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Terrorism and its effect
Terrorism and its effect
Impact of terrorist attacks
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In today’s world, so many evil ideas and acts are being planned or carried out that it is impossible to be completely prepared all the time. These acts of terrorism or evil can occur at any time and any place. These horrible acts can be done by one person, an organized crime group, or thousands of people all over the world connected through social media. In order to prevent another terrorist attack from occurring in the United States, the whole community must work together. Understanding the threats, outcomes, and risks of terrorism will make any community within the United States more resilient.
Terrorism is difficult to define because it can take on many different forms and can involve many different types of people. However, numerous
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During the immediate response phase, a first responder may get physically injured or be killed. They also have the risk of developing long term health effects or mental illness including stress disorders. Other risks to emergency responders can happen before the terrorist attack occurs. Collecting information and intelligence properly allows agencies to connect the dots so that they prevent, deter, and combat terrorism (Policing, 2008). Once the information is analyzed, it is important to make sure it is shared with agencies at the federal, state, and local levels. If information on terrorism and terrorists is not collected and shared, it may prevent emergency responders from properly doing their jobs. For instance, “police came face-to-face with three of the 9/11 hijackers in traffic stops” prior to the terrorist attack (Policing, 2008). Due to lack of information sharing, the police officers did not arrest the terrorists, which may have prevented the 9/11 attacks. It is also important that emergency responders recognize and understand the signs of terrorism. “Surveillance, elicitation, tests of security, funding, acquiring supplies, impersonation, rehearsal, and deployment” are eight signs of terrorism according to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (Recognizing, 2009). If emergency responders are not familiar with the signs of terrorism they will not be able to properly document
Retrieved from http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/268/540 White, J. R. (2014). Terrorism and homeland security (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Growing up, I was never really sure what career would fit best for me. I didn’t know which direction I was going to take and I always ended up pushing it aside because truly, it scared me. Coming into high school, I ended up with multiple injuries – I sprained my left ankle twice and my right ankle once; I also ended up spraining my elbow. This all happened through cheerleading and lacrosse. I was continually going to the hospital and started to realize what my passion was – being in the medical field. My passion for being in the medical field grew even more when my brother married his girlfriend, Yuko. She happened to be a nurse, as well as my other brother who worked as a physical therapist. Though I didn’t know what field I necessarily wanted to go into, and I still am a little conflicted, I knew my heart was in the medical field. One that I’ve specifically looked into recently has been emergency room nurses.
Being the oldest daughter of a Senior ATF Agent, I have been exposed to domestic terrorism all of my life. My father has investigated thousands of bombings, fires, and explosions for more than twenty years now. Many of these incidents were examples of the terrorism that I speak about. His experiences have taught me countless lessons and informed me of many current events. The information that I have obtained from him is far more valuable than anything that the media could ever possibly convey. Though he is always strictly guarded with the confidences of his profession, he has always provided me with a firsthand knowledge of the impact that domestic terrorism has on the citizens and law enforcement. Through him, I learn the facts of these incidents without the media’s exaggerations. Today I will share with you some of these facts. I will talk to you about the impact that domestic terrorism has on our citizens. These impacts include: the monetary damages that terrorism inflicts, along with the injuries to the victims, the shocking repercussions that are embedded into the minds and souls of the people who come to sort through the rubble to find the survivors and the remaining evidence.
Emergency Management has always been an important role in government, communities, and some organizations when dealing with planning and response to emergencies and disasters. However, since the September 11th attacks and other terrorist attacks on United States soil such as the Oklahoma City bombing, or the Boston terror attack, emergency management now has a more active and upfront role. Planning for terrorist attacks is no longer if but when.
Until September 11, 2001 public security was not very hard to bypass. On this horrific day in history not only was the United States shaken, but also every country in the world surrounding it. Airport security had failed the nation and had hence led to the event, which is now known as the “9/11 terrorist attacks.” Four planes had been hijacked the morning of the attacks with the first plane hitting the North Tower of the World Trade Center. Next came the second plane into the South Tower. The third plane then hit the western face of the Pentagon. Finally, the fourth plane landed in a field in Pennsylvania, but it was originally targeted for the White House (Kean). As a result of this event, airport security around the world has been tightened. America was targeted in retaliation of America’s support to Israel throughout the Persian Gulf War. This group was also known as al Qaeda (“9/11 attacks”). By studying the causes and effects of 9/11 people can be more aware of their surrounding and feel much more safe.
First responders have different challenges compared to the rest of the population. The challenges are due to the motto’s they swear to uphold and the public they serve. They have their own culture consisting of beliefs, language, traditions and values that are specific to their group. They are more likely to witness traumatic events that are outside the norm. They are sometime expected to kill and even be killed, especially law enforcement and military. The culture is very different then the civilian or mental health culture, for example: collectivism versus individualism. Therefore, when it comes to building a relationship with combat veterans and first responders it is essential to understand the culture. Lastly, there are common diagnosis among first responders making it important to use specific assessments. These assessments are used to identify trauma and stress related disorders such as: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Depression, and Substance Use Disorder (SUD).
The most difficult thing for most first responders to accept is the reality of living with posttraumatic stress disorder (Gilmartin, K. M., 2002). The traumatic event and the disorder change the way they see the world. The world changes from the way they saw it before the event to a dangerous, unpredictable, and threatening place (Gilmartin, K. M., 2002). The one thing first responders need to do in order to renew their corrupted mentality of the planet, is to be removed from their world and work life from time to time (Shin, L. M., 2009). Living love, selflessly giving, and serving others truly does heal the spirit and are extremely powerful in overcoming depression, isolation, emotional pain, and self-destructive tendencies (Shin, L. M., 2009).
The recent horrific attacks on France highlighted one of the number one threats to Homeland Security, which is the evolving terrorist. The Evolving terrorist threat is of major concern since 9/11 because “its demonstrated and continued interest in advancing plots to attack the United States” (). A major concern in this area for the United States is the propaganda that is used to motivate individuals who have not participated in terrorist activities or traveled to conflict zones, teaching and training them to plot and carry out attacks on civilian populations. Another huge concern to Homeland security is the threat to our cyber-physical infrastructure. “A vast array of interdependent information technology network, systems, services, and resources enable communication, facilitate travel, power our homes, run our economy and provide essential government services” (). The everyday citizen is so reliant on technology and everything in our country is so interconnected that if the cyber-physical infrastructure would to be compromised it would create a devastating chain reaction across the country. The third concern for Homeland Security is the threat of a pandemic. Even though it is noted as being a very low probability, the impact of it happening even once would be very high impact. “Increasing global
"Building Resilience Against Terrorism: Canada’s Counter-terrorism Strategy." Government of Canada, Public Safety Canada. Government of Canada, 19 Aug. 2013. Web. 09 Nov. 2013.
Local, State and Federal government have unique roles which would allow the flow of communication and resources to transition smoothly during each stage of progression. The local and state level (first responders) are the most important source as they can assess, coordinate and notify the next available resources of what is needed. State and local governments are the front runners of planning for and managing the consequences of a terrorist incident using available resources in the critical hours before Federal assistance can arrive (Managing the Emergency Consequences of Terrorist Incidents, July 2002). A Terrorist Incident Appendix (TIA) was designed to mirror an Emergency Operations Plan in relations to terrorist incidents. The TIA consists of six phases: Initiation, Concept Development, Plan Development, Plan Review Development of supporting plans, procedures and materials and Validation of plans using tabletop, functional, and full scale exercises. The TIA should be compared to those plans of existing Emergency Operation Plans (EOP) in place at the local and state level. Comparing plans before and incident allows time for comparison and revision of the various functions which will prevent disconnects to ensure coordination and
Over the past century, terrorism has advanced from random killings to enormous plans for terrorist groups. To understand terrorism, you must first define it. Terrorism as we all know it is hard to define and understand, and has many different definitions as it is used widely. The word "terrorism" stems from the word "terror", which means to instill fear in. People become terrorists when they take the actions towards instilling fear and terror upon people to prove a certain point or agenda.
The U.S. Department of State defines terrorism as, “The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological”. Whereas the Belgium Red Cross says that terrorism is committed “for the purpose of intimidating the population, forcing a third party to act or destablishing or destroying the fundamental structures of a country or of an international organization”.
Emergency Medical Services are a system of emergency services committed to delivering emergency and immediate medical care outside of a hospital, transportation to definitive care, in attempt to establish a efficient system by which individuals do not try to transport themselves or administer non-professional medical care. The primary goal of most Emergency Medical Services is to offer treatment to those in demand of urgent medical care, with the objective of adequately treating the current conditions, or organizing for a prompt transportation of the person to a hospital or place of greater care.
Terrorism is one of the most extensively discussed issues of our time and at the same time it is also one of the least understood. The term itself “terrorism” means many different things to different people, cultures, and races. As a result, trying to define or classify terrorism with one universal definition is nearly impossible. The definition of terrorism used in this research is a reflection of much of the Western and American way of defining it. The definition of terrorism is,
First Aid is the initial care for an illness or injury. First Aid is usually performed in emergency situations by a non-professional person. First Aid can be performed on animals although it is generally meant for the care of humans. Going back to the beginning of the practice of First Aid, it was first practiced by the religious knights in the Eleventh Century. Care was provided to the Pilgrims and Knights as well as training on how to care for common battle wounds. Aid came to a halt during the High Middle Ages and organizations were not seen again until 1859. A few years later, a few nations met in Geneva and formed what we know to be the Red Cross. The main purpose of the Red Cross was to give Aid to the sick and wounded soldiers during battle. In 1878, the formation of St. John Ambulance was put into effect. The ambulance was generally for aid to people in emergencies. Large railway centers, mining districts and police forces were the first to pair with ambulances. Also in 1878 the concept of teaching First Aid to civilians was announced. Surgeon-Major Peter Shepherd and Dr. Coleman performed the first First Aid class with a curriculum that they had formed. First Aid training began to grow in the UK with high risk activities.