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The effects of divorce on children
The effects of divorce on children
Divorce Effects on Children's Mental Health
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Divorce is a very common word in today's society. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, "divorce is the legal dissolution of a marriage or a complete or radical severance of closely connected things"(Pickett, 2000). This dissolution of marriage has increased very rapidly in the past fifty years. In 1950 the ratio of divorce to marriage was one in every four; in 1977 that statistic became one in two. Currently one in every two first marriages results in divorce. In second marriages that figure is considerably higher, with a 67% average (National Vital Statistics Report, 2001). One critical aspect of divorce is often not taken into consideration: How it affects children. Every year 1.1 million children are affected by divorce (Benjamin, 2000). Children from divorce or separation often exhibit behavioral and long-term adjustment problems (Kelly, 2000). Throughout this paper I will discuss divorces effects on children at different age levels, how they react, and what can be done to help them. When a couple with a child chooses to get a divorce this can have major impact on a child at any age. There are many causes of stress throughout the divorce process that can negatively affect children. First, negative reactions and behaviors are dependent upon the situation before the divorce. Some studies show that how much parents fight, how it is done, how it is resolved, and what precautions are taken to protect the children from it's effects are the most important predictors of child adjustment (Kelly, 2000). Meaning that if children are exposed to fights about custody, money, or the failing marriage they could feel the repercussions of their parents conflict. Next, divorce can cause children to have heightened fear... ... middle of paper ... ...Statistics Reports. Retrieved November 3, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr50/nvsr50_14.pdf Cummins, H.J. (2000). Children of divorce haunted by it into adulthood. Star Tribune. p 30A. DeBord, K. (1997). Focus on kids: The effects of divorce on children. National Network for Child Care. Retrieved November 3, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://www.nncc.org/Child.Dev/effectsdivorce.html Kelly, J.B. (2000). Children's adjustment in conflicted marriage and divorce: A decade review of research. Journal of American Academy of Child & Adolescent. Psychiatry, 39, 963-973. Shepard, A. (2002). Court-affiliated educational programs for kids of divorce, separation. New York Law Journal, 3.
A significant portion of children in the United States are impacted by divorce. Empirical investigations verify that children of divorce are at a heightened risk for the development of psychological, social, behavioral and academic issues (Amato, 2000; Amato, 2001). Amato and Keith (1991) studied the welfare of children of divorce compared with that of children whose parents are still married to each other. Children from divorced families scored considerably lower on a range of outcomes and it was shown that these problems can persist into adulthood. Given the high rate of divorce and the negative effects it has on our youth, the implementation of effective prevention programs has great significance (Wolchik, West, Sandler, Tein, Coatsworth, & Lengua, 2000).
Stuart, I. R., & Abt, L. E.,. (1972). Children of separation and divorce. New York: Grossman
Shansky, Janet. 2002. "NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DIVORCE ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT." Journal of Pastoral Counseling 37, 73. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 8, 2011).
Divorce has become an unquestionable remedy for the miserably married. Currently, the United States has the highest divorce rate in the world. Every year in the US approximately one million children experience divorce which, is about one in every three children (Amato 21). The effects of divorce can be tremendously painful for both children and adults. Children of divorce are more likely to suffer from behavioral, social, academic, and psychological problems than children raised in two-parent families.
Graham Blaine Jr. who is the Chief of Psychiatry at Harvard University health services writes a chapter in the book Explaining Divorce to Children. This chapter is entitled “The Effect of Divorce upon the Personality Development of Children and Youth.” He addresses this chapter to parents who are considering getting a divorce or are in the middle of the divorce process. The author uses a combination of Ethos and Pathos to support his theory on divorce. Blaine uses these strategies to highlight the mixed emotions a child may endure while going through such a confusing stage of their early lives. This then gives the audience a better understanding of the certain personalities children may gain while coping with sad situation of split parents. He also draws on his experience as a psychiatrist to give statistics as well as true stories to back up his reasoning.
The purpose of this literature review is to inform readers about the effects of parental divorce. As concluded, the three main causes of distress in children due to divorce is parental absence, economic disadvantage, and family conflict (Amato, P. R., & Keith, B., 1991).
Girgis, George, & Anderson (2011) define marriage as the union of a man and a woman who make a permanent and exclusive commitment to each other of the type that is naturally (inherently) fulfilled by bearing and rearing children together. These marriages are intended to last eternity and are partially accomplished by raising children together, yet four of every ten marriages lead to divorce and of these divorces, 35% involve children (Ambert, 2009). Children tend to blame themselves for the divorce and are usually caught in the crossfire. These divorces lead to both stress and depression for children and without a strong sense of family, children will have a huge disadvantage over children with a stable healthy family (Arreola, Hartounian, Kurges, Maultasch, & Retana, 2013). Without the ability to cope with the stress of a divorce, children can be effected in multiple ways including a change in mentality, unacceptable behavioural traits and both short and long term emotional factors that will ultimately lead to a critical issue in child development.
Divorce is not only a change in lifestyle or relationship for two adults, but also the children that may be involved experience changes. Their lifestyle and their relationship with their parents also change. A child’s lifestyle and relationship with his or her parents could be damaged resulting from the decision of their parent’s divorce. Children of different ages may react differently to the decision of his or her parent’s separation. Children’s behavior may vary at the time of their age and custody decisions. The effects on a child during and after the divorce could decrease academic, behavior, and social skills depending on his or her reaction of a parent’s new spouse.
Divorce has emotional and behavioral problems on children. “Children of divorce display higher levels of depression and anxiety, lower self-esteem, and more frequent use of psychological services (Portnoy).” This causes stress on children in the short-term; however, it has been proven that only 25% of children have long-terms problems due to divorce. Some even compare the side effects of divorce on a child to the same as a child losing a parent. This causes many feelings including sadness, longing, worry, and regret on the children (Rappaport). Continuing into adulthood, higher levels of depression have been found in both women and men
Divorce is a process that many people in America go through. The divorce rate continues to escalate over the years. Divorce is a serious problem, it is a gradual process that ultimately results in families breaking up. There are various factors in which a marriage can fail and end up in divorce. Some skip the step of trying to reconcile things and make it work. In some cases it is easy for a divorce to take place. For instance, in cases where both parties are in agreement and have no children it is easier to handle a divorce. But in the cases where children are present, what happens to the kids? Both parents are at each others throats or one is devastated from the rejection, what role does the child play? It is a hard thing to cope with as an adult imagine as a little one or even a teenager, it affects them in more ways than anyone can imagine. It can affect them both physically and emotionally. The effects of divorce are immense, it permanently weakens the bond or relationship between a child and his parents. Can lead to them reaching out or looking to others for attention, causing poor attitudes, low self esteem, dropping grades, loss of virginity, use of drugs and or weapons, or in some cases mutilation of the body. There are various effects that children have to deal with that maybe extremely hard to cope with. One parent may say one thing yet the other disagrees and makes it impossible for the child to have a stable relationship with both of them. Children need both biological parents at their side to be guardians and counselors in their lives, to be examples of what they need to do to become outstanding citizens in our community.
Divorce can have a major impact on the development of a child. Sadness, loneliness, insecurity and false sense of hope for parents to get back together are just some of the feelings that a child has to grow up with when the parents decide to have a divorce. Moreover, a child may feel fear, depression, and anger, among other things. In addition, there are some effects that affect more boys than they do girls such as anger, aggressive behavior, and academic problems. The girls have more of a possibility of suffer from sexual abuse, and to be a mother at an early age. Divorced couples’ children are least likely to be happy or to succeed in life than children with both parents. Whether the child succeeds in accepting and adapting to a new lifestyle, or if he or she fails, most of the influence in the child’s life will come from the parents. The way the parents handle the situation will influence how the child handles the divorce. Children will always prefer their parents to be together, but they can learn to understand the situation if they are brought up correctly. Although children of divorced parents may develop many emotional problems, they do not have to and can learn to adapt. The majority of children learn to cope to their parents’ divorce, but some will never truly understand why it happened. Some of the best solutions to reduce these effects are communication and spending time between parents and children. Children are just innocent bystanders in a divorce no matter how justified the reason for it, the feelings of a child must be taken into consideration. There is a significant need for child mental health professionals, along with other child specialists, to be cognizant of the broad spectrum of possible fall-out from a divorce and then to provide sufficient support for children of divorced parents in all the necessary psychosocial aspects of the child’s life. Instead of feeling bad about
As a child one of the biggest worries in life was whether we should jump on the trampoline or play on the swings next, but for some children whose parents are going through divorce life is far from that. Divorce is the legal process of dissolving one’s marriage with someone. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2013), “One out of every two marriages today ends in divorce and many divorcing families include children”. The instant changes are hard to cope with for two adults, putting children through this can have a much more serious effect on them. The changes can leave the child dealing with psychological and behavioural problems, add an abundance of stress for them, and the effects can scar into adulthood.
Children react differently yet similarly in divorce. Every child caught up in the distress of divorce has a hard time coping with it and imagining their life without a parent. Their anxiety levels peak as they feel they are going to be abandoned. They experience feelings of loneliness due to the loss of the other parent. Different children go through these emotions at different levels and at different times depending on the child’s age. How bad or how well children handle the divorce depends on how the situation is handled. It can throw the child's entire life into a whirlwind.
In the world we live in today, divorce has unfortunately become a normal thing in our lives. Many married couples are getting divorced for many reasons; problems in the marriage, either a spouse having an affair, a loss of feelings, and many other types of complications. Many divorces involve children who are young and due to their age do not understand what is really going on. We all know someone who has dealt with divorce. Children are the ones who are typically affected the most by the divorce and they will have to learn to cope with their parent’s divorce at such a young age, affecting them in positive or negative ways.
For better or for worse, divorce is an emotionally daunting subject that has become more prevalent in recent years. It would almost appear as though everyone you know has either experienced it as a child or have been through a divorce themselves. Despite divorce being so well known as a concept, many of the repercussions of going through one aren’t as well known. This paper will discuss issues with communication, finances, and what can happen to children that are involved in a divorce.