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An essay about Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development
An essay about Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development
Sigmund Freud's basic theory of human sexuality
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One of the most enabling definitions of bisexuality comes from a bisexual activist named Robyn Ochs. According her her, “bisexuality is the potential to be attracted – romantically and/or sexually – to people of more than one sex and/or gender, not necessarily at the same time, not necessarily in the same way, and not necessarily to the same degree” (Ochs). However, bisexuality did not always refer to sexual orientation. One of the first uses of the word ‘bisexual’ can be found in Psychopathia Sexualis, a late nineteenth-century forensic study authored by psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing. The study was one among many which pathologized homosexuality. In this work, however, ‘bisexuality’ is used to describe what is now known as ‘intersexuality’ in which “a person is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male” (Eisner 14-15; What is Intersex?). Sigmund Freud’s idea of bisexuality more closely fits what we know as bisexuality today, however he regarded it as a primitive sexuality found in male children which would develop into heterosexuality or homosexuality later on (Eisner 15). Appropriately, one of the first people to refer to bisexuality as a normal, viable sexual orientation was Alfred Kinsey, himself a bisexual (Queen and Lawrence 1216). According to him, “the world is not to be divided into sheep and goats. Not all things are black nor all things white” (Kinsey 639). Though as many as 1.8% of Americans identify as bisexual, many people continue to discriminate against them or assert that they do not exist (Gates). This kind of marginalization is known as biphobia. On the whole, the Wikipedia article for biphobia covers a variety of topics and presents goo...
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...ality is none other than Dan Savage. Though he asserts that bisexual people do exist, he frequently insists on tacking on that a lot of people who once identified as bisexual now identify as gay and that “a bi-identified 36-year-old is likelier to be bisexual than a bi-identified 16-year-old” (Savage). He as also suggested that closeted bisexual people are the most to blame for biphobia as they create their own erasure (Savage). This is of course ridiculous because it suggests that bisexual people are responsible for their own oppression.
In conclusion, the Wikipedia article for biphobia does a fair job. Several important topics and examples are covered, however there is definite room for improvement, expansion, and reorganization. Making these changes would help this article to be more understandable and informative to anyone who might peruse it in the future.
For my interview portion of this response I interviewed a friend of mine named Nicole who is a bisexual. When I asked her about her fears of coming out her she said that her only fear was being seen as some kind of pervert or sexual predator.” I came out to my friends first, some were shocked but soon it just became something that people just knew and after awhile it became just as relevant as my hair color”. She also stated that after she came out to her friends some of those friends came out to her soon after. She admitted she was treated differently by people because of the discrimination bisexuals get by both hetrosexuals and homosexuals.“People tolerate bisexuals but they are not respected” She said that many people treated her as if she was confused or like she was only pretending to like girls because they believe that would attract men. She explained that most people tend to believe that bisexuality doesn’t exist.
Littrell, Nereida. "Sigmund Freud's concept of bisexuality." www.examiner.com/article/sigmund-freud-s-concept-of-bisexuality . N.p., 17 march 2012. Web. 10 Apr 2014.
Heterosexuality all starts from the 19th century. People started to recognize more and more things in the world. Heterosexual and Homosexual was not even a word at the beginning of the 1900s. Heterosexual was called, “abnormal or perverted” and Homosexual in medical term was called “morbid sexual passion for one of the same sex.” Katz states that heterosexuality has not always existed. I think the reason why he believes that is because he feels that “the Dorland’s Medical Dictionary kept finding the words to describe sexes.” In the past, people think that men and women should be together, they did not have any ideas of what heterosexual and homosexuals are. Most of the men were attracted to women, so people think a man and a woman together
Though many consider homosexuality a mental illness, different studies have proven that it is a bi...
Bisexuals are typically misunderstood, because they do not belong with the homosexual community or the straight community. They are commonly referred to as “fence sitters,” who are not invested in the interests of either community. In The Scientific Quest to Prove Bisexuality Exists, there was an example of a bisexual woman who felt that she could not even come out to the lesbian community at her college. The fact that one sexual orientation minority might actually fear another sexual minority based upon inaccurate stereotypes is a tragedy in the least. The stereotype that bisexual people are untrustworthy, and create a “wild card” of insecurity in a relationship has made them shunned by both gay and straight partners. Bisexuals are often not even taken seriously due to the assumption that they cannot maintain a monogamous relationship. In Bisexuality: The Psychology and Politics of an Invisible Minority, this stereotype was debunked
This essay will discuss the ways sexuality is gendered and their impacts towards both men and women by exploring the contemporary heterosexual scripts from a sociological perspective on three main aspects; i.e. sex drive, desire and power. It studies how men are deemed to have a higher sexual edge than women, who acts as the relationship gatekeepers. This essay analyses the theory that women predictably pursuits love and relationships while men are more sexually controlled by lusts and cravings. Sexual dominance and passiveness is another traditional script inspected in this essay, focusing on how men are always expected to be the prevailing initiator thus devouring more power in relationships while women stays being the weaker, submissive receivers.
Despite the large collection of literature of sexuality that has been accumulating, human asexuality has been largely ignored. Asexuality is controversially considered to be a sexual orientation and people who identify as asexual are people who typically do not experience sexual attraction (Asexuality Visibility and Education Network, 2013). Though research on sex and sexual orientations has been done for centuries, the first real suggestion that there might be people who fall outside of the heterosexual – homosexual orientation spectrum came from Kinsey and colleagues in 1948. These individuals were put into a separate category and were identified as having no erotic response to hetero- or homosexual stimuli, but otherwise they were largely ignored by the researchers (Kinsey, 1953). Later, researchers linked asexuality with negative traits and pathologies, including depression and lower self-esteem (Masters, Johnson, & Kolodny, 1986; Nuius, 1983). An issue with these studies, however, is that the researchers defined asexuality in a way that most current asexuals do not agree with. For example, in a study done by Bell and Weinberg (1978), there were references made to asexual homosexuals who simply hid their homosexuality. Many asexuals, otherwise known as Aces, would struggle with this definition because homosexuality implies a type of sexual attraction: attraction to your same sex. Because Aces typically do not feel sexual attraction to anyone or anything, they should not be classified under the same label as a closeted homosexual. Another issue is that none of these studies actually focused on asexuality. Instead, they were added on the side and generally ignored.
Binary thinking of sexuality is relatively recent, as it emerged in the late 19th century as a medical framework for understanding sexuality. Some historians believe that heterosexuality was invented in response to the more visible homosexual culture that was able to thrive during the depression era (pg. 337). In response to the homosexual culture that was developing, heterosexual norms started to be articulated in popular culture like magazines, movies, and songs (pg. 347), but it was not uniform, as men and women perceived those norms differently (pg. 347). The main point of Katz’s essay is that heterosexuality should not be seen as something that is timeless and natural, but as something that developed in response to modern sexuality (pg. 348). Heterosexuality being timeless would be ahistorical (pg. 348), because
The first reference to lesbian love in Indian Literature was in the Rig Veda. According to Gita Thalani there were legislations against lesbian love, validating only procreative sex. The code of Manu contains the punishments meted out to women engaging in homosexual acts, a virgin girl who engages in love-making with another deserves the punishment of being fined and beaten. Thus we see that lesbianism and homosexuality were not only present in ancient India, but were also suppressed and punished.
My experience with being bi is that I am attracted to males and females in very different ways. The way I think of it is that when it comes to guys, I am like most girls; personality and intelligence is most important, looks come later. But when I've got my eye on a girl, I take on a more typical "male" attitude. Appearance becomes more important and I find myself very picky and critical. Girl-watching is among one of my favourite social activities, with my male friends at least. I can't explain the way I am, I just know what I feel, and it's become an important part of my personality. The group of bis that I do not fit in with is those who preach gender indifference. "We love people, not genitals!", they proclaim. I am attracted to males and females in completely different ways and I can't look at a person without seeing a gen...
The relationship between sex and gender can be argued in many different lights. All of which complicated lights. Each individual beholds a sexual identity and a gender identity, with the argument of perceiving these identities however way they wish to perceive them. However, the impact of gender on our identities and on our bodies and how they play out is often taken for granted in various ways. Gender issues continue to be a hugely important topic within contemporary modern society. I intend to help the reader understand that femininities and masculinities is a social constructed concept and whether the binary categories of “male” and “female” are adequate concepts for understanding and organising contemporary social life with discussing the experiences of individuals and groups who have resisted these labels and forged new identities.
In order to discuss the biology of gender identity and sexual orientation, it is necessary to first examine the differences between multiple definitions that are often mistakenly interchanged: sex, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Sexual orientation is defined by LeVay (2011) as “the trait that predisposes us to experience sexual attraction to people of the same sex as ourselves, to persons of the other sex, or to both sexes” (p. 1). The typical categories of sexual orientation are homosexual, heterosexual and bisexual. Vrangalova and Savin-Williams (2012) found that most people identify as heterosexual, but there are also groups of people that identify as mostly heterosexual and mostly gay within the three traditional categories (p. 89). This is to say that there are not three concrete groups, but sexual orientation is a continuum and one can even fluctuate on it over time. LeVay (2011) also defines gender as “the ...
Your Perception Of Lesbian Sex Is Probably Wrong Too often, we allow the mainstream media to tell us what to think about something, without actually experiencing it for ourselves. People seem to believe that lesbian sex is just like it is in the movies, all acrobatics and crazy positions. The truth about how lesbian sex actually works seems to get lost in the shuffle in the midst of all the craziness.
...n of bisexuality is harmful to those who do identify as bisexual. The media do not address bisexuality as a true sexual orientation. This furthers society opinion of bisexuality. If we could incorporate a more educated, accepting view of bisexuality, bisexuals would feel less objectified.
The treatment of the LGBT community in American Society is a social injustice. What most people think is that they just want to be able to marry one another and be happy but that’s not it. They want to be treated like humans and not some weird creatures that no one has ever seen before. They want to be accepted for who them are and not what people want them to be and they deserve the right to be who they are just the same as any other human being. After all the discrimination they have endured they should be allowed to be who they are and be accepted as equals just like people of different skin color did in the times of segregation. We have a long way to go as a country but being the greatest country in the world in the eyes of many great America will make big steps to make things fair.