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The effects of gender on communication
The effects of gender on communication
· verbal vs. nonverbal communication essay
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Faculty Researchers wants to know Does sexual orientation have an impact on nonverbal behavior in interpersonal communication? Yes, sexual orientation does have an impact on nonverbal behavior in interpersonal communication. People can detect sexual orientation in homosexual or heterosexual rather they speak verbally, nonverbally or can be engaged in both communication skills at the same time. However, women and men have different ways of using body gestures and we will learn more about it throughout my paper.
The method was used in this study, half women and half men participants in the sexual orientation nonverbal test. All dyads consist of individuals of the identical sex. All homosexual participants were conscious of their own sexual
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They were then introduced for the first time by their first name when entering the observation room. The participants were free to choose a topic for their discussion provided it was about something serious and personal. The dyads were in the room by themselves for the first time being aware of the pre-installed camera pointing in the direction of their chairs. After their 20 minutes on camera there would be a knock on the door to end the session. Once the recording had been finished, the participants filled in a questionnaire to check on the legitimacy of the arrangements and to cover the participant’s subjective outlook of the situation before the purpose of the study was disclosed to them. They were guaranteed the tapes would stay confidential and the statistics used they will not be recognized also they can withdraw the consent to use their data at any time. At this time any question was answered as openly as the participants demanded before they were asked to give consent for their videotape to be used in the …show more content…
One of the participant from a purely homosexual dyad pondered the presence of the camera as exceptionally obtrusive and mentioned that it had a major influence on his behavior, he specified that he would rather his tape not be used for further processing. However, it was removed and the testing continues with the other candidate’s videotape, which the last five minutes were excused, because the projected length of the test status was identified for the participants and it could have had an impact on their behavior near the end as they possibly will try to bring the discussion to a close at an unnatural point. The tape was studied for different nonverbal body gestures using secret code schemes which were established based on the hypothesis that it would be possible to select those characteristics of behavior for recording which would serve as important indicators to answer the study question. The actual categories were defined drawing from existing coding schemes, which had to be modified to strike an equilibrium between scope, detail, and relevance. “The codes of the observation categories for body posture used the definition representing either a female stereotype (F), a neutral pattern (N) of behavior or a male stereotype (M)” (Knofler and
Nonverbal behavior is channeled by norms and most of us abide by them without being aware of them. Physical appearance, gesture and body movement, face and eye behavior, vocal behavior, personal space, touch, scent/smell, and time are all forms of nonverbal communication behavior. Norms differ amongst various cultures, ethnic, and geographic groups. There are endless ways and forms to violate nonverbal norms, and by doing so can lead to a barrier in communication, which are problematic to distinguish.
In this assignment, we made observations of nonverbal behaviors which are utilized in everyday life as a form of communication whether we know it or not. There are many ways that individuals’ are capable of communicating without even saying anything, such as, an individual rolling their eyes can display they’re annoyed, smiling at someone can portray that the individual is happy, and so on. Nonverbal communication uses many different aspects of life to portray meaning, such as, behaviors, attributes, symbols, or objects (Seiler, Beall, & Mazer, 2015, p. 109). When partaking in this assignment, I found that utilizing nonverbal communication was much easier than verbal, but I did feel peculiar when participating in these acts. The goal for the assignment was to find a nonverbal norm that we wanted to violate, and then we needed to violate this norm three different times. Once we had violated the norm we needed to observe and analyze the reactions we received. The norms that we had the option to violate were kinesics, oculesics, haptics, etc. I just so happen to pick kinesics, which is using movements or gestures to portray nonverbal communication.
However, it was removed and the testing continue with the other candidate’s videotape, which the last five minutes were excused, because the projected length of the test status was identified to the participants and it could have had an impact on their behavior near the end as they possibly will try to bring the discussion to a close at an unnatural point. The tape was studied for different nonverbal body gestures using secret code schemes which were established based on the hypothesis that it would be possible to select those characteristics of behavior for recording which would serve as important indicators to answer the study question. The actual categories were defined drawing from existing coding schemes, which had to be modified to strike an equilibrium between scope, detail, and relevance. The codes of the observation categories for body posture used the definition representing either a female stereotype (F), a neutral pattern (N) of behavior or a male stereotype
For example, because women utilize communication as a means to create and maintain relationships, nonverbal cues such as facial expressions and body language tend to be warmer, and friendlier. Men and women communicate very differently through nonverbal cues, which include facial expressions, hand or arm movements, posture, and other body movements. In fact, “nonverbal differences are larger than many other psychological gender differences” (Fischer, 2000). Men most often display visual dominance as a nonverbal cue. This is achieved through expressionless faces, steady eye contact, and a straight, firm posture. Men typically maintain eye contact longer and more frequently than women, which is associated with power and status (Barrett & Davidson, 2007). Men use touch to show superiority (Coates,
Recently, a plethora of research has been done on determining brain differences between homosexuals and heterosexuals. Simon LeVay's work on the anterior hypothalamus is the most widely discussed and debated research in the area of sexual orientation and neuroscience. This paper will examine Simon LeVay's research which declares that there is a physiological difference between the brains of heterosexual and homosexual men (5). Furthermore, it will discuss the shortcomings of his research and the n...
The term sexual orientation is known as the preference of one’s sexual partners, whether the same sex, opposite sex, or both sexes. Sexual orientation occurs when a child reaches the adolescent stages in life (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015). Adolescents activate their sexual orientation within four steps that create their identity. Adolescents are unaware of their identity at the beginning stages of sexual orientation. They work their way into the exploration stage by learning their preference of sexual partners. Once they are aware of their sexual identity, they will start the process of acceptance. Once acceptance is achieved, they will begin to integrate their sexual orientation into their lives (Gallor & Fassinger, 2010).
The beginning of this short research essay began with the author explaining what the essay will be about. This essay primarily focuses on the differences and similarities of sexuality between men, women, gays, and lesbians. It also focuses on time, because throughout time, human sexuality has changed. New scientific evidence has also helped give new insight to the human mind and their most basic needs.
Despite the large collection of literature of sexuality that has been accumulating, human asexuality has been largely ignored. Asexuality is controversially considered to be a sexual orientation and people who identify as asexual are people who typically do not experience sexual attraction (Asexuality Visibility and Education Network, 2013). Though research on sex and sexual orientations has been done for centuries, the first real suggestion that there might be people who fall outside of the heterosexual – homosexual orientation spectrum came from Kinsey and colleagues in 1948. These individuals were put into a separate category and were identified as having no erotic response to hetero- or homosexual stimuli, but otherwise they were largely ignored by the researchers (Kinsey, 1953). Later, researchers linked asexuality with negative traits and pathologies, including depression and lower self-esteem (Masters, Johnson, & Kolodny, 1986; Nuius, 1983). An issue with these studies, however, is that the researchers defined asexuality in a way that most current asexuals do not agree with. For example, in a study done by Bell and Weinberg (1978), there were references made to asexual homosexuals who simply hid their homosexuality. Many asexuals, otherwise known as Aces, would struggle with this definition because homosexuality implies a type of sexual attraction: attraction to your same sex. Because Aces typically do not feel sexual attraction to anyone or anything, they should not be classified under the same label as a closeted homosexual. Another issue is that none of these studies actually focused on asexuality. Instead, they were added on the side and generally ignored.
Burgoon, J. K. Buller, D. B. and Woodall W. G. (1989). Nonverbal Communication: The Unspoken Dialogue. New York: Harper & Row.
Genetics, biology, and upbringing are all key aspects in determining one’s sexual orientation. Many of the factors are combined to make up how a person feels or who he or she is attracted to. There is no definite answer to why someone has a particular orientation, but there are studies that sugge...
Despite how us humans are prone to communication, communication is a complex phenomena. That is why Personal and Scholarly concepts are made, to act as a guide, making communication easy. Personal theories are based on, one’s own observation about how they themself communicate. Scholarly theories and concepts are based on evidence and research. Though the fundamentals of personal and scholarly theory are different, they can often relate to each other. My two personal theories are related to non-verbal communication. While conversing, I have a tendency to avoid eye contact. I usually have to refrain myself from averting my eyes while conversing. My other non-verbal theory is about how I give different types of hugs, depending on the relationship
Axtell, E. R. (1993). The dos and taboos of body language around the world. In Social interaction in everyday life (chapter 22). Retrieved from http://www.sheltonstate.edu/Uploads/files/faculty/Angela%20Gibson/Sph%20106/taboos0001.pdf.
A common stereotype that is rehearsed in society is that women are more sensitive than men are. This “sensitivity” can mean a numerous amount of things, such as emotions, attitude, perception, observation, and much more. The notion can be viewed as a biased stereotype when it pertains to certain components, but not necessarily all of them. Take for example, in tests relating to people’s body language and non-verbal communication, it has been confirmed that women have done better than men in the majority of the tests administered. This observation is important to how truthful the stereotype that women are more sensitive than men is. Women's execution in perceiving and displaying of body language to achieve non-verbal communication is better executed than that of men’s.
In order to discuss the biology of gender identity and sexual orientation, it is necessary to first examine the differences between multiple definitions that are often mistakenly interchanged: sex, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Sexual orientation is defined by LeVay (2011) as “the trait that predisposes us to experience sexual attraction to people of the same sex as ourselves, to persons of the other sex, or to both sexes” (p. 1). The typical categories of sexual orientation are homosexual, heterosexual and bisexual. Vrangalova and Savin-Williams (2012) found that most people identify as heterosexual, but there are also groups of people that identify as mostly heterosexual and mostly gay within the three traditional categories (p. 89). This is to say that there are not three concrete groups, but sexual orientation is a continuum and one can even fluctuate on it over time. LeVay (2011) also defines gender as “the ...
...tention to how people react to one another’s comments, guessing the relationship between the people and guessing how each feels about what is being said. This can inform individuals to better understand the use of body language when conversing with other people. It is also important to take into account individual differences. Different cultures use different non-verbal gestures. Frequently, when observing these gestures alone the observer can get the wrong impression, for instance, the listener can subconsciously cross their arms. This does not mean that they are bored or annoyed with the speaker; it can be a gesture that they are comfortable with. Viewing gestures as a whole will prevent these misunderstandings. Non-verbal gestures are not only physical, for example; the tone of voice addressing a child will be different from the way it is addressed to an adult.