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Narrative personal experience of war
African American contributions to the Vietnam War
Stories of war narrative writing
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Section 1. Identification and Evaluation of Sources The purpose of the investigation is to explore the question, “To what extent were the African American soldiers given equal opportunity during the Vietnam War of 1955 to 1975?” The investigation is significant because it was the first account of a fully-integrated American military, and will specifically focus on the troops in Vietnam rather than the civil rights movements in the United States. First-hand accounts of the war, along with statistics regarding racial population and income will be analyzed in order to investigate the topic. One source that explains the success and failures of the integrated armies was the book The African American Experience in Vietnam: Brothers in Arms, by historian James Westheider and published in 2008. The purpose of the book is to explore the complex relationships between black soldiers and the army. Its content covers African American involvement in the American Armed Forces before Vietnam from the beginning of drafting to the end of the war. A value of the source is that the author is an experienced historian, who has a BA, MA, and PhD from the University of Cincinnati, and teaches there. Another value of the source is that it spans a long timeframe of black …show more content…
The treatment of African Americans in the war is broken into the categories of de jure and de facto. De jure refers to the laws and regulations, while de facto refers to the civil side of a topic, and how the laws are actually conducted. Although the de jure of the army planned to create a system of equality, the conduct and de facto of the army limited the equal opportunity given to African Americans during the Vietnam War through social limitations and
Glathaar, Joseph T. Forged in Battle: The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. New York: The Free Press Inc., 1990.
From reading The Harlem Hellfighters, it is apparent that, though the 369th regiment was all black, they did not have the same background and had not joined the war for the same reasons. This fact is important because the 369th regiment is in some ways a microcosm of the entire United States in the early 1900s and even today. ‘Black America’ is
i. Difficulties faced by soldiers due to the nature of fighting in the Vietnam War - Personnel had difficulties with transportation supplied with adapted vehicles back seat faced rear to provide additional fire power (Source A) – It appears as if the government didn't worry enough to supply men with safe and capable equipment - Threat of traps led to fear as vehicles had to be parked on street at night (Source A) o Check for traps each morning became a daily ritual particularly in fuel tanks (Source A) o A request for a locking fuel cap was denied because weren’t entitled to one” (Source A) • What circumstances would have needed to arise for them to be entitled to one? The Offensive full guard was set up (24hrs a day), personnel got no sleep and were constantly on alert (Source A) – How significant would this have been in the personnel’s mental frame of mind?
Wallace Terry has collected a wide range of stories told by twenty black Vietnam veterans. The stories are varied based on each experience; from the horrific to the heart breaking and to the glorified image of Vietnam depicted by Hollywood. Wallace Terry does not insinuate his opinion into any of the stories so that the audience can feel as if they are having a conversation with the Vietnam Veteran himself. Terry introduces the purpose of the book by stating, “ Among the 20 men who portray their war and postwar experiences in this book. I sought a representative cross section of the black combat force.”(p. XV) Although the stories in this book were not told in any specific order, many themes became prominent throughout the novel such as religion, social, and health.
Many of the African American soldiers wanted to offer their skills in the war but they could not because of their skin color they had to often have kitchen duty, cleaning beds, and
In Vietnam, at least in Jesse’s company, men of all races are able to cohabitate peacefully, and then when they return home, they face prejudice once again. They are forced to fight a war in Vietnam against communist ideology while also fighting a war back home against racism. Splitting ones’ army is almost always a recipe for disaster as Amos points out, but as the U.S. went into war right as the Civil Rights movement was beginning to gain traction, the men had no choice. The indignities that they faced at home, at the hands of the very men they died to save, make killing Vietnamese soldiers under the directions of their own leaders, all the more difficult. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s death results in the most direct quote we see about the two pronged war: “Why the fuck am I shooting at zips? They ain 't never did me no wrong, never called me nigger. I should be at home shooting at the man, shooting at the Klan ” (Vea 134) This message is not uttered by one individual but by the African American men in combat as a whole. They are not at all committed to the Vietnam War, but are still stuck fighting there, unable to fight for their own rights at
Before WORLD WAR I, military service represented a source of black pride. Black educators, clergymen, and the press frequently referred to Negro heroes of America’s past wars. After the Civil War, the U.S, Army maintained four regular Negro regiments –the 9th and 10th Calvary and the 24th and 25th Infantry. These units included veterans of the civil war and the frontier Indian fighting regiments. Retired sergeants often became respected, conservative leaders in their communities. This history set a foundation for black support and involvement in America’s future wars.
In my second article “The Air Force Integrates" by Alan L. Gropman. The racial integration of negro pilots into the Air Force in WWII to the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964. Alan L. Gropman makes statements that the military desegregated itself, not for moral or political reasons but only to improve the military's effectiven...
The question at hand: “Would the African-Americans support for the war effort, on the battlefields of Europe and throughout many factories in the United States mean improvement in the status of the Negro as an American citizen?”
I was against the war over in Vietnam. Part of that reason was because I didn’t think that the fighting over there was all that necessary but the real reason was because my brother Mack was drafted into the war. He was drafted pretty early on when they started the draft so when he was killed that’s where my hatred for the war.. really came from. *She actually got a little quiet here so I did my best to avoid talking too much about her brother (Keeping in mind I didn’t know this happened at the beginning)*
World War II opened up several opportunities for African American men during and after the war. First of all, the blacks were able to join the military, the Navy and the Army Air Corps’ (Reinhardt and Ganzel 1). The African Americans were allowed to join the military because they were needed, but they would be trained separately and put in separate groups then the white men because America was still prejudice. (Reinhardt and Ganzel 1). The same went for the African Americans that joined the Navy, only they were given the menial jobs instead of the huge jobs (Reinhardt and Ganzel 1). African Americans that joined the Army Air Corps’ were also segregated (Reinhardt and Ganzel 1). The Army Air Corps’ African American also known as the Tuskegee Airmen were sent to the blacks university in Tuskegee for their training (Reinhardt and Ganzel 1). They became one of the most well known groups of flyers during World War II th...
Those studying the experience of African Americans in World War II consistently ask one central question: “Was World War II a turning point for African Americans?” In elaboration, does World War II symbolize a prolongation of policies of segregation and discrimination both on the home front and the war front, or does it represent the start of the Civil Rights Movement that brought racial equality? The data points to the war experience being a transition leading to the civil rights upheavals of the 1960s.
Decades of research has shown us that African Americans have been depressed for hundreds of years. Although the Declaration of Independence states “All men are created equal,” that rule did not apply to African Americans. By the end of the Civil War more than 180,000 black soldiers were in the United States Military. After the Civil War, many Africa...
Since even before the United States has been classified as a nation, African Americans have served in armed forces. From a little village militias to the army or sailors, African Americans have stepped up to help defend and eventually earn their own freedom. The battle for unification and for recognition of black soldiers has been a slow undertaking. It wasn't until after World War II that the U.S. armed forces became fully and lawfully unified, under a 1948 executive order by President Harry S. Truman. They were “unified”; meaning that the African American troops could be in the same regiments and squads as the white men. Previously they underwent completely separate training and were assorted to their own regiments. Throughout time many groups of enlisted black men have made up the hammer which broke down the racial barriers which were all too common up until about 45 years ago. All of this had to start somewhere, which leads me to the Revolutionary War.
“Why would you want to interview me when there are plenty of people back home that would be easier to interview in person?” asks John Stout. He is about 5’11, has dark black hair and his eyes are a rich chocolaty brown. He is tan and has a strong muscular body. John is currently deployed in Bagram Afghanistan. He departed on July 7th, 2016 and will not return until April of 2017. He grew up in Fort Ripley, MN and graduated from Brainerd High School in 2014. John is very close with his Mother, Father, Brother and Sister. He grew up with a wrench in his hand and always helped his Father work on project cars and fixing things around the house. To John, family is everything. His family always took vacations and every summer, he gets to travel around the United States for Army training. John grew up in a military family. His Father works as a Warrant Officer in the Minnesota National Guard and his Brother, Curtis, is in the Marine Corps and is also deployed right now.John has always wanted to serve his country