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Essays about circumcision
Essays about circumcision
Essays about circumcision
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Introduction
Circumcision is a minor surgical procedure that involves the removal of the foreskin of the penis. Circumcision is not only one of the most common procedures but is also recorded as one of the most oldest procedures, traditionally believed to be part of cultural and religious activities but has now become established in the healthcare world as being vastly advantageous for one’s health and is some regards, one’s social status.
Circumcision is still widely prevalent in today’s society. Statistics in the Jewish culture show that almost all new born Jewish males in Israel as well as 99% of Jewish men in the UK are circumcised (1). A study by the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) of America showed that 59.1% of all newborn males in the US were circumcised (2). Lastly, worldwide statistics further show that 25% of men in the world are circumcised; the largest totals coming from the Asian, Muslim, African and Middle Eastern populations (3)
Origin & History
The exact origin of circumcision remains largely unclear. The earliest record of circumcision, however it is unclear of whether is originated here, comes from Egypt in the form of a carved image on a tomb depicting the circumcision of an adult (1). Historically it is also known that circumcision has been practiced ritualistically in West Africa and in the Middle East for 5000 and 300 years respectively but it is unclear weather is was adopted from the Egyptians or adapted on their own. (2) Circumcision also became a very important ritual to the Jewish and Muslim shortly after it was first practiced however this exact time is unclear (4). It was only until the late nineteenth century where circumcision was first practiced as a medically sanctioned procedure in Bri...
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Technique
Methods of circumcision vary worldwide but follow the same general procedure: (22)
1. Freeing the foreskin
2. Excising the foreskin
3. Haemostasis
4. Wound healing
Procedures are divided into two general categories which revolve around the age of the patient: First weeks of life and older
A. Procedures in first weeks of life
a. Freehand with guided cutting e.g. Mogen Clamp
b. Free hand with haemostatic device e.g. Gomco (23)
B. Procedure in older patients (infant, child or adult)
a. Sleeve technique (sometimes with a haemostatic device) (23)
Complications and Risks
Complications of circumcision is generally reported as low, between 1 and 4% (24). The most common acute complications include: (22)
Infection
Haemorrhage; most commonly due to a Vitamin K deficiency
Post-operative bleeding
Fistula formation
Uncommonly septicaemia and meningitis
In Althaus’ article, she provides in-depth information about female circumcision; a highly controversial cultural ritual that is practiced in at least 28 countries
When parents first discover they are having a baby, there are so many aspects to consider. Who is going to be their doctor, which hospital are they going to deliver at, what are they going to name the baby, and what color should they paint the nursery. Parents that are expecting a male newborn have to decide if they want their baby to be circumcised. For many families, this is an easy decision based on their cultural or religious beliefs. However, for others the right option is not as clear. Over the years, the topic of circumcision has been debated and views have swayed for and against the procedure. Ultimately, the parents must evaluate all the pros and cons and make the decision that aligns best with their thoughts and beliefs. The parent’s decision about the procedure will be influenced by various factors. It is vital that they are educated on the accurate information surrounding the advantages and disadvantages of the circumcision. This paper will evaluate both sides of this controversial issue.
Circumcision is a painful operation that newborns in the United States experience. Anesthetics are not used on these patients since they are at such a young age, as a consequence the infant is awake throughout the procedure. Some infants
...ion rate for circumcision varies from 2 to 6 percent,” says Dr. Van Howe. “The average male will have more health problems from being circumcised than from being left alone.”
Certainly, in the United States (and much of the Western world), female circumcision is illegal; however, male circumcision is utterly legal. In fact, in 2007, the Center for Disease Control reported that almost eighty percent of men in the United States were circumcised (Morris): legally, zero percent were females. Yet, several nations, where the culture is absolutely polar from the West, have prohibited male circumcision (Evans). The predominant factor, of course. The ideologies of culture make the laws, including morals; thus, these laws represent each region’s civilization, morals, and culture. Again, doctors must conform—this time to the law, not the parent. So, any decision doctors make, regarding circumcision, is due to cultural restrictions and their own
Most Americans view circumcision as a solution to a problem which it is not. Circumcision has not been scientifically proven to prevent, solve, or improve any health condition or state. One of the most common reasons people circumcise infants is because they believe it will make cleaning babies easier. This is a common misconception. Parents for generations have been taught that uncircumcised babies need to have the underside of their foreskin cleaned, but this is physically impossible to do without permanently damaging the organ. When a baby is born the foreskin is fused to the head of the penis, thus no additional care is needed. The organ is very self-cleaning just like it’s female
Since male circumcision is a surgery there are certain risks involved. There is a 2-10% occurrence rate of key complications that involve hemorrhage, sepsis, fistula, meatal stenosis, removal of excessive skin and penile loss (5:2239), of which parents should be made aware.
Circumcision has been a religious practice in many different cultures, ranging from Africa to the Middle East, and to Asia. While prevalent in both Jewish and Muslim societies, the earliest known documentation of circumcision comes from Egyptian hieroglyphics discovered dating back to 2300 BC. While the reason behind circumcision is currently unknown, many theories exist as to attempt to explain it origins. One theory persists that that circumcision started as a way to release the body from sin, and purifying both the individual and the society, as sexuality was seen as dirty and impure, and the removing of the foreskin would reduce sexual pleasure. In Abrahamic faiths, Jewish and Muslim, circumcision is practiced as a way confirm one 's relationship to God, and is stated in the Torah, as the covenant between God and Abraham, “This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee: every male among you shall be circumcised. " While two of the earliest form of Christianity, Coptic Christian, and Ethiopian Orthodox
Since circumcision has so many risks, I would not recommend circumcision for my patients. Some risks include bleeding, pain, infection, excess loss of skin, redundant foreskin resulting in circumcision revision, penile adhesions, meatitis/meatal stenosis, urethrocutaneous fistula, glanular necrosis/glanular amputation
The results showed that only 38% of the 133 people that participated in the study thought that neonatal male circumcision was beneficial for the prevention of HIV; however, of those same people, 65% thought that circumcision was beneficial to the prevention of other sexually transmitted diseases, and 96% of the doctors and nurses knew that circumcision was beneficial for hygiene. These numbers are surprisingly low considering these are the people that are performing the surgeries so they should be aware of the benefits, as well as the
Female genital mutilation (also known as female circumcision) is the cutting of female clitoral hood and removing clitoris. Following the cutting of female genital organ, there are many short-term and long-term health risk problems, and even death due to some complicated infections. The reasons for performing female genital mutilation are connected with socio-cultural beliefs, attitudes, values and customs, transition of girls into womanhood, tradition and cultural heritage, the fear of not having access to resources and opportunities as a young woman, perception to reduce sexual desire of females; hence, will sustain premarital virginity, and maintain marital fidelity. Actions have taken at international, national and regional levels since the past many years and have begun to bear fruits, but the practice is still undergoing in many countries in the world and highly prevalent in Africa. To continue and motivate further reduction in changing the society’s attitudes towards female genital mutilation in the countries where the prevalence has remained stable so it’s therefor...
Rites of passage, specifically circumcision, are the focus of study for multiple theorists. Circumcision as a ritual of passage encompasses various theories on the function of these ritualistic passages. Arnold Van Gennep, Vincent Crapanzano, and Victor Turner each approach the ritual of circumcisions’ function differently, specifically they question whether the ritual can be considered in stages.
Vaginoplasty is plastic surgery for the vagina. More commonly known as vaginal rejuvenation, it is often done to help strengthen vaginal muscles that significantly weaken after childbirth. These procedures often involve removing of vaginal tissue or grafting tissue from other parts of the body. Why Get Vaginoplasty?
Two year ago, my grandson had the problem of inadequate skin removal after his circumcision, with unacceptable appearance and he had to go in for a second surgery after 18months causing us a lots of anxiety and much pain to
It can also be a matter of family tradition for some, personal hygiene or preventive health care. But before planning for Circumcision you must discuss the risks and complications associated with the Surgery and the benefits related to Surgery. Some of the benefits related to Circumcision are