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Epidemiology essay on outbreak of ebola
Epidemiology essay on outbreak of ebola
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In the following diary, Dr. Paul Framer reflected on his trip to Liberia and documented his experience and opinions of the tragic impact of the Ebola outbreak. Challenging the perceived notions of Ebola epidemiology, he analyzed possible causes of the viral transmission within West Africa. Despite its high fatality rates, Dr. Framer characterized the Ebola virus not as a death sentence, but a health crisis that simply requires a strong and efficient health care system. He examined the virus to be fueled by social and economic challenges. cultural practices, inadequate medical staff, lack of resources and health equipment(s).
Primarily, he detailed the agonizing severity of the disease as an “acute and brutal affliction.” The drastic features of the illness characterized by body weakness, fever, abdominal pain and hemorrhaging of various bodily parts further deepened the disarray within the country and led many to react with fear and stigma. Specifically, Dr. Farmer referred to incidents of violence and murders of local public health officials as well as Congolese schoolteachers. Regarded as a terrifying disease, Dr. Farmer challenged this viewpoint explaining that the Ebola remains petrifying to the nation because it is not being
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Prior to the Ebola pandemic, Liberia, a country of more than four million people was reported to have fewer than fifty doctors. Without adequate medical assistance or health education on how to curtail the transmission, many undoubtedly would remain unaware and uninformed of severity of the disease. Many would continue with their daily activities and may unknowingly continue to fuel the virus transmission. At the peak of the disease crisis, the infected would be left helpless and place the population at risk. In such state and as often observed in Africa, many in desperation may participate in unclean or dangerous cultural rituals to alleviate and/or cure the disease
Ebola from everyone’s point of view is seen as inferno. Dr. Steven Hatch’s memorable journey began with him volunteering to leave for Liberia in 2013 to work at a hospital in Monrovia to fight Ebola in one of its most affected areas. There were only a few patients with Ebola when he arrived. The number of patients rapidly increased over his time in Liberia. After six months Ebola was declared a world health emergency and not only were ordinary people outside of the hospital getting the virus but the medical personnel that were tending to the patients had caught it and some of them had even died.
After the death of Charles Monet, the stage is set for much more to come. At the time, Monet’s death was considered unknown, because the Ebola virus was not known about at the time. Medication and antibiotics have no effect on someone with the virus, so obviously it’s pretty serious. Ebola is probably one of the most disgusting things anyone could ever imagine. What is basically does is turn your internal organs into liquid that then pours out of every single hole in your body, even the pores in your skin. Another effect of this virus is coughing up your own blood. This happens because the blood clots in your arteries and veins, which forces it to come out of your mouth and other areas. Eventually your skin will just explode from the pressure of all the blood built up in-between your skin and flesh. This virus can be very deceiving because it has the regular symptoms of diseases like malaria and typhoid fever, but it can kill you within a matter of 10 days.
In the New York Times interview of Richard Preston, the well renowned author of The Hot Zone, is conducted in order to shed some light on the recent Ebola outbreak and the peaked re-interest in his novel. The Hot Zone is articulated as “thriller like” and “horrifying.” Preston uses similar diction and style choices corresponding with his novel. By choosing to use these specific methods he is advertising and promoting The Hot Zone to the audience members that are interested in reading, and reaching out to those who read and enjoyed his novel. He continuously grabs and keeps the reader’s attention by characterizing and personifying Ebola as the “enemy [and] the invisible monster without a face” in order to give the spectators something to grasp and understand the Ebola virus. Along with characterization, Preston uses descriptions with laminate
Unlike those mentioned in The Hot Zone, I, as an average American citizen, can never relate to the experiences of having Marburg or Ebola. However, I can now visualize these experiences and understand the grave circumstances Americans went under and what the Central Africans had to endure. The Hot Zone depicts the onset of symptoms from Marburg and Ebola and the ease it can travel from one victim to the next. In the situation of Marburg, Charles Monet is infected and sitting on a twenty four hour flight while showing symptoms.(17,18 Preston) This is extremely eerie as monkeys had been infected with Ebola and Marburg just by breathing it.(224 Preston)
The Hot Zone is a true story about how the knowledge of the Ebola virus was first developed and the background behind it. The Ebola virus kills nine out of ten of its victims and it kills quickly and painfully. It is extremely contagious and the blood and vomit the victim lets out can spread the virus quickly. The Hot Zone goes into detail of the experience of getting to the bottom of the Ebola Virus.
In recent decades, there are high numbers of the disease are breaking out worldwide. West Africa could be one of the most frequent happen area of the incidence of disease. These diseases easy to be spread and them usually can cause high risk of death. Ebola, one of the fast transmissible viruses, outbreaking wide in West Africa area recently. Ebola has caused 5,459 deaths out of 15,351 (Reuters, 2014) cases identified in Africa and the number of death is still climbing.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease that was first recorded in 1976, when an outbreak occurred in Yambuku, Zaire, a country that was latter renamed the Democratic Republic of Congo (Walsh, Biek & Real, 2005). During the outbreak 318 cases were recorded of which 280 (88%) died. Later the same year, an outbreak occurred in Sudan where 284 cases were recorded with fatality rate of 53%. The disease and the virus that cause it are named after River Ebola that passes though Yambuku. In the USA, Ebola killed several monkeys in Reston, Virginia in 1989 (Barton, 2006; CDC, 2000). Despite several other outbreaks, the disease has neither medically approved pre-exposure nor post-exposure interventions. However, ongoing research shows optimistic signs.
The book then begins to tell about the “Reston facility.” In the building, hundreds of monkeys are infected with a new form of the Ebola virus discovered by veterinarian Nancy Jaax. With a new viral threat the US government moves to euthanize the monkeys and collect blood samples for testing. After several mishaps, all of the monkeys are successfully killed and everyone avoids infection; however, the situation builds a sense of urgency in the book and reader to understand the nature of the violent power of nature. The book ends in Kenya with the author visiting the spot where the first two Marburg victims contracted the virus. Throughout the novel it becomes evident that no matter how well-studied we think we are on a certain virus, there will always be an adaptation or a new virus that puzzles even the most intelligent scientists. It speaks to how limited we are in understanding the true power of nature. The book also shows how driven we are by fear. The constant threat of exposure and infection drives researchers to understand and combat
Ebola, a virus which acquires its name from the Ebola River (located in Zaire, Africa), first emerged in September 1976, when it erupted simultaneously in 55 villages near the headwaters of the river. It seemed to come out of nowhere, and resulted in the deaths of nine out of every ten victims. Although it originated over 20 years ago, it still remains as a fear among African citizens, where the virus has reappeared occasionally in parts of the continent. In fact, and outbreak of the Ebola virus has been reported in Kampala, Uganda just recently, and is still a problem to this very day. Ebola causes severe viral hemorrhagic fevers in humans and monkeys, and has a 90 % fatality rate. Though there is no cure for the disease, researchers have found limited medical possibilities to help prevent one from catching this horrible virus.
Ebola virus disease is the kind of thing that horror writers dream about, it brings the most frightening of infectious disease symptoms to mind. Just imagine victims bleeding from their eyes, ears and nose. The nonfiction book The Hot Zone by Richard Preston and the 1995 movie Outbreak, are excellent examples of our perception of the disease. Ebola is highly infectious, rapidly fatal, deadly disease with a death rate of up to 90%, after the onset of symptoms. It is transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or primates bodily fluids like blood, saliva, urine, sperm, etc. or by contact with contaminated surfaces or equipment, including linen soiled by the infected person's body fluids. The disease is caused by members of a family
1). Beside the continual casualties the diseases caused, these two epidemics shared common qualities when it comes to the level of preparedness and views held by both locations. The first similarity is the economic situation in rural China and West Africa. They both lived deeply in poverty and relied on the bare minimum when it came to food, water, and shelter. This fact predisposes them to being infected by an outbreak (Buseh, Stevens, Bromberg, & Kelber, 2015, p. 33). Along with poverty, the spiritual views on medicine are vastly different from the western culture. They aren’t knowledgeable on common health safety practices because they mainly rely on religious and spiritual practices, as it was stated by an article in Nursing Outlook (Buseh, Stevens, Bromberg, & Kelber, 2015, p. 33). This was a big part of the Cholera spread in the movie, involving the burial of bodies near the river and its connection with their beliefs (Norton et al, & Curran, 2006). An article by Tomori also addressed the Ebola epidemic and its association with their culture’s method of burial (Tomori, 2015, p.
The Ebola virus was discovered in 1976. It has four strains, each from a different geographic area, but all give their victims the same painful, often lethal symptoms.
In 1976 the first two Ebola outbreaks were recorded. In Zaire and western Sudan five hundred and fifty people reported the horrible disease. Of the five hundred and fifty reported three hundred and forty innocent people died. Again in 1995 Ebola reportedly broke out in Zaire, this time infecting over two hundred and killing one hundred and sixty. (Bib4, Musilam, 1)
One of the current major concerns in the world is the outbreak of Ebola. Ebola is a infectious disease that comes from the Ebola virus and it can cause death if the patient is left untreated. The disease can be managed with treatment of the patient, however. Ebola is a disease that is a major concern in the Subsaharan African Realm, and in the North American Realm,but it is beginning to be dealt with sufficiently in the Northern American Realm.
After earning their degree, many epidemiologists travel to third world countries and cities, such as Zimbabwe, to observe major epidemics in the area and combat the afflictions. By doing this, they put themselves at risk of contracting the very diseases th...