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The salient elements of political culture
The salient elements of political culture
What role does political culture play in our society essay
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Introduction
Political culture can be defined as certain convictions, values and attitudes which is shared by a society or larger community with regards to political activity, actions and the political system and which forms the foundation on which most political systems are based (Manheim, 1982:49). Furthermore, political culture also contains the role of an individual within a political system (Diamond, 1999: 163). Societies are largely heterogeneous in many aspects and thus it can be problematic to achieve consensus within a society about values and beliefs to form a single cultural approach (Almond & Verba, 1963: 25).
Political culture can also be classified as either broad or narrow, depending on the quantity of issues upon which the
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Functions which are however considered vital will characteristically be stable and extremely difficult to develop and change (Manheim, 1982: 50). To assess the effect of political culture on the political system, it is important to firstly consider the vital functions separately in both aspects. It serves an important function for individuals within society as it enables citizens to understand and give meaning to certain political actions (Manheim, 1982: 51). A weak political culture can possibly lead to political instability and the deterioration of a political order (Manheim, 1982: …show more content…
It can be said as leading to stability as it means that there is consensus about which political actions are deemed appropriate (Manheim, 1982: 54). It is the laying out of a framework or rules for which aspects of political activity is socially acceptable within a given society and grants the political structure with a sense of legitimacy as it requires the society within which it functions to share fundamental political beliefs (Manheim, 1982: 55). Aspects of political culture are unique across different political societies and there are many points to consider regarding these aspects. A political system must be in harmony with the desires and expectations of the citizens who are governed to obtain their support and subsequently be regarded as legitimate (Manheim, 1982:
Elazar, Daniel. "Explaining Policy Differences Using Political Culture." Reading. West Texas A&M University. Political Culture Handout. Dr. Dave Rausch, Teel Bivins Professor of Political Science. Web. 23 Mar. 2011. < http://www.wtamu.edu/~jrausch/polcul.html.>
American states each have individual political cultures which are important to our understanding of their political environments, behavior, and responses to particular issues. While voters probably do not consciously think about political culture and conform to that culture on election day, they seem to form cohesive clusters in different areas of the state, creating similar group political ideologies. Because of these similarities, it is possible to measure the dominant political culture within states or areas of a state, gaining insight into the mind-set of state residents. Whatever the state culture, whether liberal or conservative, participatory or exclusive, political culture identifies dominant, state-wide trends. The question remains whether there is an accurate way to measure this political culture phenomenon in the United States.
This greatly impacts people’s opinions of the government. The three different kinds of political cultures are Moral, Individualistic, and Traditional (Mitchell, Unit 3). A moral outlook on government focuses on the collective’s needs and desires. Government is seen as a positive force. The Individualistic approach views that government should only be where it is explicitly needed and values the role of the individual. The Traditional approach focuses on the government preserving the status quo. For Proportional representation (Mitchell, Unit 4) the seats of the legislative body are determined when, while casting votes, people select the party that they most identify with and the proportion of votes each party receives determines the number of seats that each parties obtains in the legislative body. Germany uses a proportional representation system in the lower house of their legislature (Carroll et al.). In Single Member District Plurality (Mitchell, Unit 4), a nation is divided into districts with the representative of the district determined by the person with the plurality of votes. The United States uses this system. The political culture will affect the type of system used or the opinions of the current system since many people are ruled by governments created before they existed. For a traditional population,
The culture of a community invariably determines the social structures and the formation of a society. Developed over time, culture is the collection of beliefs and values that a group of people maintain together. Culture is never constant, and thought to be continually renewed over years as new ideas and concepts become mainstream. It ranges from how people live, day to day topics for conversations, religion, and even entertainment. It is analogous to guidelines, or the rulebook of the said group of people. Society, on the other hand, emanates from the social structure of the community. It is the very institutions to which create a regulated and acceptable form of interaction between peoples. Indeed, culture and society are so perversely intertwined in a
1) What is political culture? What is the makeup of the political culture in the United States? Give two examples of how the political culture of the United States helps to unite Americans, even in disagreement.
To understand American society fully, one must understand America’s political makeup. In order to do that, it is necessary to understand a person’s political opinions and how they came about. This is done by examining how political ideology and political socialization influence society and individuals within that society. Political ideology is the set of beliefs that shape the way someone views government action; it is the way that they think the government should act and react to certain situations. In the United States, the two main political ideologies are liberal and conservative. How American’s teach the tenets and goals of the political system is known as political socialization. This is typically done through parents, peers, school,
Socialization is a gradual process that takes place as we grow up. It is the process that aids in developing attitudes and opinions that allow us get along within a society. These beliefs affect the political views we hold later in life. Through social agencies such as family, schools, peers, and media we become aware of social rules and develop a social identity. (Introduction to Sociology Pg. 96) A product of this development is political socialization, which is the process of learning political attitudes and behaviors. The idea of political socialization helps in providing the answers to the questions concerning who votes. It aids in explaining how and why people participate in politics. The strongest agent in political socialization is the family. What this means is that most children adopt beliefs similar to those held by their parents. Therefore most people will believe in and vote for issues that are important to members of their family’s. The extent to which an individual is involved in the political process is shaped by his or her family’s level of involvement. For example, a child is less likely to vote if they are raised by parents who don’t regularly go to the polls on Election Day. Children of course, don’t always copy their parents’ political learning’s, but are often heavily influenced by them. As a result, most people end up favoring the political party that their parents generally identify with. Social Characteristics also affect how an individual will participate in politics. Whether a person is young or old, black or white, rich or poor, northerner or southerner will have a heavy impact on his or her political opinions and behavior.
The idea of political culture is found within the state’s history. The history of the state is impacted by the people settled in the region, religious backgrounds, and geography. The history of the state influences the attitudes and beliefs that people hold regarding their political system. Daniel Elazar theorized a connection between the states’ history and attitude towards government by explaining differences in government between states. Every state is different with some common ground. Elazar’s theory divides states into three types: moralistic, traditionalistic and individualistic. The state’s constitution defines the powers of government with political culture bias. Because of the state constitution, the political culture influences the power and limitations of governors, legislative, and judiciaries.
Two examples of this are the system of federalism and the idea of political culture. They
Daniel Elazar was the person who found that there are three political culture types in the United States. He has a very well-known quote/definition that is “Attitudes, values, beliefs, and orientations that individuals in a society hold regarding their political system.” The take away from that definition of what political culture is that every person has a certain attitude that they feel about the government. Which he stated that to better understand the relationship towards the government and its people it to get a better understanding on how those people feel towards their government. Daniel Elazar broke them down to three subcultures in which he thought could group all Americans into each category. This theory about the government
From the beginning of time people practiced an idea of political culture; the “setting of attitudes and practices held by people that help shape their political behavior including moral judgments and ideas that makes for a good society” (Sparknotes). American political culture is based on the basic ideas of political culture, in that American political culture “subscribes to general ideas including liberty, equality, democracy, individualism, unity, and diversity; although not all Americans share the same values, a vast majority abide by this idea” (Sparknotes). Our founding fathers based the U.S Constitution on the idea of political culture in trying to make good for society, the founding fathers wanted to develop a system that tailored to
Culture refers to the collection of values, customs, and attitudes of a group of people belonging to certain area, country or a place. It shapes individuals’ habits, knowledge, experiences, and their perspectives. It is important to avoid ethnocentricity since it creates a bias in which, one views their own culture to be superior over other cultures. In the age of globalization, such single-minded bias can prove to be costly as it can lead to undermining positive characteristics of other cultures. This in return can create negative relationship with citizens from other cultures as well as their governments.
The political culture of a country is the basic values, attitudes, beliefs, and ideas of the people t...
What is politics? Throughout history, people have participated in politics on many different levels. They may have participated through a direct democracy, in which they directly governed, or they may have participated through a representative democracy, in which they participated by electing representatives. As citizens’, people have participated in politics to attain the things they needed or wanted, the valued things. Participation in politics has been the way that people have a voice and change the things that directly affect their lives. Throughout the course of history, politics has been the competition of ideas; they decide who gets what, when, where and how.
Politics is a blood sport and many of us detest it, yet politics and political systems have an immense influence on the modern human experience and our capability of achieving the good life. This is why political science is my major of choice. Individuals in society have many different philosophical beliefs, religious beliefs, languages, historical backgrounds, and ways of celebrating the human experience. The humanities study these human conditions, while political science seeks to turn that understanding into action that can directly alter the human condition and experience. Political scientists do this by researching which political systems allow society to function properly and promote the good life for its citizens. Political science can