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Ancient world religions
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III. Slash and Burn Agriculture Slash and Burn Agriculture is a widely used method of cultivating crops in usually temperate or tropical regions. It is the process which forested land is clear cut and any remaining vegetation is burned, the ash remains contain a nutrient rich top soil that helps fertilize crops. After years of cultivation the fertility of the soil decline and weeds increase, causing the farmers to shift to a new plot. Traditionally the old plot was left uncultivated, reverting itself into a secondary forest of bush and within a decade it could be reused. By the early 21st century the plot is usually maintained in a permanent deforested state, causing farmers to move to new plots and aiding to the destruction of Earth’s resources. Animism is used in the anthropology of religion, which involves the study of religious institutions in relation to other institutions. Although every culture each has their own unique mythology or belief animism is said to describe the most fundamental thread of “spiritual” or “supernatural” perspectives. Animism can be seen as a religion in itself or refers to a broad religious belief. In animism the core belief is that souls exist in all things animate and inanimate and there is no separation between the spiritual and material It can be seen throughout multiple religions such as Catholic, Shamanism, Jewish, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Taoism, and Buddhism to name a few. As you can see Animism helped shape multiple religions and ideologies, providing a sense of comfort in explaining the unexplainable. Animism, like other religions, helps bring a community closer; provide a sense of comfort and uniformity, along with providing a basis for other religions. Although the belief in souls is still a common concept today it lead way to great philosophers such as Plato, Socrates, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and James Hillman. Without Animism the soul theory and the basis of early religions wouldn’t have probably came up until later in history, leading way to other forms of belief such as Polytheism and
Smart, Ninian. "Blackboard, Religion 100." 6 March 2014. Seven Dimensions of Religion. Electronic Document. 6 March 2014.
Religion is a symbolic representation of society. The sociological approach to religious belief looks at how society behaves on a whole, to answer the question, “Why are people religious?” We express our participation in religious events through plays, acts of confession, religious dances, etc. To begin to understand why we have such term, let’s understand the common elements of religion. There are different types in which people believe in or follow and that is: animatism, animism, ancestral spirits, god and goddesses, and minor supernatural beings. Beyond these different elements, such one is to have religious leaders to follow.
Animism is a religion or worldview that believes there is a spirit or soul behind every object of the physical world. (Szombathy) “The English word “animism” has Latin roots and means ‘soul’ or ‘life’. It
In explaining where animism comes from and how it relates to religion, Guthrie begins by providing two definitions of animism. Firstly as the belief in spiritual beings, and secondly "the attribution of life to the biologically lifeless". In order to further these definitions, Guthrie presents "A Cognitive Theory", with the premise that religion is simply a system of anthropomorphism; which is defined as "the over-detection of human like qualities" in the world around us. This attribution of life to lifeless things is Guthrie 's concept of animism, he claims that animism is derived from our need to ascribe agents to the occurrences in the world around us. He further states that "animism is basic to religion, if not sufficient for it."
Since the beginning of time religion has been a key factor in the establishment and maintaining of civilizations. Popular religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity have played a major role in society. ??? Each religion has a different form of ??? In this paper i will be discussing the differences in how they view death and applying it to how it affects their cultural beliefs. In order to fully discuss these dissimilarities we must first look at a brief background of each major religion.
In our world today, many people are either born and raised into a religion or eventually grow into becoming part of one. Two different types of religions are: monotheism and polytheism. Monotheism is the doctrine or belief that there is only one god. Well-known Monotheistic religions are: Judaism, Christianity, and Islamic. Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one god. Most religions throughout history have been noted to have been Polytheistic.
Throughout the ancient world, religions and ideologies have developed into forms and practices that influence the very essence of civilizations. Religions could pose as a form of foundation for the beliefs, ideas, social organizations, and economic structures of a certain group of people. They provided a means of justification and form of unity between people and they helped establish and infuse new ideas into a culture. Religions were used as source to explain the misconcepted beliefs in nature and science as well as natural phenomina and it was also used to provide a source of motivation, control, and stability in a civilization.
We start with Animism. In animism, spirits are considered to inhabit familiar objects in the landscape. There are traces of animism in the Judeo-Christian and Jewish religions. For instance, Satan was represented as a serpent; Jehovah, like Osiris(Deity in ancient Egyptian religion), was worshiped as a bull; Christ was the lamb of God, and the Holy Ghost appeared in the form of a dove. However, these are only symbols themselves and are not worshiped themselves.
There are many religions today that people worship and adapt into their daily lives are their creed. Some may have a lot of gods, while some only have one god. But three of these religions are considered as the major religion practiced by most people in the world today. Although different in some senses in terms of history and other teachings, they all have things in common that most of their followers do not seem to realize. The similarities are very important to understand each religion better and be able to determine which parts they vary. In this paper, I like to discuss the similarities found in the three major monotheistic religions of Judaism, Islam and Christianity.
Religion plays an enormous role in the history of mankind. Wars have been fought over it, lives have been surrounded by it, and it has directly or indirectly shaped the lives of many individuals. Culture and religion play a large role in developing each other. People’s religion is decided by their culture. The prominence or the lack of religion will develop someone’s religious identity have play a core role in determining what that person believes.
Timber and especially hardwoods like mahogany and ebony are being felled at an alarming rate to satisfy the needs of the swiftly developing world. Another problem for the forest areas of the world is the type of agriculture used by some peasant farmers known as "slash & burn". This method of farming involves the burning of trees to add to the initial supply of nutrients in the soil. Over time this supply slowly wares down and so the farmer once again moves onto another plot of trees to slash and burn.
The single biggest direct cause of tropical deforestation is conversion to cropland and pasture, mostly for subsistence, which is growing crops or raising livestock to meet daily needs. The conversion to agricultural land usually results from multiple direct factors. For example, countries build roads into remote areas to improve overland transportation of goods. The road development itself causes a limited amount of deforestation. But roads also provide entry to previously inaccessible—and often unclaimed—land. Logging, both legal and illegal, often follows road expansion (and in some cases is the reason for the road expansion). When loggers have harvested an area’s valuable timber, they move on. The roads and the logged areas become a magnet for settlers—farmers and ranchers who slash and burn the remaining forest for cropland or cattle pasture, completing the deforestation chain that began with road building. In other cases, forests that have been degraded by logging become fire-prone and are eventually deforested by repeated accidental fires from adjacent farms or pastures.
Along with the two terms horticulture and agriculture, comes the slash-and-burn cultivation. This type of cultivation has many steps, but is actually more productive than agriculture in a tropical forest environment. The steps to the slash-and-burn cultivation goes as follows: cut the vegetation, dry the vegetation in the sun, burn it so you can release the nutrients into the soil as ash, use a hoe to pull up mounds of soil or dig holes, plant crops, let the crops grow, abandon for one to three years, move to adjacent plot and repeat, and then return to the area after the forest has grown
Intolerance is the unwillingness or refusal to accept or acknowledge another person’s ideas and/or rights. Intolerance is shown to people due to socio-economic status, level of education and age, but is often and the most common forms of intolerance are racial intolerance (racism) and religious intolerance. Intolerance is conveyed in many texts through a number of literary and visual techniques and is demonstrated in the novel Night by Elie Wiesel, cartoon Tweets on Religious Intolerance by Angelo Lopez and Snake by DH Lawrence.
Intolerance: unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, behavior, or other physical differences from one’s self. Intolerance is an issue that has grown throughout history and effects every part of the world. Canada specifically has had a dark past when it comes to intolerance. Sydney J. Harris, a famous American journalist once said “Intolerance is the most socially acceptable form of egotism, for it permits us to assume superiority without personal boasting.” This is a very accurate description of intolerance in Canada because of the horrible conditions non-Canadians had to undergo. Canada has been intolerant to both immigrants and Aboriginals since 1914 and it continues to be an issue