Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Social norms disposition
Social norms disposition
What is the difference between certainty & doubt
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Social norms disposition
Doubt and certainty are intertwined; they always appear together. When Bill Cosby was convicted of sexual assault, many people were certain that he was innocent because they doubted he would be the kind of man to act that way. The other people that were certain he was guilty were doubtful that the women accusing him were lying. Absolute certainty in any situation is a result of doubting the opposite to be true, and vice versa. Consequently, when it comes to topics like sexual abuse, you must measure both sides of what you are certain of and what you doubt to form a strong position on the topic. One who believes that victims of sexual abuse should always be believed without question must understand any sense of doubt that the victim is lying. This means that the underlying causes for one to accuse Bill Cosby should be observed. Things like money and longed-after fame might lead the “victim” to create a false testimony. …show more content…
Louis Menand, author of Pragmatism, questions “what makes us decide to do one thing when we might do another thing instead?” Similarly, what makes humans so certain or doubtful about what is right in varying situations? Menand comes to the conclusion that what people morally weigh the most will help them decide. In the case of Bill Cosby and sexual abuse, does each individual weigh their certainties heavier than their doubts, or vice-versa? It depends on what kind of moral message they want to portray. People are more likely to be certain about something that lines up with your
When Mike McQueary witnessed the rape of a 10-year-old boy, he did not report it to the cops nor did he try and resolve the issue himself (Szalavitz). Instead of using common sense, Mr.McQueary’s mind might have shifted the situation into “interpretive” denial, causing the brain to portray the situation in a different way and with a different meaning behind it (Szalavitz). Sadly, Mr.Queary wasn’t the only one who chose to ignore Jerry Sandusky’s unforgivable actions. A janitor, who was working at Penn State, also failed to report another assault of a child, allowing for endangerment of the kid. Although the charging of Jerry Sandusky is recent, there is an infamous Bystander Effect case that will bring shivers down anyone’s spine. Whenever
I feel that sexual abuse is a horrible crime and sometimes hard to prove because the victim is
Starring Bill Cosby, the show was centered on an upper middle-class African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York, and were known as the Huxtable family with that being their last name. The members of the family included the father Cliff (Bill), mother Clair, five children (four daughters and one son); Sondra, Denise, Theo, Vanessa, and Rudy. This show is viewed as a comedy but does a very well done job integrating the struggles and issues of the mid-1980s to early 1990s. A few good examples of issues represented are race/ethnicity, education/intelligence, and generation.
Brott, A. (2010). A System Out of Control: The Epidemic of False Allegations of Child Abuse. Retrieved from http://www.fathersmanifesto.net/armin.htm
The New York Times bestseller book titled Reasonable Doubts: The Criminal Justice System and the O.J. Simpson Case examines the O.J. Simpson criminal trial of the mid-1990s. The author, Alan M. Dershowitz, relates the Simpson case to the broad functions and perspectives of the American criminal justice system as a whole. A Harvard law school teacher at the time and one of the most renowned legal minds in the country, Dershowitz served as one of O.J. Simpson’s twelve defense lawyers during the trial. Dershowitz utilizes the Simpson case to illustrate how today’s criminal justice system operates and relates it to the misperceptions of the public. Many outside spectators of the case firmly believed that Simpson committed the crimes for which he was charged for. Therefore, much of the public was simply dumbfounded when Simpson was acquitted. Dershowitz attempts to explain why the jury acquitted Simpson by examining the entire American criminal justice system as a whole.
The numerous ups, downs, and controversies surrounding the life of former star football player OJ Simpson have led to a strangely divided collective memory of the man. The term collective memory refers to a shared pool of information held in the memories of a group from aggregated individual recollections. The story of OJ Simpson’s life is both sad and puzzling after overcoming adversity to become one of the best football players of all time and a public figure beloved by many Simpson would go on to put himself in a worse situation than ever before.
Sometimes the victim does not look like a stereotypical victim. Smoked a lot, drank a lot, dressed provocatively, wasn’t she asking for it? Doesn’t that make her less credible? With our justice system, the standard for whether rape occurred is placed upon the victim entirely. Their thoughts, sexual history, and actions are opened up for scrutiny, criticism, sometimes outright disbelief. It is no wonder that around 66% of sexual assault cases go unreported and less than 2% of rapists are ever actually incarcerated [2]. (These are generous estimates; the reality is probably much worse.) When they are reported, people think they’re lying. Disregarding the fact that reporting rape is a very traumatizing process, statistically only 2-8% of rape reports are false reports [3]. We must dispel the idea that rape victims are lying, because the overwhelming majority of the time, they are not. This kind of mentality creates a toxic environment that prevents the victims from speaking
The importance of growing up in today’s society and being educated about sexual abuse is an important aspect of knowledge everyone should have. Many parents also do not recognize the warning signs from their children early on to prevent them from turning into something bigger.
False Consensus Effect: A Focused Review of Research Categorization and social projection are important ways that people can more successfully navigate their social environment. People need to know that there are others in their group that share the same attitudes and behaviors as they do. If people are unable to determine how many people in their environment share their attitudes and behaviors, it would be more difficult to engage in social situations without offending or contradicting others. For this reason, false consensus is an interesting offshoot of this important idea. The false consensus effect refers to the fact that people have a tendency to over-estimate the proportion of the population that shares an attitude or behavior with him or her.
Sexual abuse cannot be clearly defined with ease. In fact, sexual abuse is an umbrella term for any sort of situation, whether or not it involves physical contact, in which a sexually immature child is exposed to anything sexual in nature. Because no child is psychologically mature enough for sexual stimulation, the complex feelings associated with it are mentally and emotionally disfiguring. Children who have been sexually abused experience an array of negative emotions such as shame, guilt and anger, and may display oddly withdrawn or distrustful behaviors. They cannot help but feel that they somehow brought the abuse unto themselves (Saisan, et al). One major contributing factor to these severe psychological consequences is the concept of trust. Sexual abuse is, in most cases, committed by a parent or other trusted adult figure. While children are naïve on such adult topics, they can still get an overwhelming feeling that the attention is wrong, yet they are unsure of how to cope with it. If the child has an emotional atta...
Thus, our predictions about others' beliefs or behaviors, based on casual observation, are very likely to err in the direction of our own beliefs or behavior. For example, college students who preferred brown bread estimated that over 50% of all other college students preferred brown bread, while white-bread eaters estimated more accurately that 37% showed brown bread preference (Ross, Greene, & House, 1977). This is known as the false consensus effect (Ross et al., 1977; Mullen, Atkins, Champion, Edwards, Hardy, Story, & Vanderlok, 1985). The false consensus effect provides the basis for the following demonstration, which emphasizes the need for systematic rather than casual observation. You can use the set of six questions, below, to investigate this.
Mr. Bill Cosby a popular actor, known for his role on ‘The Cosby Show’ and a popular comedian, was first arrested in 2015 on charges of aggravated indecent assault against Ms. Andrea Constand. His case ended in a hung jury in 2017 but he was recently facing a re-trial, which lead to him being found guilty in April, 2018 and he is now under house arrest, awaiting sentencing ( Bowley, 2018). Crimes such as sexual assault are considered consensus crimes and they are viewed as the most serious form of deviance due to the united public agreement that these acts are morally intolerable, injurious, and subject to harsh penalties (Little, 2014).The type of crime committed will greatly affect the type of punishment that will result. Functionalism Functionalists
However, these percentages are based on retrospective studies and are founded on reports from victims that disclose their abuse. The book “Stolen Tomorrows” by Steven Levenkron states, "The National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center reports that only 16 percent of adolescent and adult rapes are brought to light. The reports of childhood, toddler and even infant sexual assault are of course much lower..." the consequences that follow the victims of CSA for the rest of their lives are usually so severe that even if only five percent of the population reported abuse it would still be a relevant issue. Childhood sexual abuse affects the development of sexuality, creates problems in developing intimacy and leads to many mood and anxiety disorders that follow victims for the rest of their lives.
Regan, P.C. & Baker, S.J. (1998). The impact of child witness demeanor on perceived credibility and trial outcome in sexual abuse cases. Journal of Family Violence, 13(2), 187-195.
There are so many things that I have never found really interesting to me or at least something that could make me want to try and change it. I still don’t understand why people want to hurt kids. This is not something that should be a norm in our culture, but it is. This should be changed instead of just letting it happen sure it is going to be hard to charge, but there are still things that we can do to help kids that have gone through it and their parents. It also does depend on who abused them then they can go to jail. There are still things that we do not have a real understanding as to what sexual abuse is in general. It is not a well-known topic unless some has been abused. We assume that the victim is to blame them for what happened to them, but it is not their fault. We blame people because we do not want to see the perpetrator as the one who should be in trouble. In this case we do not have the knowledge as to what sexual abuse really is. The definition of sexually abuse is a sex act that is non-consensual and this could be anything. This does not mean that consensual sex is