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Horace mann impact on education essay
Horace mann impact on education essay
Horace mann impact on education essay
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The United States was engulfed with movements calling for social revolution before the advent of the civil war. Reformer led associations pursued transformation of education in public schools, the elimination of social problems including drunkenness, prostitution and to ensure American families remained intact and strong. They also demanded changes to the system that would uplift the lives of the poor and bring slavery to an end. Several reform agendas from this period have present day equivalent in the efforts to modify welfare, eradicate drug menace, put an end to domestic violence, and reduce crime. Although some were considered controversial, the temperance, education, prison, women's rights, and antislavery movements engineered the deepest …show more content…
change to the fundamentals of the society. During the first half of the 19th century, the evangelicals who were considered to be the society’s middle class assumed that social evils such as crime, violence, prostitution, poverty, poor child upbringing and various social harms were all connected to heavy drunkenness. In the 1840s and 1850s, reformers lead by Washingtonian Temperance Society initiated campaigns to end alcohol abuse across the country (Mountjoy, 2012, p. 27). The temperance movement mostly steered and supported by women, sought various issues among them reducing the amount of alcohol consumption in America. They wanted to minimize the influence of Irish Catholics who according to them had brought and supported the alcoholic menace. Although it took almost a century to taste success, the temperance movement influenced the society towards reduced alcohol consumption in 1919 after the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Early America was characterized by inadequate learning centers outside of Massachusetts.
Normally the children would be educated at home or sent to boarding learning centers. During the 1830s, Horace Mann led education reformers, demanded free public education at all levels for all. In 1837, Horace Mann argued that the ultimate means to ensure the improvement of all Americans was through the provision of free, non-sectarian, and universal public learning facilities (Warder, 2017). The main objectives were centered on free, equal, non-religious and equal schooling opportunities for all, offered by professional and well-trained teachers. These reforms were very important to the American society since the system was flawed. Had these reforms failed, the public schools would be non-existent, and everyone would be tutored privately, consequently, the poor would have fewer chances of attaining education. The education reforms movement tasted success in 1870 with at least free elementary schools in all …show more content…
states. Reformers, influenced by the ideals of transcendentalism, believed there had to be a better way to rehabilitate criminals. Initially, there were very few disorderly and congested prisons. Reformers sought to end barbaric measures such as public whipping and eventually hanging of notorious thieves or similar offenders. In the 1800s, the prisons did not offer any rehabilitation measures but a cell where the offender’s neck was their own problem (Lynch, 2012). Reformers led by Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) sought to change prison setup to include literary programs, libraries, less cruel punishment and treatment of mental health as an alternative to incarceration. Although so many experiments had initially failed, lasting changes started in the 1830s. Women's rights reformers of the 19th century led by the Grimke sisters (Angelina and Anna), Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fought for women’s rights using the New York State Women's Temperance Society in 1852 (McMillen, 2013, p. 104). In early America, only single women were allowed to own property. More so, divorce was very difficult or impossible to obtain so long as the husband provided basic needs. These are the issues besides suffrage that reformers including Amelia Bloomer (1818-1894) an advocate for a dress reform that would see women ditch restrictive tight corsets and voluminous heavy skirts found oppressive.The movement efforts bore fruits after several states legislated to have women retain ownership of their property as well as children after divorce. Although this was just the start, women remained sidelined ultimately gaining suffrage in 1920 after the ratification of the 19th Amendment. In the first half of the 19th century, many voices were calling for abolition.
Anti-slavery movement advocated for the repurchase of all slaves and consequent relocation to Liberia in 1822. However, lead reformist William Lloyd Garrison (1805 –1879) founder of The Liberator suggested freedom for all slaves without owner compensation and consequent integration into the society, accorded full rights and citizenship. They also demanded an end to a gag rule to allow them petition about anything (Mountjoy, 2012, p. 31). In 1865, their efforts were rewarded with the ratification of the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to end
slavery. The two reformers who were heavily involved in the women rights and antislavery reforms were Angelina Grimke and Anna Grimke notably the Grimke sisters who openly defied prohibition of public speaking. The two sisters were heavily involved in tours and campaigns promoting abolitionism and women’s rights (McCandless, 2012, p. 5). In combining the two movements for instance, in 1838 Angelina presented numerous of antislavery petitions to the to the Massachusetts legislature. Additionally, they published books laying the basis for anti-slavery and what was later famously known as the feminist theory. Although they are somewhat unpopular today, the Grimke sisters also advocated for equality of humankind that encompassed both the oppressed women and the slaves. In their lectures, they argued that slavery and racism that impounded black men was similar to oppression against women, it prevented them from achieving their full potential and thus the need to end both. In conclusion, the reform movements laid a strong foundation for change in the American society. For instance, the temperance movement succeeded in creating awareness about the dangers of alcohol. The reformers also succeeded in pushing for equal treatment of humankind in the society including rehabilitation of offenders. These reforms assisted in identifying the existing inequalities and consequently eventual changes in education, slavery and women rights. Although the modern society is not perfect either, these movements played an influential role in changing the American society to accommodate every citizen and elevate America to a whole new level.
Some of the evils that the reformers of the period 1820-1860 were attempting to eliminate was the increased alcohol usage in that time period. The temperance movement was important because many people living in the northern United States were operating machinery and factory owners did not want their employees drunk while operating heavy machinery. Another evil that the reformers of the period were trying to eliminate was slavery. Many of the abolitionist came from the northern United States and believed that blacks should have equal rights to whites. Another evil that the reformers were attempting to eliminate was the inequality of women. Similar to slavery, many reformers believed that women should have equal rights to males in terms of pay for work, political rights, and social conventions. Next, the reformers were attempting to reform the education system. The reformers were attempting to make the education more public and with a more comprehensive curriculum. Lastly, another reform was a religious reform in which preachers were attempting to spread Christianity and inspire people to become more involved in Christianity.
From the start of the American Civil War, 1860, until the end of the Reconstruction, 1877, the United States of America endured what can be considered a revolution. Prior to the year 1860, there was a lack of union because of central government power flourishing rather than state power. Therefore, there was a split of opposite sides, North and South, fighting for authority. One major issue that came into mind was of slavery. At first, there were enactments that were issued to limit or rather prevent conflict to erupt, such as the numerous compromises, Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. They did not fulfill the needs of the states, South states in particular; therefore, in the year 1860, the Civil War had commenced. There was the issue of inequality of Blacks in suffrage, politics, and the use of public facilities. However, much constitutional and social advancement in the period culminated in the revolution. To a radical extent, constitutional development between 1860 and 1877 amount to a revolution because of events like the Emancipation Proclamation, Civil Rights Act, the amendments that tried to change African Americans lives in American Society and contributed to get the union together. There is the social developments as well that to a lesser extent had amounted to the revolution because of organizations like the Klu Klux Klan, Freedmen’s Bureau lacking, and discrimination against African Americans that caused progression of violence and white supremacy.
Both constitutional and social developments greatly changed the United States to a revolutionary proportion between 1860 and 1877. The new amendments and the fight for civil rights altered the previous way of life and forever changed American society. Inequality, fear, and corruption sent the United States into turmoil that would transform the country and lead to a revolution of change.
The Antebellum Era between the years of 1825 to 1850 was abundant with many reform movements that signified great change within the people of the nation. Although many of these changes were good and lasting reforms, extremists’ stark views did the contrary and inhibited change. Luckily, reform movements such as the women’s rights movement, the abolition of slavery, and temperance all led the nation in the right direction towards the expansion of democratic ideals. These ideals encompass the belief that all citizens are equal and are entitled to certain unalienable rights.
From 1860 to 1877, the American people faced several constitutional and social issues. For example, the after-effects of the Civil War, power struggle between the state and federal government, issues with civil liberties and suffrage, the rights of free black men, and resentment of white men, have all become critical issues. These critical issues needed immediate resolutions. Therefore, resolutions were created to solve these problems and those resolutions called for new constitutional and social developments that have amount to a revolution.
--Noah webster also known as the "School Master of America", published the blue back speller to teach students about the U.S becoming America's textbook. Thomas Jefferson believed the survival of the democracy depended on the education of U.S citizens, no education for slaves, only three years for women, and only focused on finding smart white men. His ideas were considered radical. His bill for the education was defeated every time and he created the University of Virginia. His biggest belief was that public education was essential to a democracy. Horace Mann 1830-1840s, in Massuchusetts state senate, first secretary of education, and visited over 1000 schools reporting on their conditions resulting in him wanting to change public schools. He said governments have to make the changes. Through lectures and conventions he created the common schools which included everyone and was supported through taxes. He standardized al...
The Effects of American Reform Movements in the 1900s Living in the United States of America is all about opportunity. The opportunity to get a good job, make money, and lead a life of good quality; in other words, the opportunity to live, live, and live the Pursuit of Happiness. However, the opportunity for many people was not around throughout the 1800s. Certain groups of people did not hold the basic rights that were guaranteed by the Constitution. In fact, most of the people that had opportunity were the wealthy white men, and few other people ever had any chance to lead a good life.
Abolitionism quickly gained popularity since 1821 when William Lloyd Garrison assisted in writing an anti-slavery newspaper, The Genius of Universal Emancipation, with Benjamin Lundy. In 1831, abolitionism continued to grow in popularity when William Lloyd Garrison started The Liberator. Although there remained not a need for slaves in the North, slavery remained very big in the South for growing “cash crops.” The majority of the abolitionists who inhabited the North organized speeches, meetings, and newspapers to spread their cause. Initially, only small revolts and fights occurred.
In the mid to late 1800s, a great moral reform movement swept the nation of America. Men, Women, Slaves, people who had never been admitted to influence the religious sector of the Nation were now standing up, and making their voices heard. A patriots History says, “There were transformations of attitudes about social relationships, health, prisons, education, and the status of women and African American slaves…. [This] grew into a substantial Jacksonian reform movement.” This moral reform movement was driven by three main beliefs, or Isms. These were Communal-ism, Feminism, and Abolitionism, all leading us up directly to the Civil War Without the dissent caused by these new movements, it is quite possible that the Civil War would have not broken out until much later.
Throughout the first half of the 19th century, and especially after the War of 1812, America has taken on yet another revolution. In this time period, the country saw a rapid expansion in territory and economics, as well as the extension of democratic politics; the spread of evangelical revivalism; the rise of the nation’s first labor and reform movements; the growth of cities and industrial ways of life; a rise in abolitionism and reduction in the power of slavery; and radical shifts in the roles and status of women.
While some citizens of the United States, between 1825 and 1850, believed that reform was foolish and that the nation should stick to its old conduct, reformists in this time period still sought to make the United States a more ideally democratic nation. This was an age of nationalism and pride, and where there was pride in one’s country, there was the aspiration to improve one’s country even further. Many new reformist and abolitionist groups began to form, all attempting to change aspects of the United States that the respective groups thought to be unfair or unjust. Some groups, such as lower and middle class women and immigrants, sought to improve rights within the county, while other reformers aspired to change the American education system into a more efficient way of teaching the county’s youth. Still other reform groups, particularly involved in the church and the second great awakening, wanted to change society as a whole. This was a time and age of change, and all these reforms were intended to contribute to the democratic way our country operated.
The United States was in a period of social and political adjustment in the early 1800s. Reform movements during this time period aimed to increase public awareness about their issues and to create social and political change. Groups such as blacks and women continued to be oppressed, so they created The Abolitionist Movement and The Women’s Rights Movement respectively, which aimed to fight for the rights that political leaders in the 19th century neglected. In the 1800s, the democratic values that most reform movements planned to obtain were free voting and public education. Most reform movements in the United States sought to achieve core democratic values such as liberty in different ways. The Abolitionist Movement aimed to emancipate all
The Age of Reform throughout 1825-1850 was a great turning point for American society. The ideas and beliefs throughout the reform movements greatly expanded the democratic ideals. Reform movements in the United States sought to express ideas through religion and education, start movements through abolition and temperance acts, expand beliefs by caring for the insane, and take a stand by speaking up for personal rights .
Prior to education reform taking place, Bush had to address a major tragedy that devastated the country. In response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, the creation of the Department of Homeland Security was implemented to prevent future terrorist situations. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 united 22 other federal organizations to aid in the damage caused by such attacks, as well as making the country stronger to minimize significant damage in the future. Within the department, the duties of agents were divided into four different divisions comprising of border security, emergency preparation, procedures to handle any form of terrorism, and improved knowledge clearinghouse. This reinstated the security for the American people as they
period of American history. Those working for a social change did so under a variety of