Tierra Y Libertad! Powerful words told by Mexican leader Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution. Translated to Land and Freedom, these words claimed to stop the hierarchy and discrimination against farmers and their homes. The reason I picked this art work out of every other one is because of its meaning. I grew up hearing this famous phrase in Mexico and I never understood its meaning or why it was so important and relevant in the Mexican history. I did not know who Emiliano Zapata was or what impact he had in our lives. After some years of listening to more and more information on these words I finally understood. During the Mexican Revolution, Mexico was under the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, a character that made the lives of farmers
During the 1800s there were many revolutions that caused fighting and disagreement in Europe and Latin America. Many brave countries stood up to the mother country to fight the vicious battle for independence. One of the many countries fighting for independence was Haiti. Haiti was trying to get independence from France. In 1804 Saint Domingue declared their independence and named the new nation. Another country fighting for the battle of independence was Mexico. Mexico fought hard with Spain to gain their independence. There was a dispute between the mexicans because some did not want to fight against Spain and just stay a part of their nation and government. Miguel Hidalgo made the first public call for Mexican Independence in 1821. In document 5 there is a painting and all the people of Mexico are taking part in the movement for independence no matter what color they are. The people are taking pride in their country and beliefs by holding up signs and following Father Miguel Hidalgo.
Diaz offered foreign investors to start business in Mexico and encouraged utilization of the country’s natural resources through the investment of foreign capital (284).
In the late 1500's after the disappointment of Coronado's non-glorious expedition was forgotten, Spain had a renewed interest in New Mexico. King Philip II needed a new conquistador to go to New Mexico to obtain and claim the 3 G's (Gold, Glory, and God) for the crown and for the country. The man chosen to fill this job was Juan de Onate. Being of noble Basque blood it seems that Juan de Onate was destined to become someone of importance. It is said that the Basque people were "Hardy, self-reliant, and stubbornly strong" and "In New Spain won distinction as explorers, soldiers, and discoverers of mines on the frontier." Juan's father Cristobal de Onate was one of those Basque people described above. In 1546 Cristobal along with a few other Basque men discovered a silver mine in Mexico, but was already rich due to his many encomiendas, his salary as a lieutenant-governor, and many other businesses he owned. Given Juan de Onate's tremendous wealth and outstanding family history King Philip thought that he had found an excellent conquistador, but would soon find out that he was wrong.
Captivation or being restrained due to certain circumstances that prevents free choice is usually one of many great reasons to form revolutionary ideas. To get from captivation to liberation, one must consider change, a major component needed in order to gain freedom after enslavement. Latin America, in the eighteen hundreds, sought the need for change due to the resentment of the Spanish rule. Simon Bolivar, the revolutionary leader of Latin America, will seek independence from Spain. It was in Jamaica where Bolivar wrote a letter known as the “Jamaican Letter”, one of Bolivar’s greatest proposals. The letter emphasizes his thoughts and meanings of the revolution while envisioning a variety of governmental structures, of the New World, that could one day be recognized.
Emiliano Zapata, born on August 8, 1879, in the village of Anenecuilco, Morelos (Mexico), Emiliano Zapata was of mestizo heritage and the son of a peasant medier, (a sharecropper or owner of a small plot of land). From the age of eighteen, after the death of his father, he had to support his mother and three sisters and managed to do so very successfully. The little farm prospered enough to allow Zapata to augment the already respectable status he had in his native village. In September of 1909, the residents of Anenecuilco elected Emiliano Zapata president of the village's "defense committee," an age-old group charged with defending the community's interests. In this position, it was Zapata's duty to represent his village's rights before the president-dictator of Mexico, Porfirio Díaz, and the governor of Morelos, Pablo Escandón. During the 1880s, Mexico had experienced a boom in sugar cane production, a development that led to the acquisition of more and more land by the hacienderos or plantation owners. Their plantations grew while whole villages disappeared and more and more medieros and other peasants lost their livelihoods or were forced to work on the haciendas. It was under these conditions that a plantation called El Hospital neighboring Zapata's village began encroaching more and more upon the small farmers' lands. This was the first conflict in which Emiliano Zapata established his reputation as a fighter and leader. He led various peaceful occupations and re-divisions of land, increasing his status and his fame to give him regional recognition.
In the early 1900’s, one man bested the rival troops and used his intelligence to defeat the oppressive Mexican regime. Doroteo Arango Arámbula, also known as Pancho Villa, was born into a poor family and worked in the fields. Pancho Villa escalated from a peasant outlaw into a well-known revolutionary war strategist and folk hero. Pancho Villa could easily outsmart troops and use his popularity to help his cause for equality. His actions could not atone for any previous transgressions in his life of crime, but his tactics as a revolutionary war commander made him almost unstoppable when it came to fighting for equality. Pancho Villa was an important factor in the Mexican Revolution and its beginnings. He was one of the first revolutionaries to fight against the Mexican government, and successfully evaded and won fights against the United States government. His greatest achievement was the amount of influence he delivered the poor, and empowered them to fight for their rights.
As mentioned previously war time creates hardships and sometimes those hardships are difficult to recover from. The outcome of the Mexican Revolution included millions of peasants being killed. Marentes describes peasants as hard-working, highly skilled agricultural labors. With the loss of so many peasants the harvest became scarce and many were lacking work. The Mexican government was unable to replenish resources and improve the way of life in Mexico causing ...
In 1910, the first social upheaval of the 20th century was unleashed in Mexico. Known as the Mexican Revolution, its historical importance and impact inspired an abundance of internationally renowned South American authors. Mariano Azuela is one of these, whose novel, "The Underdogs" is often described as a classic of modern Hispanic literature. Having served as a doctor under Pancho Villa, a revolutionary leader of the era, Azuela's experience in the Revolution provides The Underdogs with incomparable authenticity of the political and social tendencies of the era between 1910 and 1920. The Underdogs recounts the living conditions of the Mexican peasants, the corruption of the government troops, and the revolutionary zeal behind the inspiring causes of the revolution. In vivid detail and honest truth, Azuela reveals the actuality of the extent of turmoil that plagued Mexico and its people during the revolution. However, before one can acknowledge The Underdogs as a reflection of the Mexican Revolution one must have an understanding the political state of Mexico prior to the Revolution and the presidents who reigned during it.
“There is no freedom, but the pursuit of freedom, and the search is what make us free” ( Fuentes)
Many people, especially those who live in present day Peru, do not know who Francisco Pizarro is and what he did. There are many great and important things he did in life. He made a great impact in American History. He was a Spanish explorer and a conquistador in his early days. He, accompanied by few of his men, were able to capture Atahualpa, Emperor of the mighty Inca Empire, and conquered the Incan Empire in the year of 1532. He was greatly responsible for the expansion of the Spanish dominion into the western side of South America and also explored the Pacific Coast of America. This are some of the things that make him important.
...sted prior to the Mexican Revolution. Susana San Juan is Rulfo’s acknowledgement that the Revolution did provide an opportunity for the lower and middle classes to better them self through urbanization, but Juan Preciado details Rulfo’s insight towards those that chose to remain within the ghost towns that the conflict created. Rulfo uses these characters in combination to reveal the shortcomings of the Revolution, mainly its failures to lift the entire middle and lower class out of poverty. He believes that all that the Revolution accomplished was to provide an escape for these groups of people, not the redistribution of land that was initially envisioned.
The Chicano movement would not have had the same amount of momentum and persistence had it not been for its prominent leader. Ruben Salazar was a very articulate Chicano, who served in Vietnam. When he came home, he saw the injustices to Mexican-Americans. There were many examples of Chicano excellence, stemming from Ruben Salazar and his journalism. La Revista, a collection of poems, stories and artwork synonymous to Mexican culture. This multitude of pieces of art is the Spring 2002 issue, features Chicanos who live in Santa Cruz county, and some adolescents from the East coast. This collection was made possible by people who believed in cultural consciousness, and the fluid voices of Latino culture. Ruben Salazar was a loud voice in the
Indigenous people of the world have historically been and continue to be pushed to the margins of society. Similarly, women have experienced political, social, and economical marginalization. For the past 500 years or so, the indigenous peoples of México have been subjected to violence and the exploitation since the arrival of the Spanish. The xenophobic tendencies of Spanish colonizers did not disappear after México’s independence; rather it maintained the racial assimilation and exclusion policies left behind by the colonists, including gender roles (Moore 166) . México is historically and continues to be a patriarchal society. So when the Zapatista movement of 1994, more formally known as the Ejército Zapatista de Liberación National (Zapatista Army of National Liberation; EZLN) constructed a space for indigenous women to reclaim their rights, it was a significant step towards justice. The Mexican government, in haste for globalization and profits, ignored its indigenous peoples’ sufferings. Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico, consisting of mostly indigenous peoples living in the mountains and country, grew frustration with the Mexican government. It was in that moment that the Zapatista movement arose from the countryside to awaken a nation to the plight of indigenous Mexicans. Being indigenous puts a person at a disadvantage in Mexican society; when adding gender, an indigenous woman is set back two steps. It was through the Zapatista movement that a catalyst was created for indigenous women to reclaim rights and autonomy through the praxis of indigeneity and the popular struggle.
Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was born in a lower middle class family in the city of Medellin on December 1st, 1949. His brother, Roberto Escobar, always said he was caring and always wanted to support the family.(Banks) Escobar began his criminal career as a schoolboy by stealing tombstones from graveyards and selling them to smugglers from Panama. He eventually drifted into petty crime until he got hired to illegaly drive coca paste from the Andean Mountains to laboratories in Medellin. During this time, he was arrested once but had the charges dropped on a technicality.(Banks). Escobar began his empire when a drug lord named Fabio Restrepo was murdered, reportedly on Escobar's command. Escobar then stepped into Restrepo’s place and began
Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. We’ve all heard these names at some point in our lives. These six nations are part of the 20 countries that make up Latin America. But do you know who helped these six nations gain independence from Spain? Símon Bolívar, that’s who. Who is Símon Bolívar? You might ask. Símon Bolívar was a military and political leader of Venezuela during its wars for independence from 1810-1824. Today, he is known as El Libertador in South America. Símon Bolívar’s leadership for the Latin America’s liberation movement symbolized the vision and statesmanship that led to an enduring legacy of freedom, sovereignty, and repeal of slavery and casteism for that continent.