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Caffeine and brain function
The effect of caffeine on the nervous system
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Ephedrine and Caffeine Combination What does adding stimulants to diet pills do? It is believed that adding caffeine to diet pills may increase weight loss (http://www.vitamins.com/encyclopedia/Concern/Weight_Loss.htm and http://www.mothernature.com/ency/Concern/Weight_Loss.asp). Many diet pills contain caffeine or guaranine, which is found in the herb guarana and is almost identical to caffeine. Caffeine acts as a stimulant of the central nervous system. The stimulant also increases the body’s metabolism and is a mild diuretic. It is rare to find caffeine in a diet pill without the combination of ephedrine. The combination of the two stimulants is more effective than the use of them individually. Claims made about the Ephedrine/Caffeine Combination in diet pills: It Enhances Thermogenesis Ephedrine and caffeine work individually and as a combination when ingested into the body (http://www.endureplus.com/caffeine_ephedrine.htm). Caffeine has properties that stimulate the central nervous system and the energy metabolism in the peripheral tissues. These stimulations can cause four other reactions: adenosine receptor blockage, improved neuromuscular transmission, increased muscle contractility, and increased adrenalin levels. Ephedrine also stimulates parts of the central nervous system and the peripheral tissues known as the adrenergic receptors. Essentially ephedrine can act like adrenalin in the body so a person’s energy level increases also. The effect of the combination of ephedrine and caffeine is best described as promoting thermogenesis (http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag98/dec98_heat.html). Thermogenesis is the “chemical production of heat within the body to promote the oxid... ... middle of paper ... ...bolism in lean and obese rhesus monkeys treated with ephedrine and caffeine. American Journal for Clinical Nutrition, 68:42-51. Astrup, A., Breum, L., Hein, P., Toubro, S., & Quaade, F. (1992). The effect and safety of an ephedrine/caffeine compound compared to ephedrine, caffeine and placebo in obese subjects on an energy restricted diet. A double blind trial. International Journal of Obesity. 16, 269-277. Astrup, A., Breum, L., Toubro, S., & Quaade, F. (1993). The acute and chronic effects of ephedrine/caffeine mixtures on energy expediture and glucose metabolism in humans. International Journal of Obesity. 17 (Suppl. 3), S73-S77. Astrup, A., Buemann, B., Christensen, N. J., Toubro, S., Torbek, G., Victor, O. J., & Quaade, F. (1992) The effect of ephedrine/caffeine mixture on energy expenditure and body composition in obese women. Metabolism. 686-688.
Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant, is the main psychoactive ingredient in energy drinks, which enhances alertness and mood, and counteracts symptoms of sleep. There is no doubt ...
9. Zaharieva, D. P., & Riddell, M. C. (2013). Caffeine and glucose homeostasis during rest and exercise in diabetes mellitus. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 38(8), 813-822.
Human behaviorist’s have long studied changes in people’s behavior as it relates to obedience in authoritative relationships. Two of the most renowned obedience studies were conducted by Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo, in which they each tested reactions to authority using important variables that were manipulated throughout their experiments. However, some psychologists, like Dina Baumrind, a psychologist for the Institute of Human Development, believe experiments that test humans impetuous reactions should not be conducted unless the subject is well-informed of the purpose. Baumrinds, “Review of Stanley Milgrams Experiments on Obedience” criticizes the accuracy of Milgrams study and further explores the emotional response those submitted to testing inadvertently experience. While other psychologists, like Philip Zimbardo of Stanford University, believe even experimentation with known factors can produce the same psychological effect, as seen in Milgrams experiment. As Zimbardo notes in “The Stanford Prison Experiment”, even the voluntary role-playing of his study on obedience had a large impact on the subject’s mental-health, proving that Baumrind remains bias with her argument. While both Baumrind and Zimbardo care for the well-being of the subject during and after the experiment, Baumrind argues that all research, like Milgrams, must be conducted with consent of the subject, whereas Zimbardo views all types of experiments are crucial for developing human insight toward obedience to authority.
This process, according to numerous researchers, is an even greater danger when combined with caffeine, which is found in most ephedra-containing supplements.
In today’s society, obedience to authority is a common factor that is taught at a young age, in which there is a constant lesson to obey the elders and teachers. Disobedience and obedience in lodged deeply within everyone and without recognition, is an automatic response, however there are numerous times where society conforms to a new political standpoint which can turn out to be genocidal effect. Therefore Stanley Milgram, a Yale psychologist, conducted the Milgram Experiment in which he puts volunteered test subjects in an environment where they have the opportunity to obey or disobey authority while causing unnecessary pain to an individual, exemplified in his article, “The Perils of Obedience”. Within his essay, the author reveals that the percentage of people who were willing to
Smith A, Sturgess W, Gallagher J. (1999) Effects of a Low Dose of Caffeine Given in Different
An increasing number of people are using products to enhance their diets. A recent estimate indicates, “Americans are spending some $6 billion annually on nutritional supplements, and the market is growing by 20% every year” (Zahn, 1997). Of these supplements, the increase in herbal remedy use is most dramatic. Zahn holds that the increase can be attributed to the widely held belief that herbal substances are healthy and harmless because of their natural origins (1997). Unfortunately, research on these supplements, herbal or otherwise, has not transmitted to the public as quickly as the diet enhancers themselves. The phenomenon leaves many consumers misguided by skewed advertising and uninformed about the potential risks involved in ingesting these seemingly harmless, over the counter substances. The following is an attempt to look at one particular herbal supplement, Ma-Huang (active ingredient, ephedrine), more critically.
Demonstrative communication is a wonderful type of communication. It really does tell you a lot about people. I know that I like reading, “listening” to people. Demonstrative communication involves a lot of different aspects, that I believe a lot of people do not even realize it is a type or form of communication. Demonstrative communication is facial expressions, body language and tone of voice. It is nonverbal and unwritten, but can still convey a very important message, effectively and ineffectively. Overall, this type of communication is something that we all do and have done and it will continue, whether we mean to do it or not.
Although the forests provide human benefits such as paper, too much of the forests are being cut down to satisfy human needs. “Some 46-58 million square miles of forest are lost each year- equivalent to 36 f...
This is not nearly as much as coffee, that’s why people rather go with coffee anyways. If you don’t want to have soda, coffee, or energy drinks, you can always take a caffeine pill. Caffeine pills are a great way to get your daily caffeine dose, they are also much cheaper than coffee or energy drinks. Just like everything else, there are notes of caution when taking caffeine pills. Pills contain 200 milligrams of caffeine, that’s more than most coffee drinks or energy drinks.
The production and selling of energy drinks are and will be the next largest soft drink product to come out since pop. What exactly are in an energy drink, besides sugar, what do those ingredients do to the human body after consumption? The most common ingredient that everyone knows is in energy drinks are caffeine. "Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system, giving the body a sense of alertness as well as d...
Energy drinks are thought to help enhance performance, boost mental alertness, improve endurance and energy, decrease fatigue, enhance metabolism, and improve overall performance. Energy drinks are also used because of short term health benefits, taste, energy boost, improved performance, and to justify or improve poor dietary habits (Rath). But, drinking energy drinks come with so much more along with a list of health problems and possibly
In the Broadview Anthropology of Expository Prose, Buzzard et al. describe Virginia Woolf’s essay “Professions for Women” as a “lecture to a society of professional women” (100). As a queer writer, Woolf’s voice during the 1930’s received much attention, along with praise and criticism. Woolf’s fight for women’s empowerment and gender equality are evident throughout her essay, and as of now, in the 21st century, it is unequivocal that Woolf saw herself as a feminist. However, as Woolf writes her “Professions for women” she makes use of the blanket terms “the woman” and “herself” to refer to a general professional woman. It leads us to question who the woman really is: which kinds of individuals are included in and excluded from Woolf’s filtered view of women. How does
Ever since I began studying science and mathematics at all levels of educations I have always had an interest in the production of useful materials. In the growing turmoil of today; a world full of global warming and diminishing resources, questions often arise in my mind such as, "can we make a more efficient, more durable and a renewable resource that will overshadow fossil fuels? and have less of an impact on our environment?" Up to now, I have not found a solution to these questions and answering these questions is a personal aspiration of mine which I aim to fulfil by achieving a degree in Chemical engineering and eventually I will contribute to the field in my own unique way. The debate surrounding sustainable energy fascinates me, having recently learned from personal research I have understood what an authoritative role chemists and chemical engineers play in the industry at the present time and how, by working as a team, they contribute to an improved future for the whole world. However, one of the main reasons that has single-mindedly driven me this far to want to study chemical engineering is a book I have read, “Beyond the Molecular Frontier: Challenges for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering” While reading this book, I had solidified my understandings of what chemical engineering is all about. Also, one of the main processes mentioned was polymerisation and is something I already study in A-level chemistry, it is something that not only interests me, but is a personal career aspiration of mine. Reading this book gave me a determination to be the person who helps improve the future of the industry and provide an answer to the questions I always ask myself by studying this degree.
Caffeine is an incredibly addictive substance found in nature, however because it is labeled natural does not mean is is healthy by any means. Energy drinks by themselves contain numerous dangerous ingredients such as caffeine, guarana, taurine, and glucuronolactone (Pennay, Lubman, and Miller, 2011), carbohydrates inositol, niacin, panthenol, and β-complex vitamins (Oteri, Salvo, Caputi, & Calapai, 2007). A standard energy drink has 85 milligrams of caffeine, which is a stimulant of the central nervous system, but can contain up to 500 milligrams (Pennay, Lubman, and Miller, 2011). Taurine is an amino acid that influences the contraction of cardiac and skeletal muscles. Energy drinks contain ten times more of the recommended intake of taurine, between 40-400 milligrams. Guarana improves alertness and energy and is slowly absorbed in the digestive tract having a longer lasting effect than caffeine. Glucuronolactone is a metabolite formed from glucose and en...