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List of alternative methods for animal testing
Alternative methods for animal testing
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Laika is the name of the first dog sent to orbit space. She was a stray dog found almost a week before the rocket was set to launch to outer space. Laika was chosen to be launched because of her calm demeanor and small stature. On November 3 1957, Laika was launched on a one-way trip to outer space, by reason of the technology at reach was not advanced enough to bring her back home. This launch was done to measure the safety of space travel for humans. Laika was a very nice and a great dog; a staff member from the space center would periodically bring her home to play with his children. Furthermore, Dr. Vladimir Yazdovksy wrote in his scientific journal noting, “Laika was quiet and charming” (Latson). Considering this was a one way trip, …show more content…
This mission angered the many people who realized that it was a suicide mission for Laika. After being launched to orbit space, Russian officials claimed that she “died painlessly in orbit about a week after blast-off” (Whitehouse). New evidence recently surfaced describing Laika’s real cause of death. The drearisome truth is that she died within five to seven hours of being launched into space from overheating and stress. This is supported by the fact that the temperature and humidity gradually were increasing and her heart rate elevated three times resting level. Laika’s story is one of thousands that show how animal testing can be cruel and inhumane. Luckily, modern day technology would not need animals to test a rocket to send to outer space. Using animals for scientific or commercial testing is cruel and inhumane, the results of experiments involving animals can be misleading and alternative testing methods are available to replace …show more content…
To begin, the Humane Society International lists some replacements of animals such as “cell-based studies, silicon chip biosensors, and computational systems biology models, can provide faster and more human-relevant answers to medical and chemical safety questions that animal experiments cannot match” (About Animal Testing). Modern day technology allows humans to create scenarios on computers to match the results on a human being that could save time and money. Geoff Watts, author of a scientific journal named Alternatives to animal experimentation, explains how computers can reduce animal testing by using: Mathematical models and computer simulations generate the most unqualified enthusiasm among campaigners. One of their underlying principles is that the biological effects of a chemical will depend on the size, shape, and other characteristics of its molecules, making it possible to predict toxicity without actual testing. The database on which such systems rely will, of course, have come from animal experiments. But once the relation between molecular structure and activity is understood, the toxicity of any new substance can be predicted with a computer instead of measured in a mouse.
The information that animals have provided scientists over the past decades has changed society, and is still changing society for the better. Millions of lives have been saved with the use of animal testing and many more will be saved with continued research. However, there are many who dismiss this monumental achievement completely and oppose the use of animals in laboratory research. Though many find this practice to be
SUMMARIZE: The article grants information on new models in cosmetics to take the place of animal experimentation. It goes on to talk about how the European Union has now banned using animal-based test for cosmetic reasoning. Pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies have been using computer-like tools to assess the toxicity it has for years. The author incorporates information on cosmetics and the outlook on further research. ‘According to experts, combination of laboratory-based with virtual work will be the future of testing and is progressing faster than they expected.” (87 words)
Stokes, W.S. “Animals and the 3 R’s on Toxicology Research and Testing.” Human and Experimental Toxicology December 2015: 7. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 February
Over 100 Million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned and abused in testing Labs every year. Animals are used to test the safety of products, advance scientific research, and develop models to study disease and to develop new medical treatments all for the sake of mankind. Animals should not be used for scientific research because animal testing is inhumane, other testing methods now exist, and animals are very different from human beings.
and Europe, which include reduction of animal use, refine animal study techniques, and animal testing replacement. According to Dana ,Bidnall, “Animals are also used, and subsequently killed, every year in many other types of laboratory experiments, from military testing to simulated car crashes to deliberately introduced diseases such as AIDS and Alzheimer 's”(49). Bidnal also states that, “These experiments take place in labs at universities, pharmaceutical companies, and testing agencies, and on farms and military bases around the world”(49). The author suggest,”Researchers who conduct experiments on animals argue that it would be unethical to test substances with potentially adverse side effects on humans; animals are good surrogates because their responses are similar to humans”(49).Bidnal contends with ,”However, some animals are chosen for other reasons”(49). According to Bindal, “Animal testing is not the only option in toxicity testing”(50). Bidnal states, “Alternatives are widely available and include human clinical and epidemiological studies; experiments with cadavers, volunteers,and patients; computer simulation and mathematical models; and in vitro (test tube) tissue culture techniques, to name just a
Nowadays, with the modern technology, it would be really easy to find alternative procedures to find a cure for a certain disease or to test if a certain cosmetic product is safe. Also, it would be easier to find an alternative way to test beauty products instead of making animals blind. Even though it is a fact that experimenting with the help of the advanced technology with no animals involved is cheaper than torturing animals, animal testing is still on-going. This is one of the many reasons why animal testing should be banned and scientists should intensively search for alternatives where no living being will be harmed or killed.
According to the California Biomedical Research Association, almost every medical advancement in the last 100 years is a direct result of animal testing and research. The use of animals has become standard procedure in a wide range of testing and experimentation, including product toxicity testing, biomedical and veterinary experiments, drug development and testing, and education. Major advancements in treating and understanding chronic conditions such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, malaria, and tuberculosis, have been achieved due to animal research. Also, the development of pacemakers, cardiac valve substitutes, and anesthetics are also direct results of the testing and observation of animals. On the other hand, many people believe that animal testing is cruel and inhumane. In many laboratories animals are subjected to force feeding, food and water deprivation, physical restraints, and infliction of pain. Because the animals cannot protect themselves, many people argue that exploiting animals to better the lives of humans is wrong and should not be permitted.
“According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation, prolonged periods of physical restraint, the infliction of burns and other wounds to study the healing process, the infliction of pain to study its effects and remedies, and "killing by carbon dioxide asphyxiation, neck-breaking, decapitation, or other means.”(Peta). Have you ever wondered if a product you own was safe to use? Did you know that millions of animals are tested on each year for the daily products you use? According to Peta, around 26 million animals are tested each year in the United States for scientific and commercial testing. Animals are used to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of medications, check the safety of products destined for human use, and other biomedical, commercial, and healthcare uses (Peta). Animals are harmed or sometimes even killed in this process. Animals are not the same as humans, therefore; the testing done on Animals is not helping our human society, it’s hurting the animals. There are alternative ways to performing testing rather than testing on animals.
The Soviets took a lead by launching the first successful satellite into space. On October 4, 1957 the Soviets launched the first successful satellite into orbit. It was called Sputnik I and it successfully entered Earth’s orbit. This first success started the Space Age. The Soviets successful launch shocked the whole world, giving the Soviet Union the respect for putting the first man-made object into outer space. The Americans successfully launched their first satellite four months after Sputnik I, called the Explorer I. The US would have had the first satellite in orbit if they were allowed to use military rockets from the beginning. But, Eisenhower was worried he would be called a warmonger if he used military rockets for launching a satellite into orbit. He told the sci...
Alternative methods are sometimes more reliable, more accurate, cost-effective, practical, and expedient Alternative testing can be used for in preclinical studies .These methods are vitro methods (human cells and tissues), silico models (advanced computer-modeling techniques), studies with human volunteers (microdosing, advanced brain imaging and recording techniques), stem cell, genetic testing methods, computerized patient-drug databases ,virtual drug trials and human-patient simulators can be used for the assessment of the safety of drugs, chemicals, cosmetics, medical devices, consumer and investigational products.
They say “the new technologies, such as software models that mimic the human body and stem cells extracted from embryos or grow from skin cells will reduce or eliminate that need for animal testing”(Animal Testing pg1 para 5). Health director Dr. Elias Zerhouni admits that experimenting on animals to help humans has been a failing disappointment and says “we have moved away from studying human disease in humans. The problem is that animal testing has not worked, and it is time we stopped dancing around the problem… We need to refocus and adapt new methodologies for use in humans to understand disease biology in humans” (PETA “Alternative To Animals Testing” pg1 para
Animal testing are experiments used on animal for scientific research. In 1981 Roger Sperry, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel were awarded a Nobel Prize for research in brain function by studying monkeys. Roger W Sperry found out that nerves linking and both hemispheres of the brain could be tempered with, without causing any life threatening events. Many animals are very similar to humans and by studying the brains of monkeys Roger W Sperry made a huge discovery about the human brain for mankind. That led to more knowledge about the brain and it's many functions. With the continuous study on animal's, many discovers have been made with gathering information on known diseases and identified new ones such as Lung Cancer, Heart Disease/Stroke, Parkinson's Disease, Neurotic Factors and Hepatitis C. Animal research is a vital necessities for medical and scientific studies to keep advancing for the benefit of humans, but the disadvantage for the animal as they are paying the price and we receive the reward to continue provide for our kind. Our medical studies has advanced since the last plague and can prevent millions of people being killed can now be treated or prevented. Without the animal research these drugs would not have been researched to be developed and produced for human consumption. With our new technology and modern technology we have the ability to perform refined surgical procedures and the medical devices to operate in. Researching in animals has been a great benefit for animals themselves with lifesaving treatment for many domestic, wild and endangered species that prevented many severe diseases like rabies, anthrax, feline leukaemia, parvovirus and other severe diseases that animals can catch, is also harmful to cert...
Jorden, William J. "Soviet Fires Earth Satellite Into Space?" New York Times, October 5, 1957. [URL] Accessed May 22, 2003.
Since experiments are cruel and expensive, “the world’s most forward-thinking scientists have moved on to develop and use methods for studying diseases and testing products that replace animals and are actually relevant to human health” (“Alternatives to Animals”). Companies claim that this sort of cruelty will benefit the human population by testing the “safety” of the products, as they have been for hundreds of years, and although this may have been helpful in the past, scientists have discovered otherwise. “While funding for animal experimentation and the number of animals tested on continues to increase, the United States still ranks 49th in the world in life expectancy and second worst in infant mortality in the developed world” (“Animal Testing Is”). This evidence shows that while we still continue to support and spend money on animal testing, it is not working as well as we thought.
There is a wealth of evidence showing that animal “models” are not accurate and cannot be relied upon for safety testing and disease research. Scientists and doctors recognize that while animals are biologically very similar to human beings, they are not identical.