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Intersectionality
Discrimination and its impact on society
Discrimination research introduction
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In order to grasp the idea of colorblind racism, one must first understand the definition of racism and the attributes that constitute it. Racism is a belief that certain racial groups are superior to others. Examples of superiority can be elucidated in forms of moral or intellectual superiority. Terms that associate with racism includes segregation, alienation, and inequality. Contrary to the popular beliefs, racism continues to influence our society. Racism is taking a new shape and form which Eduardo Bonilla-Silva and Michelle Alexander stipulate as color blind racism. Color blindness suppresses critically important narratives of oppression, strips non-white people of their individuality, and makes the invalid assumption that everyone is …show more content…
granted equal opportunity. Our society made attempts to terminate overt racism, however, racism has taken a new mold, one in which sociologist describes as colorblind racism. Colorblind racism contains the belief that racism is no longer a problem and that we all have equal opportunities. Colorblindness prevents us from seeing the historical causes of racial inequality specifically how racial inequality persists to flourish in our current society. If we take the notion of colorblindness as a framework or lens in which one views our reality, the colorblind lens denies the reality that non-white people face. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, American political sociologist, and professor of sociology at Duke University claims that we all participate in racism in one form or another. Colorblind racism is a new prejudice. According to Bonilla-Silva the use of new jargon is implemented into our daily language and means of communication to defend the contemporary order. He gives an example of colorblind prejudice that is used in daily dialect by explaining how people state idioms such as “I am not a racist but,...” and elicit phrases that they believe strongly. The idiom is used as a buffer to speak they're true subconscious initial emotions without the burden of being deemed as a racist. The phrase is used as an excuse and salvation. Usually, the phrases are then followed up with notions like I have black, white, Spanish, etc. friends. These follow up phrases are meant to serve as justification that they aren’t racist, but rather bringing up a vague point. A myriad frame, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva brings up covers the idea of abstract liberalism.
In our current century, we believe that we have parity and equal opportunities. However, Bonilla-Silva contradicts this notion and rather labels it as a mistake. He argues that our society continues to suffer from systematic disadvantages in terms of the labor market, housing market, etc. The point that is being made on Bonilla-Silva's behalf is that when an individual fails to see color, they fail to recognize injustice and oppression. The problem that color blind racism posits is the notion that the vast majority of minorities who regularly encounter difficulties due to race, creates a society that denies their negative racial experiences, rejects their cultural heritage, as well as invalidates their individual frame of references. The cultural and environmental experiences that one endures in a lifetime is surly differentiated from one individual to the next. The gap of perspective is greater widened when we consider individuals from distinct cultural backgrounds. Culture, of course, plays a pivotal role in the variation of a point of view. Keeping this in mind, by adopting the racial ideology by treating individuals as equally as possible, without regard to race, culture, or ethnicity, sounds promising, perhaps even utopian. Although the attempt of colorblind ideology is an attempt to put aside our differences and focus on humanity as a whole, the colorblind framework fails to address …show more content…
and heal racial wounds on the national and personal level. To some degree, color blindness can be deemed as the form of ignorance rather than an ideology for unity. Color blindness makes the invalid assumption that everyone is granted equal opportunity. Michelle Alexander a writer, and civil rights advocate talk about the future of race in her Ted Talk. One of the major points that she attempts to get across in her talk is how a certain group of individuals, specifical criminals, are stripped of their humanity by being denied basic necessities like a home, a job, an education, and basic public benefits. She makes it clear that although we say that our society has come far from the old forms of discrimination that we have left behind in the ‘Jim Crow’ era are suddenly legal again. She claims that we have not truly ended racial caste in America and that we have merely designed it. Our current criminal system is currently functioning like a caste system. Contemporary racism is taking new forms, forms that include; the three strike laws, expansion in the prison system, drug warfare, racial profiling, police brutality, etc.
Our criminal justice system is biased. We see an almost direct correlation amongst mass incarceration and earlier forms of racial and social authority. Our new generation of youth is raised to believe that they will go to jail at least once in their lifespan. The kids that adopt this kind of ideology are raised in communities that are segregated, ghettoized. The youth in these communities are shuttled from decrepit and underfunded schools and transferred to “brand new high tech prisons.” People in these communities are targeted at young ages, stop, frisked, searched, as well as being subjected to interrogation, despite what actions they are partly taking in. They are then arrested for minor, nonviolent offense. The crimes that occur in the underprivileged communities occur with equal frequency in privileged white communities. However, the offenses occurring in white privileged communities are often ignored whereas their underprivileged counterparts are swept into the system, branded as criminals and felons, and alienated from the remainder of humanity. They are then “ushered into a second class into a second-class status” a status that they will the inability to
escape. The majority of Americans who view colorblindness as a tool to terminate the categorization of individuals by asserting that race is not an issue and that all individuals are treated with impartiality are individuals who are partly taking in colorblind racism. Color Blindness comes from a lack of awareness of racial privilege conferred by Whiteness. Due to the fact that White individuals have never encountered difficulty pertaining to issues of race, they are unable to sympathize and acknowledge that the condition exists. Rather than brushing aside the matter of race by attempting to blur our vision of reality and ignore the racial difference. We need to shift into a new perceptual mindset that allows both Minorities and White individuals to acknowledge and accept their differences.
examines the effects of the colorblindness approach to achieving a post-racial society. Wingfield, a professor of sociology at Washington University in St. Louis and the author of numerous books and articles concerning racism in America, focuses her research around the effects of the colorblindness ideology on individual cultures and social issues. This article appears in The Atlantic, a left-leaning news source, along with a collection of Wingfield’s other articles, mostly covering issues concerning racism and segregation in America.
Even though slavery was abolished Jim Crow laws were made illegal years ago, racism is still not gone, and this is Bonilla-Silva’s central argument in his book, “Racism Without Racists.” While racist practices are not as overt nowadays, the covert, institutionalized ways of today’s new racism are just as discriminatory, he argues. One particular sentence that stood out that sums up the first part of his argument is “that the main problem nowadays is not the folks with hoods, but the folks dressed in suits.” Because of this switch to a more covert way of discriminating against people of color, white Americans have become color-blind to racism. In turn, the country is now home to “racism without racists,” which is the second part of the author’s argument. Because racism has become so internalized in our institutions, it can sometimes be hard to recognize, or at least admit to, the discrimination that is so prevalent in the U.S. Because whites either don’t recognize or admit to this racism, they claim that they don’t see color, and that any inequalities that are at play are due to the minorities not working hard enough in our meritocracy.
In many nation states, it is noticed that there is a disproportionate number of black people especially those youngsters going through the criminal justice system. The overrepresentation is illustrated by related data released by the U.S. Department of Justice and the House of Commons Home Affairs Committee. In America, almost 3500 per 100,000 residents of the black male were sent to jail in 2013 which was over seven times more than the ratio their white counterpart had and in England and Wales, 8.5% of young black people aged between 10-17 were arrested during the same period .This essay aims to explore the reasons behind the ethnic overrepresentation in the criminal justice system and believes that the higher rate of offending for some race groups and the existence of systematic racist which partially stems from the contemporary media distortion are attributive to the overrepresentation.
Race has been an issue in North America for many years. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva discusses the new racism in his book, Racism without Racists. Bonilla-Silva classifies the new racial discrimination as color blind racism. Color blind racism is then structured under four frames (26). Color blind racism is believed to have lead to the segregation of the white race from other minorities called white habitus. Color blind racism and white habitus has affected many people, whom don’t even realize that they are, have been or will be affected.
The majority of our prison population is made up of African Americans of low social and economic classes, who come from low income houses and have low levels of education. The chapter also discusses the amount of money the United States loses yearly due to white collar crime as compared to the cost of violent crime. Another main point was the factors that make it more likely for a poor person to be incarcerated, such as the difficulty they would have in accessing adequate legal counsel and their inability to pay bail. This chapter addresses the inequality of sentencing in regards to race, it supplies us with NCVS data that shows less than one-fourth of assailants are perceived as black even though they are arrested at a much higher rate. In addition to African Americans being more likely to be charged with a crime, they are also more likely to receive harsher punishments for the same crimes- which can be seen in the crack/cocaine disparities. These harsher punishments are also shown in the higher rates of African Americans sentenced to
The United States has a larger percent of its population incarcerated than any other country. America is responsible for a quarter of the world’s inmates, and its incarceration rate is growing exponentially. The expense generated by these overcrowded prisons cost the country a substantial amount of money every year. While people are incarcerated for a number of reasons, the country’s prisons are focused on punishment rather than reform, and the result is a misguided system that fails to rehabilitate criminals or discourage crime. The ineffectiveness of the United States’ criminal justice system is caused by mass incarceration of non-violent offenders, racial profiling, and a high rate of recidivism.
Nationwide, blacks are incarcerated at 8.2 times the rate of whites (Human Rights Watch, 2000).” This difference in proportionality does not necessarily involve direct discrimination; it can be explained by a number of combined factors. Correctional agencies do not control the number of minorities who enter their facilities. Therefore, the disparity must come from decisions made earlier in the criminal justice process. Law enforcement, court pre-sentencing policies and procedures, and sentencing all have a direct effect on the overrepresentation of minorities in the correctional population.
These statistics demonstrate that racialized mass incarceration exists in the U.S. There are a few reasons why African Americans are discriminated against by the legal system. The primary cause is inequitable protection by the law and unequal enforcement of it. Unequal protection is when the legal system offers less protection to African Americans that are victimized by whites. It is unequal enforcement because discriminatory treatment of African Americans that are labeled as criminal suspects is more accepted.
The Association of Black Psychologist (ABP) (2013) defines colorism as skin-color stratification. Colorism is described as “internalized racism” that is perceived to be a way of life for the group that it is accepted by (ABP 2013). Moreover, colorism is classified as a persistent problem within Black American. Colorism in the process of discriminatory privileges given to lighter-skinned individuals of color over their darker- skinned counterparts (Margret Hunter 2007). From a historical standpoint, colorism was a white constructed policy in order to create dissention among their slaves as to maintain order or obedience. Over the centuries, it seems that the original purpose of colorism remains. Why has this issue persisted? Blacks have been able to dismantle the barriers faced within the larger society of the United States. Yet, Blacks have failed to properly address the sins of the past within the ethnic group. As a consequence of this failure, colorism prevails. Through my research, I developed many questions: Is it right that this view remain? How does valuing an individual over another cause distribution to the mental health of the victims of colorism? More importantly, what are the solutions for colorism? Colorism, unfortunately, has had a persisted effect on the lives of Black Americans. It has become so internalized that one cannot differentiate between the view of ourselves that Black Americans adopted from slavery or a more personalized view developed from within the ethnicity. The consequences of this internalized view heightens the already exorbitant mental health concerns within the Black community, but the most unfortunate aspect of colorism is that there is contention on how the issue should be solved.
Racism within the black community is a serious issue that needs to be addressed. In the black community, African-Americans are discriminating against each other, putting those with lighter skin complexions against those whose skin is darker. In the African American community, it’s like a battle of the skin tones. This type of racism is also known as colorism, the belief that those with lighter, fairer skin are treated with a higher respect than those with darker skin, this issue has been happening for a long time within the African American community. This form of racism is more offensive, severe, and different than the common traditional racism.
In the wake of President Obama’s election, the United States seems to be progressing towards a post-racial society. However, the rates of mass incarceration of black males in America deem this to be otherwise. Understanding mass incarceration as a modern racial caste system will reveal the role of the criminal justice system in creating and perpetuating racial hierarchy America. The history of social control in the United States dates back to the first racial caste systems: slavery and the Jim Crow Laws. Although these caste systems were outlawed by the 13th amendment and Civil Rights Act respectively, they are given new life and tailored to the needs of the time.In other words, racial caste in America has not ended but has merely been redesigned in the shape of mass incarceration. Once again, the fact that more than half of the young black men in many large American cities are under the control of the criminal justice system show evidence of a new racial caste system at work. The structure of the criminal justice system brings a disproportionate number of young black males into prisons, relegating them to a permanent second-class status, and ensuring there chances of freedom are slim. Even when minorities are released from prisons, they are discriminated against and most usually end up back in prisons . The role of race in criminal justice system is set up to discriminate, arrest, and imprison a mass number of minority men. From stopping, searching, and arresting, to plea bargaining and sentencing it is apparent that in every phases of the criminal justice system race plays a huge factor. Race and structure of Criminal Justice System, also, inhibit the integration of ex offenders into society and instead of freedom, relea...
Living in the twenty first century Americans would like to believe that they are living in the land of the free, where anyone and everyone can live an ordinary life without worrying that they will be arrested on the spot for doing absolutely nothing. The sad truth, with the evidence to prove it, is that this American Dream is not all that it appears to be. It has been corrupted and continues to be everyday by the racism that is in the criminal justice system of America. Racism has perpetuated the corruption of the criminal justice system from aspect of the initial stop, the sentencing in court, all the way to the life of an inmate in the prison. There seems to be nothing stopping it as it continues to grow
Racism is the mistreatment of a group of people on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, place of origin, or ancestry. The term racism may also denote a blind and unreasoning hatred, envy, or prejudice (Dimensions of Racism). Racism has had a strong effect on society. Despite the many efforts made to alleviate racism, what is the future of African Americans' Racism's long history, important leaders, current status, and future outlook will be the main factors in determining how to combat racism. Racism is still present in many societies, although many people are doing their best to put an end to racism and its somewhat tragic ordeals.
Mass incarceration is a consequence of criminalization that negatively impacts the solidarity of communities. When civilians see all the incarceration in their communities they become distressed and agitated. They find this act unfair and want justice so they become violent in their own ways. This is very common in African Americans wanting justice and it becomes an unhealthy pattern that becomes the governments problem because essentially everything connects to each other and falls in place coordinating with each other. “Human Rights Watch reported in 2000 that, in seven states, African Americans constitute 80 to 90 percent all of drug offenders sent to prison (Alexander, 99). This quote used from the book proves African Americans commit more offenses to be incarcerated and is becomes unsustainable when the statistics show these percentages and makes people assume that black people are the only ones committing these crimes. A great example of this would-be neighbors calling 911 on every little situation to occur instead of talking to the neighbor beforehand. They just assume there is chaos and would rather get the police involved instead of attempting to resolve the situation
Economic status and social standing does affect the incarceration rates of young people in the U.S. Theoretically, judges and magistrates ought to be free and fair in making judgments, but the reality is that bias does occur in a jury. Poor people are more likely to receive harsher treatment that their rich counterpart for the similar crimes committed. People from pooper areas typically live in areas where there are higher rates of poverty, and there is a breakdown in social institutions. Crime in these places is more frequent and this creates the notion that young offenders from this are unlikely to be rehabilitated. The racial dimension is also apparent in cases as ethnic minorities have larger percentages in lower social strata of the society. Couch an upper middle class killed people through drunk driving but used the affluenza defense to escape harsh treatment (Hayes, 2014). On the other hand, Gonzalez was involved in the fatal shooting of a woman in robbery incident gone wrong, and although he was not the one who shot at the woman he was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. Couch is Caucasian and Gonzalez was of Hispanic extraction, and although both were involved in the death of two innocent people, it is Gonzalez who received harsher treatment. Power and money are intertwined to the extent that the more one has money the more they have power to influence and get favorable sentences.