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Strength of social learning theory
Strength of social learning theory
Case study of social learning theory
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Using the social learning theory, a recent study found that associating with deviant officers had a major effect on officers committing deviant behavior that resulted in citizen complaints. According to researchers, “officers’ vulnerable to organizational subcultures makes differential peer associations imperative, as they may enable deviant behavior by spreading the beliefs, values, definitions, and manners of expression that depart from satisfactory behavior” (Chappell & Piquero, 2004, p. 93). Officers typically approach the job in hopes of making an impact on the community and protecting citizens. It is their interaction with other officers who are involved in defiant behavior that typically affects those officers who previously followed
As stated in The Pillar of Democracy”, by Haberfeld M.R. (MAKI), Charles Lieberman and Amber Horning (pg.201), the way culture evolves depends on the individual persons. Police cultural is a set behavioral patterns passed on by the members of the teams to the new members and such patterns of behavioral pattern stay long after the retirement or departure of the one who originated the behaviors.
Social behavior responds to a complicated network of rewards and punishments. The more a behavior is rewarded, the more likely it is to continue. On the flip side of this, the more a behavior is met with negative consequences, the more it is likely to stop. In any given social situation, whether someone commits a crime is largely dependent on his past behavior, or whether someone has received a positive reinforcement to a that crime. According to Social Learning Theory, crime is a direct response to this reinforcement. So in other words, if rewards are greater than punishments, the crime will be committed. Social Learning Theory is meant to operate as a general theory of crime.
How to research or ideas fit in with the assigned reading. The study was able to illustrate the dynamics of Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory and Aker’s Social Learning Theory through the simple fact that the study focuses on social behaviors, particularly deviant behaviors that can be the result of society or interactions. These deviant behaviors are typically learned actions as a survival mechanism due to a deteriorating community. Allen and Lo constructed their study from Anderson’s (1999) study of black male behavior within poor neig...
...an also affect the integrity of a department. The book states that “if the police culture influences the level of police misconduct, it is important to change it” (Pollock 208) This culture can lead officers to believe that what others are doing is ok, and, that in turn, makes it okay for them to do it also. These views and actions can be changed by a change in supervision or by taking ethics classes.
Social learning theory was first developed by Robert L. Burgess and Ronald L Akers in 1966 (Social Learning theory, 2016). In 1973, Akers wrote a book entitled Deviant Behaviour: A Social Learning Approach, which discussed Aker’s conception of the social learning theory. He developed social learning theory by extending Sutherland’s theory of differential association (Cochran & Sellers, 2017). Social learning theory is based on the principles of Pavlov’s operant and classical conditioning. Akers believes that crime is like any other social behavior because it is learned through social interaction (Social Learning theory, 2016). Social learning theory states that the probability of an individual committing a crime or engaging in criminal behaviour is increased when they differentially associate with others who commit criminal behavior (Cochran & Sellers, 2017). Social learning theory is classified as a general theory of crime, and has been used to explain many types of criminal behaviour (Social Learning theory, 2016). Furthermore, social learning theory is one of the most tested contemporary theories of crime. There are four fundamental components of social learning theory; differential association, definitions, differential reinforcement and imitation (Social Learning theory,
Through Social Learning Theory, an individual can be studied based on the behavior acquired by a role model. Verbal conditioning procedures and observation influences the response to an individual’s personality. Environment factors contribute to the Social Learning Theory. Antisocial model is a major contribute to crime, which influences negative characteristics. The Social Leaning Theory has three core social concepts the must be followed: observational learning, intrinsic reinforcement and modeling process.
The TV show, Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, often addresses criminal deviance such as rape and murder. In the episode, “Scorched Earth,” an African immigrant maid becomes a rape victim of a rich, Italian prime minister named Distascio (Wolf). This episode highlights how status can affect perception of certain deviant behaviors. Additionally, it addresses contemporary America’s values toward types of deviant acts, and sanctions that go along with them.
...es have found that often police misconduct is learned behavior from in his organization. Police culture is defined and broken down by artifacts. Artifacts like learning police jargon, how to talk on their radio, how to write a report. I think a counter act to this problem is more community policing. Officers should volunteer a little time reach back out to the community, getting to know the people of the community will help how people view police culture and actually help the culture also. I don’t want to be a cop so I feel this information is not relevant to my field of chose.
Society impacts ethical behavior of law enforcement by holding them to a higher standard of expectation. Police officers act as protectors and liaisons in highly stressful situations with the power to make decisions over society. Holding this position requires trust and the ability to lead by example. Police officers may have to be able to recognize the ethical dilemmas, decide the
For instance, there was a lack of communication between police officers and many of the newly arrived people in inner cities. Since police officers immediately took action to dissolve a problem, it left many of the residents showing anger towards the police. Eventually causing the relationship between police officers and the residents to fail. John Dempsey and Linda Forst explains in their book, “An Introduction to Policing,” how police officers were no longer seen as members of the community. Instead they were seen as strict and their main focused was on preventing the crime from occurring, rather than making sure everyone in the neighborhood was safe. They mentioned “A lack of communication and mistrust often ensued because of the police
Society needs norms. Norms are unwritten rules that make life predictable. We have been trained to know these rules and what society recognizes as acceptable and unacceptable behaviors (Remle, Functionalism, 2016). When we act in an unexpected way, one of these norms is violated, society reacts, and sanctions are imposed. These sanctions can be positive or negative, formal or informal (Remle, Labeling Deviance, 2016).
It is often said that power brings corruption, but in reality it is an individual’s lack of character, self-discipline, and integrity that leads to corruption. Law enforcement can bring many temptations on the job, and maintaining an up most level of personal integrity can often times be very difficult. The very nature of the job surrounds officers with all of the bad things that society, produces. There can be an endless amount of training and rules put into place to try and deter officers from committing unethical acts, but in the end it really just comes down to the specific individual and their willingness to do the right thing.
Social learning theory assumes that criminal behavior is similar to any human behavior. It can be learned through a socialization process, which occurs when interacting with other individuals or social institutions. The duration, frequency and content of this social interaction leads to shaping people’s attitudes and behaviors towards legal codes. Ronald Akers supports differential association as a significant part of his revised social learning theory that attempts to explain deviance. However, he incorporates additional elements, such as differential reinforcement, imitations, and definitions. In the movie, Training Day, the trainee Officer Jake Hoyt needs to do prove himself and impress Commanding Officer Alonzo Harris in order to obtain
Researchers openly stress that in the police system, a police officer’s actions reflect the values that a department holds. (Id, p.1) Applying values into the police system allowed officers to confidently make decisions without disturbing the performance of the department. (Id,
Myers, P., Giles, H., Reid, S. A., & Nabi, R. L. (2008). Law Enforcement Encounters: The Effects of Officer Accommodativeness and Crime Severity on Interpersonal Attributions are mediated by Intergroup Sensitivity. Communication Studies, 59(4), 291-305.