1. Exercise 4.1: CALD clients
Recent studies on diverse ethnic and cultural population show that over sixty percent of of older people have at least have one admission to hospital in their last year of life. One of the most significant results is that general people has advanced care plan documents prior to last admission in comparison to CALD people.
Considering this fact that Australia has one of the most diverse migrant populations in the world, It is hard to sum up the issues and difficulties related with evidence base related to the health and social needs and existing support systems as a result of their heterogeneity.
One other study shows that the health and social needs might be happen as a result of their land area and the conditions
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of relocation, social and dialect hindrances, which impacts on their money related conditions and additionally psycho‐social wellbeing. One other factor that has an overriding impact in terms of relapse prevention for people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, particularly those from non-English speaking backgrounds, is that they are less likely to access mental health services. (The Department of health,2006). Stigma, lack of information about mental illness and mental health services in appropriate and accessible formats, and poor communication and cultural differences between clients and clinicians have been reported as major barriers to timely access to mental health services (long el all,1999). References: • The Department of Health. 2006. People from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. [ONLINE] Available at: http://health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-p-mono-toc~mental-pubs-p-mono-pop~mental-pubs-p-mono-pop-cul. [Accessed 14 May 2018]. • Long H, Pirkis J, Mihalopoulos C, Naccarella L, Summers M, Dunt D (1999) Evaluating Mental Health Services for Non-English Speaking Background Communities. Australian Transcultural Mental Health Network, Melbourne 2. Exercise 4.2: Indigenous clients Indigenous peoples, also known as first peoples, aboriginal peoples or native peoples, are ethnic groups who are the original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area more recently.(Douglas,1999) The key foundation to building a relationship in a way that is culturally appropriate for their elders is respect and this is achieved through understanding and this ought to be fundamental in all collaborations.
Engaging with and developing partnerships Indigenous communities and organisations can be a key strategy for improving older Indigenous people’s access to community care.( SNAICC, 2010: 1, 55). Social capability should be reflected in initiative and in the learning, qualities, abilities and traits of all staff inside an association.In affirmation of their poorer wellbeing and lower future, Indigenous people are included in national aged care planning and are eligible to receive community/home care packages from 50 years and over as distinct from age 65 years and over for non-Aboriginal people (Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, 2012:77).
References
• Sanders, Douglas (1999). "Indigenous peoples: Issues of definition". International Journal of Cultural Property. 8: 4–13. doi:10.1017/S0940739199770591.
• Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. (2012). Living Longer. Living Better. Aged Care Reform Package (technical document). Retrieved from www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/ Content/63AB242EFDCFCD73CA2579F3000C7E8A/$File/AGED%20CARE%20 REFORM%20PACKAGE.pdf.
• SNAICC (Secretariat of National Aboriginal and islander Child Care Inc). (2010). Working and Walking Together: Supporting Family Relationship Services
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to Work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Families and Organisations. Retrieved from www.snaicc.org.au/_uploads/rsfil/02497.pdf. 3. Exercise 5.2: Special care units for people with dementia Dementia is memory loss that occurs in the hippocampus and frontal cortex.
The brain damage is from plaques accumulating in critical parts of the brain.
What is important to understand is the negative behaviors are not "on purpose" (CareBridge Home Health Care,2018). However, since dementia is a progressive illness, patient may refuse to cooperate, not eat, run out of the house or loose his/her way. Many hallucinate or have delusions. They may not sleep at night, prefer pacing up and down, and may become socially inhibited. It takes a lot of patience and care to handle a dementia patient.Arguing with a person with dementia is like talking to a brick wall and only results in escalation.
In Australia there is limited understanding of dementia symptoms but much social stigma about “strange/unnatural behaviour”. SCU residents received different care than comparable non‐SCU residents. Most strikingly, SCU residents had greater use of antipsychotic medications.(Grunier,2008).
There is a dearth of support groups, trained care workers, psychologists or Memory Clinics. A principal review into the care provided to humans dwelling with dementia with the aid of the unit care determined an unacceptable hole in the quality of care that skill human beings are at threat of experiencing terrible care as they go between care homes and
hospitals. References • CareBridge. 2018. Exceptional care with extraordinary people. [ONLINE] Available at: https://carebridge.care/. [Accessed 14 May 2018]. • Gruneir, A., LaPane, K., Miller, S., & Mor, V. (2008). Is dementia special care really special? A new look at an old question. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 199–205.
(Davidson, F. G.) Due to the nature of dementia being a neuropsychological disorder, those affected by the disease tend to look like they will not require much care, which, in reality, they often require more care than the caregiver originally expected, leading to stress and burnout. Another effect caused by this can be the caregiver blaming themselves by feeling like they are failing to give proper care, which, in reality, can often be very far from the truth. If the caregiver does not receive help from anyone else, the task of watching over the victim becomes a daunting twenty for hour task. Sometimes, the caregiver won’t be allowed quality sleep. Over 66 percent of home caregivers suffer from some form of psychological or physical illness. The most common illness that is resulted from giving care to Alzheimer’s disease is depression. The caregiver needs to monitor their emotional well-being as well as the well-being as the person that they are giving care to. Usually, giving care to those with dementia is actually more stressful than giving care to those with cancer. When the caregiver is a family member and not a professional, the emotional toll is often even greater. It is important for caregivers to remember that they need to take care of themselves first and
Jenny Lee, Elsie Hui,Carolyn Kng and Tung Wai Auyeung (2012). Attitude of long care staff towards dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 25(1), 140-147.
There are significant health disparities that exist between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians. Being an Indigenous Australian means the person is and identifies as an Indigenous Australian, acknowledges their Indigenous heritage and is accepted as such in the community they live in (Daly, Speedy, & Jackson, 2010). Compared with Non-Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal people die at much younger ages, have more disability and experience a reduced quality of life because of ill health. This difference in health status is why Indigenous Australians health is often described as “Third World health in a First World nation” (Carson, Dunbar, Chenhall, & Bailie, 2007, p.xxi). Aboriginal health care in the present and future should encompass a holistic approach which includes social, emotional, spiritual and cultural wellbeing in order to be culturally suitable to improve Indigenous Health. There are three dimensions of health- physical, social and mental- that all interrelate to determine an individual’s overall health. If one of these dimensions is compromised, it affects how the other two dimensions function, and overall affects an individual’s health status. The social determinants of health are conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age which includes education, economics, social gradient, stress, early life, social inclusion, employment, transport, food, and social supports (Gruis, 2014). The social determinants that are specifically negatively impacting on Indigenous Australians health include poverty, social class, racism, education, employment, country/land and housing (Isaacs, 2014). If these social determinants inequalities are remedied, Indigenous Australians will have the same opportunities as Non-Ind...
... To provide Indigenous people with adequate health care, emphasis needs to be placed on understanding indigenous beliefs and the social detriments Indigenous communities are faced with. Applying a suitable model of health to each individual situation will provide the best outcome. This was evident in the case study discussed in the essay. Rodney’s experiences within the medical world ended with a positive and desirable result, but if the appropriate transcultural care was not given, that positive result would have created a negative outcome, which could have been detrimental to Rodney’s future health.
The authors describe Indigenous perspectives on health and well-being based on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s historical and cultural backgrounds. In the Indigenous culture, health comprises not just physical and mental health, but emotional well-being, social and environmental factors as well. Moreover, this holistic approach to health is most associated with their cultural and spiritual dimension. For instance, it is important to maintain their physical and cultural connection to traditional lands as well
Minore, B., Boone, M., Katt, M., Kinch, P., & Birch, S. (2004). Addressing the realties of health care in northern aboriginal communities through participatory action research. Journal Of Interprofessional Care, 18(4), 360-368. doi:10.1080/13561820400011784
Lack of training is a noble cause of inadequate quality care. The staff may be unable to communicate effectively with people who have dementia. This can mean that people with dementia do not receive person-centred care, are deprived of their legal rights and receive inappropriate treatments, such as physical restraint.
Butler, R. (2008). The Carers of People with Dementia. BMJ: British Medical Journal , 336, 1260-1261.
For the past 500 years the native inhabitants of this land have lived a legacy amongst and became subordinates to the European colonialists. They have had to adhere to stipulations that did not translate into their way of understanding and life ethos, and were misinterpreted. “The misunderstanding of my ancestors at treaty was linguistic and conceptual. We did not understand your language or your concepts of property” (Johnson 2007:41). The legacy consists of poverty, powerlessness, and the breakdown of social cohesion that plague so many Aboriginal families and communities. These conditions did not come about by chance or failure to modernize. They were created by past policies that systematically dispossessed Aboriginal people of their lands and economic resources, their cultures and languages, and the social and political institutions through which they took care of their own (Brant-Castellano 2001:5). Due to colonial and imperial impositions the majority of Canada’s Indigenous population is amongst the most highly excluded, poverty stricken, oppressed, and disadvantaged groups. Within the past half century, Aboriginal peoples have been relentless and determined in their struggle to attain self-determination, maintain their treaty rights and dispute rightful control of land possession matters. By means of mobilization and resistance movements they have contested and are challenging the policies that originated with colonialism and continue with government policies of the present day. The following essay will begin with a timeline of significant dates in the history of colonial and present day policy and law making that governing powers have applied and imposed on First Nation populations. A portion of the paper will cover a h...
The Indigenous Peoples Movement works to acquire legal protection and works to raise awareness towards the indigenous peoples’ causes globally. Indigenous peoples are generally defined as individuals who belong to a highly conservative, culturally and linguistically different non-dominant social group,—distinct from the modernly dominant society—hoping to maintain that separation with the superior culture. In addition, their cultures and traditional practices have been harmed over the centuries—complications arising from the European colonial era; still, many negative affections remain influencing their economic situations in the modern century. Indigenous peoples, who have been pushed into poor economic statuses due to the expansions of the
The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have been the first nations, which represented the whole Australian population, for centuries. However, the continuous European colonization has severely affected these peoples and, over the decades, their unique values and cultures, which enriched the life of Australian nation and communities, were not respected and discriminated by numerous restrictive policies. As a result, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have turned into the voiceless minority of the Australian population. Fortunately, in recent years, these issues became the concern of the Australian government, promoting a slight improvement in the well being of native Australians. Nowadays, there are numerous social work
Counsellors must therefore realize that Aboriginal clients expect their counsellor to address their problems in a holistic way. Kirmayer and Valaskakis (2008) believe “even in the case of individual problems, connections with family, community, and the larger environment often hold the keys to understanding the problems and facilitating healing” (p. 339). The key is to focus beyond the individuals to engage and empower communities. Meanwhile, the root causes of mental health problems such as intergenerational trauma, poverty, unemployment and lack of housing need to be addressed alongside the consequent mental health issues (Smye & Mussell, 2001).
Viewpoints: Indigenous Peoples. Ed. Diane Andrews Henningfeld. Detroit – New York – San Francisco – New Haven, Conn. – Waterville, Maine – London: Greenhaven Press. 2009. 125-134. Print
Growing old is a natural process and as such presents an unparalleled challenge for everyone. With continuous improvement in health-care services in the UK, residents are living longer. Consequently, the number of older adults who require care is dramatically increasing.
Don’t know how – Health professionals expressed concerned about not knowing how to work with Aboriginal clients and communities. This included not knowing where to start and having difficulty implementing associated strategies to do so (Rural and Remote Health, 2015).