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Gender and roles of women in literature
Gender and roles of women in literature
Gender in literature
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Dasha Kozhevnikova
Ms. Winslow
AP English Language and Composition
18 February 2015
Edith Wharton’s Feminism “We can’t behave like people in novels, though can we?” questioned Edith Wharton in one of her renown novels, The Age of Innocence (Goodreads). As a writer, she combined her own values regarding culture and humankind into her novels. In fact, she often queried issues regarding society’s social standards and behaviors, especially emphasizing feministic ideals. Therefore, Edith Wharton thoroughly presents the motif of feminism through her novels, The Age of Innocence and Ethan Frome. Unquestionably, Edith Wharton’s specific principles and thoughts on how society should have been structured during her time period sources from her own
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In fact, this marriage is the source of many of her troubles that she expresses in her novels’ storylines (Leach 31). She numerously considered filing for a formal separation between them, but instead spent most of her time traveling and studying abroad, leaving less time to spend with her husband. Furthermore, she had an affair with a man, Morton Fullerton, who encouraged her desires to find her own happiness. Her book, Ethan Frome, greatly conveys her relationship with Edward Wharton, but through indirect methods. In fact, “woven into the book were some of her most deeply felt personal emotions” …show more content…
Because most of these principles originate from her marriage with Edward Robbins Wharton, they take a truly feministic approach. The novel is about the narrator’s experience and meeting of Ethan Frome, a character of much depth. Throughout the novel, one finds out that Ethan Frome faced the troubles of a failing marriage. The story’s plot revolves around a love triangle between him, his wife Zeena, and Zeena’s cousin, Mattie (Kitto). Zeena and her cousin prove to be immensely divergent characters with contrastive personalities and behaviors. Zeena holds a controlling, unnerving, commanding type of personality, showing that Frome married her because of an inner sense of duty. On the other hand, Mattie has a more appealing, ambrosial personality with a more submissive nature in comparison to Zeena. Throughout the novel, Ethan Frome suffers internal conflict by not being able to choose between a sense of obligation to commit to his wife and his sense of desire to be with Mattie
“Winter lies too long in country towns; hangs on until it is stale and shabby, old and sullen” (“Brainy Quotes” 1). In Edith Wharton’s framed novel, Ethan Frome, the main protagonist encounters “lost opportunity, failed romance, and disappointed dreams” with a regretful ending (Lilburn 1). Ethan Frome lives in the isolated fictional town of Starkfield, Massachusetts with his irritable spouse, Zenobia Frome. Ever since marriage, Zenobia, also referred to as Zeena, revolves around her illness. Furthermore, she is prone to silence, rage, and querulously shouting. Ethan has dreams of leaving Starkfield and selling his plantation, however he views caring for his wife as a duty and main priority. One day, Zeena’s cousin, Mattie Silver, comes to assist the Frome’s with their daily tasks. Immediately, Mattie’s attractive and youthful energy resuscitates Ethan’s outlook on life. She brings a light to Starkfield and instantaneously steals Ethan’s heart; although, Ethan’s quiet demeanor and lack of expression causing his affection to be surreptitious. As Zeena’s health worsens, she becomes fearful and wishes to seek advice from a doctor in a town called Bettsbridge giving Ethan and Mattie privacy for one night. Unfortunately, the night turns out to be a disastrous and uncomfortable evening. Neither Ethan nor Mattie speaks a word regarding their love for one another. Additionally, during their dinner, the pet cat leaps on the table and sends a pickle dish straight to the floor crashing into pieces. To make matters worse, the pickle dish is a favored wedding gift that is cherished by Zeena. Later, Zeena discovers it is broken and it sends her anger over the edge. Furious, Zeena demands for a more efficient “hired girl” to complete the tasks ar...
Ethan Frome, a novella written by Edith Wharton, communicates a story of Ethan and his life living with his ill wife, Zeena, when a new lover comes into his home. Ethan and Zeena live in a place called Starkfield, a cold and lonely location situated in the New England area. Mattie comes into Ethan’s life to help her cousin, Zeena, around the house as her sickness has obstructed her ability to do housework. This causes problems for Ethan because he starts to fall in love with Mattie as she stays with the Fromes. The isolation of Starkfield prevents Ethan from living his life the way he wanted to. That causes Ethan to abandon his dreams of college and moving away from Starkfield. Ethan becomes hindered by the isolation of Starkfield because of
Throughout “Ethan Frome,” Edith Wharton renders the idea that freedom is just out of reach from the protagonist, Ethan Frome. The presence of a doomed love affair and an unforgiving love triangle forces Ethan to choose between his duty and his personal desire. Wharton’s use of archetypes in the novella emphasizes how Ethan will make choices that will ultimately lead to his downfall. In Edith Wharton’s, “Ethan Frome.” Ethan is wedged between his duty as a husband and his desire for happiness; however, rather than choosing one or the other, Ethan’s indecisiveness makes not only himself, but Mattie and Zeena miserable.
Ethan Frome is the main character of Edith Wharton’s tragic novel. Ethan lives the bitterness of his youth’s lost opportunities, and dissatisfaction with his joyless life and empty marriage. Throughout the story Ethan is trapped by social limits and obligations to his wife. He lives an unhappy life with many responsibilities and little freedom. Ethan Frome studied science in college for a year and probably would have succeeded as an engineer or physicist had he not been summoned home to run the family farm and mill. Ethan quickly ended his schooling and went to run the family farm and mill because he feels it is his responsibility. He marries Zeena after the death of his mother, in an unsuccessful attempt to escape silence, isolation, and loneliness. Ethan also feels the responsibility to marry Zeena as a way to compensate her for giving up part of her life to nurse his mother. After marring Zeena he forgets his hope of every continuing his education and he is now forced to remain married to someone he does not truly love.
Many people oppose society due to the surroundings that they face and the obstacles that they encounter. Set in the bleak winter landscape of New England, Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton is the story of a poor, lonely man, his wife Zeena, and her cousin Mattie Silver. Ethan the protagonist in this novel, faces many challenges and fights to be with the one he really loves. Frome was trapped from the beginning ever since Mattie Silver came to live with him and his wife. He soon came to fall in love with her, and out of love with his own wife. He was basically trapped in the instances of his life, society’s affect on the relationship, love, poverty, illness, disability, and life.
In Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton, Ethan, a reserved young man was torn between two women. He was married to Zenobia Frome, but his true love was his wife’s cousin, Mattie Silver. Zeena and Mattie were different in all aspects. Mattie was a caring, loving, beautiful young girl, while Zeena was a sickly, shrewish woman aged well beyond her years. Ethan was continuously drawn to Mattie throughout the novel, as she was much more attractive and amicable than Zeena.
Perhaps Edith Wharton's reason for writing Ethan Frome, was that it so vividly reflected her own dreary life. Abandoned of any love as a child from her mother and trapped in a marriage similar to that of Zeena and Ethan, Wharton found herself relying on illicit love. This illicit love was also her favorite topic of writing, which helped her to escape her own tragedies. She spent many nights in the arms of other men searching desperately for the love she believed existed, but had never felt, which is evident in all of her writings.
In the book “Ethan Frome” by Edith Wharton, Ethan, the main character in the book, experiences many episodes of isolation persuading him to escape from and cope with them with outlets of hope, only leading to a life of permanent isolation. The story depicts a classic ironic switch of roles and a triangle of unusual “love.” With many people coming and going, Ethan looks to rely on someone to relieve his isolation and communicate with, only setting him up for trouble.
By August 1882, Wharton was nineteen when she became engaged to Harry Stevens, an eminent figure of the high class New York society. However, “by October of the same year, the engagement was broken” (Cliff Notes) due to the mother's interference of the engaged couple. Later on Wharton married her brother’s friend “Edward R. "Teddy" on April 29, 1885”(Cliff Notes). Since Edward came from a wealthy family, he was able to provide financial support for them. As a result, in 1902 the couple moved into a mansion named “"The Mount," in Lenox, Massachusetts”(Cliff Notes). Since Edward and Wharton were “intellectually and sexually incompatible”(Cliff Notes), this foreshadowed their divorce later on in “1913”(Cliff Notes). Wharton’s main justification for the divorce was “because of his unstable mental health and acts of adultery”(Cliff Notes). However, Wharton’s writing flourished after their divorce. She began to write to her “tragic love story Ethan Frome”(Cliff Notes) which became published in 1911, quickly becoming a very successful book. After Wharton’s divorce she lived in France and spent much of her early life there. After her move, “she returned to the United States twice”(Edith Wharton
Feminist literary criticism looks at how literary works portray women. They look to see if there is any social power exerted by females. Feminists also see our culture as a "patriarchal society organized in favor of the interest of men." (HCA...
Singley, Carol J., ed. A Historical Guide To Edith Wharton. New York: Oxford UP, 2003. Print.
Feminism is a movement defining the equality and rights for women. Feminism opens potential meaning in these novels as it creates a gateway for the females who are victimised to speak up and to portray their feelings and situations which arise in the novels for the women to vindicate themselves and earn their freedom from the men that surround them. Points such as male domination, marital status and infidelity, the occupations of a woman and redemption and empowerment will help to convey the important meanings through female criticisms in the novels.
A. A. Edith Wharton’s Women: Friends & Rivals.
During the nineteenth century, writers like Henry James and Kate Chopin write about women who are depressed and suppressed. Daisy Miller and The Awakening are representations of beautiful and well-dressed women who are in a state over a discontent. These two works picture the life of the Anglo-Saxon bourgeoisie. Daisy and Edna are forced to respect the traditional cultural structures. They are shaped to perform their domestic role. In American literature, Daisy and Edna can be seen as transitional fictional women from object to subject position. Feminist critics emphasize that the reason of Edina and Daisy’s suicide is the social controls. American womanhood is defined by freedom, independence, and self-expression despite social constraints.
The scandalous and intriguing novel by Edith Wharton shows how relationships can have a negative effect on peoples decisions and cause them to act impulsively. The novel is mostly based on Ethan and Mattie’s relationship, and how he would rather be with her than his wife. Ethan and Mattie both believe their relationship is positive, since they are in love. Their relationship is nothing but negative, and you can tell by the outcome of it. You can watch how their relationship effect everyone’s actions all the way until the end of the novel.