonicity. The patient would also be losing water insensibly, in an unperceived way through their skin and lungs (Martini). This could be combative with the patient experiencing shortness of breath, in order to preserve some water from evaporating. In order to maintain proper osmolarity, the intercellular fluid would loose water to the extracellular fluid. This patient would need the replace the fluids he has lost by drinking water, or through intravenous isotonic crystalloid. I would suggest intravenous isotonic crystalloid since it would restore the body to homeostasis much quicker than through drinking. It is important that fluid balance, membrane transport, and overall homeostasis be maintained, for the longer the body is out of homeostatic range, the more detrimental the effects will be.
...tance, which creates contrast, and having a Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan, Computed Tomography (CT) scan, or a fluoroscopic X-ray.
...gh there are no known harmful side-effects associated with exposure to medical imaging it’s never a bad idea to follow certain safety procedures depending on the medical imaging nuclear phenomena that is used to image. Also most of the staff who have been trained and educated to proceed and conduct medical imaging are not only prepared to provide the service of imaging but they are also familiar with being able to maintain the equipment that they are using. By the staff being able to conduct this it shows how serious the goal of providing the public with the best service and solutions is in the mind of the professionals. Without a doubt medical imaging purpose is to improve the life of all types of people by showing and providing the solution at an early stage to the public in general without having to undergo delicate and life risking procedures such as a surgery.
Bowers, L., Allan, T., Simpson, A., Nijman, H., & Warren, J. (2007). Adverse Incidents, Patient
Radiology is one of the few so-called “physical-science”-based fields of medicine, making it a challenging and rewarding application of an academic interest in science. It combines advanced knowledge of human physiology with principles of atomic physics and nuclear decay, electricity and magnetism, and both organic and inorg...
Color therapy, also known as chromotherapy, is a way of curing diseases with the use of color and light. This method has been used centuries ago and is still being used today. There are many methods of color therapy and there are many items used in it. These items are gemstones, candies, lamps, crystal pyramids and wands,...
Advantages to imaging using nuclear medicine is that it is relatively safer than other procedures, such as a biopsy, as it is non-invasive and painless and can detect the severity of a disease or issue and it can see how the disease has progressed in your body. This application can accurately identify the effectiveness of a treatment and whether it is helping or not (SNMMI,2014) Disadvantages could include a negative impact on health, especially when there is a build-up of radioisotopes present. Radioisotopes account for about 90% in the procedures for diagnosis of a disease or illness (World Nuclear Org,2014). The diseases or ailments that are typically diagnosed and treated with nuclear medicine procedures include but not limited to all...
administered to prevent clots and perhaps continues post-op. If such a patient is not given
It is expected that potassium permanganate will travel a farther distance than the methylene blue because the permanganate has a smaller molar mass then the methylene, particles that are larger take more time to move than smaller particles do. In the second experiment it is anticipated that sucrose will increase in volume whereas the water will decrease in volume, this is due to osmosis of water particles and the selective permeability in the dialysis tubing. The second part of the experiment, which dealt with color change in iodine and sucrose, it is predicted that dialysis tube
They were often administered at night when his room would be dark and he could not see the bag of packed red blood cells hanging from his intravenous (IV) infusion pump pole. He was receiving narcotic pain medicine resulting in very mild sedation and causing him to sleep more. Jose was also persistently febrile and overall did not feel well so his wakefulness and alertness were decreased. If he questioned what was hanging from his IV pole or why his vital signs needed to be checked again, he was told it was a different type of IV fluid or a different type of medication he needed to