Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is ‘the process of decision making by identifying the potentially significant environmental effects and risks of a project’. Environmental impact analysis is one of the stages of an EIA (Sadler and McCabe, 2002). Environmental impact analysis is a process of providing decision makers with an indication of the likely consequences of their action (Wathern, 2013). This stage comprises impact identification and determination of the significance of the impacts. Impact identification is the process of illustrating cause and effect relationship of a project activities and key environmental aspects. It needs a systematic expert knowledge and judgment (Sadler and McCabe, 2002). In this study, key environmental aspects are activities in the two processing units of MCF that interact directly with the surrounding environment and results to environmental impacts. 2.2.2. Impact significance determination Significance is the intensity of impacts. Intensity can include beneficial or determinant, reversible or irreversible, repairable or irreparable, short term or long term, temporary or continuous, local, regional or global accidental or planned, direct or indirect and cumulative or single (Canter & Canty,1993). Significance determination is a process of judgment making about what is important, desirable or acceptable (Lawrence, 2007a&b; Sippe, 1999). Impact significance determination is prediction of impact magnitude (Thompson, 1990). It is considering impact characteristics such as magnitude, duration, frequency, spatial distribution, reversibility, likelihood) (Beanlands & Duinker, 1983). According to Canter & Canty (1993), impact significance determination has conceptual relationship with screening and... ... middle of paper ... ...ed from four sectors of the region where the factory is found. These experts were selected purposively based on their responsibilities, because these are major sectors in Tigray regional state that has experts to assess and control factories. In line to this, 60 employees were selected in the factory (30 from CRM and 30 from COK). By clustering the employees who are working in the two processing units based on their working shift for ensuring participation, and selected ten employees using simple random method from each shifts. 2.3.3. Household Survey In addition to the respondents from the factory and outside sectors, the study used local community living around the factory for comparison purpose. The study selected 120 local households from a total of 1122 households using simple random method. Data were collected from the households using structured interview.
Despite the development of new machineries, the demand for worker remained relatively high due to the growing numbers of cities. By ...
One set up operator can get hold of one place at a time and during waiting time, other lose the considerable amount of production. Subsequently, they framed a goal inclined to set up the sequence of work to get the maximum output by utilizing the capacity of the plant. The third step takes into consideration the installation of planning boards. These boards, lists the standard methods for each procedure, work sequence to reflect the order in which the process runs, and standard cycle time to complete a process. Moreover, these boards not only provides the information about the workers in the process but also identify the areas of improvements of the process. Moreover, works as the chief statistics for workers since it helps them to have a better and clear understanding of the process for a flawless vision of the further scope of improvements. On the contrary in another part of the same plant, they found a number of machines seeking attention at the same time. Automation is not always automatic. It requires humanized automation (Jidoka). The machines read the signal of attention by Andon light and need an operator to check the workflow consisting of a warning by each machine. Irrespective of the machine operating
West, S. L., & O'Neal, K. K. (2004). Project D.A.R.E. outcome effectiveness revisited. American Journal of Public Health. doi:10.2105/AJPH.94.6.1027
Liu, C., Spector, P. E., & Shi, L. (2008). Use of Both Qualitative and Quantitative
What actions have been taken to lessen or rectify the impacts of human activity? Again refer to various stakeholders.
Data and statistics that will likely be collected and what exhibits or tables will be produced from this data
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) entails a multifaceted appraisement of the possible aftermath caused by a project or action on the surrounding man-made and natural environment (Wood, 2003). This systematic process requires the involvement of all interested stakeholders in the process and the public, in order to achieve a widespread consent on the planned project and mitigation strategies proposed [European Commission (EC), 2014].
Primary impacts are the result of the ground shaking causing buildings to collaspe. This than results in the secondary impacts which are usually tsunamis, fires, landslides and other catastrophic events. Tsunamis, a huge wave of water, are one of the worse things human life can face after an earthquake as they are known to destroy absolutely everything in there path. Landslides, another huge destruction, is often known to be worse than the earthquake itself. These can cause whole cities to be completely destroyed as in Alaska, Turnagain Heights. Fires also cause a huge path of destruction. Broken gas lines set gas free making one little spark cause an inferno. An example of this would be the great earthquake of 1906 in San Fransisco which caused 90% fire damage among everything
Environmental scanning is the process of gathering information about events and their relationships within an organization's internal and external environments. The basic purpose of environmental scanning is to help management determine the future direction of the organization (Barnat, 2004). For a business to succeed, it is important to study the business environment of the firm that consists external and internal influences that affect the firm’s decisions and performance (Grant, 2010). Environmental scanning includes the assessment of Macro and Micro environmental analysis.
The Collaboration’s recommended tool for assessing risk of bias is neither a scale nor a checklist. It is a domain-based evaluation, in which critical assessments are made separately for different domains, described in Section 8.5. It was developed between 2005 and 2007 by a working group of methodologists, editors and review authors. Because it is impossible to know the extent of bias (or even the true risk of bias) in a given study, the possibility of validating any proposed tool is limited.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the evaluation of the effects likely to arise from a major project (or other action) significantly affecting the environment (Jay, et al., 2007). It is a systematic process for considering possible impacts prior to a decision being taken on whether or not a proposal should be given approval to proceed (Jay, et al., 2007). Consultation and public participation are integral to this evaluation. EIA is thus an anticipatory, participatory environmental management tool (Jay, et al., 2007).
First I am focusing on EIA. EIA is determined is a preventive and proactive measure to deal with the environmental problems and threats. EIA is important in order to create
Environmental analysis is a strategic tool. It is a process of identifying all the external and internal elements, which can affect the organization’s performance. The analysis entails assessing the level of threat or opportunity the factors might present. These evaluations are later translated into the decision-making process. The analysis helps align strategies with the firm’s environment.
Filling stations are considered one of the projects that have a negative impact on the environment thus Environmental Impact Assessment is implemented to avoid or prevent a sudden increase in the number of filling stations across the world. According to Wood (2003) EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) is a tool for the anticipation of different potential environmental impacts caused by different human activities taking place in the environment. A sudden increase in the number of filling stations exerts pressure on the environment, therefore measures should be taken to conserve our natural environment.
Environmental engineering should be seen as a holistic sustainable process to engineering. Factors that include social aspects, cultural aspects and economical should not be separated from the environment (What is holistic sustainability 2010). His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum stated that: “The United Arab Emirates is not merely a financial or economic centre, nor is it only a tourist destination between East and West, but an important humanitarian centre on the international stage” (Sustainability Report 2012). To understand the purpose of environmental engineering one must look at what sustainability within engineering entails. The Oxford English Dictionary for students defines sustainability as: “...not making excessive use of natural resources” (Oxford Dictionary 2006). When looking at the concept of environmental engineering one can see that a symbiotic relationship between nature and man is necessary in order to maintain the usage of natural resources. Gilbertson stated that environmental engineering should not only protect but improve global and local factors. These factors do not only include the human population but environmental quality as well (W.E Gilbertson 1973).