Table of Contents
1. Background………………………………………………………. p.3
1.1 Impact of domestic violence…………………………………p.3
1.2 Summary of available support to survivors……………. p.4
1.3 Policing and prosecution domestic violence……………. p.4
2. Aim……………………………………………………………………. p.5
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3.
Search strategy…………………………………………………… p.5
3.1 Used electronic sources…………………………………………. p.5
3.2 Advanced search table…………………………………………… p.6
4. Search result table………………………………………………… p.7
5. Reference list…………………………………………………………
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p.8/9 1.Background This literature report has been written to examine how effective domestic violence programmes are. The aim of this literature report will be introduced; search strategies will be implemented; sources and their accessibility will be presented and explained in single steps. The gathered search result will be presented in a table. Per the latest statistics from 2013 published by the UK Government, ‘approximately 1.2 million women and girls suffered domestic abuse and more than 330.000 women were sexual assaulted’ (UK Government,2013 updated in 2015). There is suggested that the amount of unreported cases is significantly higher than assumed. 1.1 Impact of domestic violence Domestic violence takes still place across all ethnicities, ages and education level hidden previously behind closed doors.
The impact of domestic violence on the individual physically, psychologically and socially is massive (Harne et al.,2008, p.2). Frequently the individual never recovers from these encroachments and needs ongoing support.
1.2 Summary of available support to survivors
Across the UK there are a range of governmental organisations and helplines available to the public, which provides free services with regards to domestic violence, sexual violence, controlling behaviour and other types of crisis situations (Women’s Aid Federation of England,2016). At first glance, this can offer hope to affected individuals. Nevertheless, the reality shows a different picture. Chief Executive of Women’s Aid, stated that ‘the situation for domestic abuse survivors is dire, and their access to vital services is dwindling’ (Women’s Aid Federation of England ,2015).
1.3 Policing and prosecution domestic violence
The most powerful, comprehensive and accessible authority is the police. Through law enforcement, own violence policy and the access to justice the police have the power to decide whether a violent incident is a crime or not or whether it is necessary to act against the perpetrators (Harne et al.,2008, p.
118). Through the rise of incidents against women and girls, the UK Government acted in previous years and implanted diverse policies such as Female Genital Act 2004. The Protection from Harassment Act 1997 was updated in 2012. As well the Protection of Freedom Act 2012 implemented stalking as an offence. In 2014 the Domestic Violence Protection Orders gave power to the police to ‘prevent the perpetrator to approach the victim or to return to their residence for up to 28 days’ (UK Government, 2015). 2.Aim The aim of this report is to identify adequate literature on how effective domestic violence programmes are. The focus will be on electronic resources as databases getting continually updated and peer reviewed. Other sources such as books can provide a good background knowledge. However, in terms of continual improvement and policy changes in that field, the risk that books are outdated is high. 3.Search strategy By using named databases and sources the following should be considered e.g. key words which support the research question and the background of the subject. Further help to gather relevant information could be the use of Full Text. Advanced search e.g. date and references can be used to refine the relevant information. 3.1 Used electronic sources In this literature report the following electronic databases have been used;’ CINAHL with Full Text, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycInfo and e Book Collection EBSCOhost’, Newman Electronic Resources (2016). By introducing the title: The show must go on are domestic violence programmes effective on basic search, a total of 12,730 results based on SmartText was found. 3.2 Advanced search table The phrases in the table below have been used by advanced search. The table represent the single steps how to refine the search result in its relevance. The purpose of this exercise is to become familiar with accessing and gathering information from online databases and E journals. SEARCH TERMS FIELD/DROP DOWN LIST BOOLAN OPERATOR SEARCH TERMS KEYWORD FIELD/DROP DOWN LIST LIMITER RESULT Domestic violence programmes ABSTRACT AND Effective TX ALL TEXT N/A 124 Domestic violence programmes ABSTRACT AND Effectiveness TX ALL TEXT N/A 121 Domestic violence programmes ABSTRACT AND Effectiveness TX ALL TEXT Publication date 1999-2016 110 Domestic violence programmes ABSRACT AND Effectiveness TX ALL TEXT Publication date 1999-2016, References available 41 Domestic violence programmes ABSTRACT AND Effectiveness TX ALL TEXT FULL TEXT, References available, Published Date 1999-2016, 30 Domestic violence programmes ABSTRACT AND Effectiveness TX ALL TEXT FULL TEXT, References Available, Published Date 1999-2016, PEER REVIEWED 29 Through refining search by keywords and limiter the results were narrowed. 10 out of 29 results (last row) will be read and presented in the search result table (4). 4. Search result table The 10 sources below have been chosen to support the research question; how effective domestic violence programs are. AUTHORS PUBLICATION PEER REVIEWED INTERVENTION APPROACH METHODS FINDINGS Stewart et al 2014 Yes DV Intervention program Quantitative Interview Follow up Reduced Violence Day et al 2009 YES Rehabilitation program Editorial - Less effective, Improvement necessary Akeonsi et al 2013 YES DV perpetrator program Editorial Evaluation of 12 studies Positive effects after treatment Bennett et al 2004 YES DV agency Quantitative - Positive outcome, victim safety Diemer et al 2015 YES DV perpetrator program Mixed Questionnaire Interviews Programmes undeveloped Wallach et al 2008 YES Treatment program Editorial Typology of men attribution Programmes less effective Milner et al 2008 YES Solution focused program Qualitative Interviews Difficulties in accessing effectiveness of outcome Mennicke et al 2015 YES DV treatment program/ prison Quantitative Pre-test and post-test, follow up Increase of positive attitude toward women Carr 2009 YES DV Family Therapy Quantitative Questionnaire Couple therapy effective in reducing DV Dutton et al 2015 YES DV Preventive Health Care Program Quantitative - Gaps in providing adequate support to DV victims By summarising the result search table, it will be considered to make small changes on the title to make it more clear what the dissertation will be about.
Domestic violence affects the victim physically often times causing injuries that could lead to hospitalization or death, psychologically involving gaining control over the victim as well, and socially by isolating them from family and friends. When we think of the effects of domestic violence it becomes clear that it not only affects the victim and the family but as in recent years, the violence can spill beyond the walls of the home into the neighborhood and the workplace resulting in what has become more and more common, domestic violence related workplace shootings. Domestic v...
Domestic Violence is a widely recognized issue here in the United States. Though many people are familiar with domestic violence, there are still many facts that people do not understand. Abuse is not just physical, it is mental, emotional, verbal, sexual and financial. Many victims of physical abuse are also fall victim to these abuse tactics as well. An abusive partner often uses verbal, mental, emotional, and financial abuse to break their partner so to speak. It is through this type of abuse the victim often feels as though they are not adequately meeting their partner’s needs.
Although domestic violence is a significant societal problem, which continues to receive public and private sector attention, intervention and treatment programs have proven inconsistent in their success. Statistics by various organization show that many offenders continue to abuse their victims. Approximately 32% of battered women are victimized again, 47% of men who abuse their wives do so at least three times per year (MCFBW). There are many varying fact...
Shannon Brennfleck, Joyce. Ed. Domestic Violence Sourcebook: Third Edition. Detroit, Michigan: Omnigraphics Inc. 2009. 276-279. Print.
Domestic violence can be described as any form of abuse towards a victim, whether physical, emotional, sexual, verbal, psychological, or economical. The stakeholders in such violence are the abuser(s), the victim(s) and the bystander(s), all of whom are affected in some form or another by the abuse. For further clarity, domestic violence in this discussion refers to situations where the principle stakeholders, i.e. abuser and victim are in a relationship, for example partners, co-workers or friends. Domestic violence affects all stakeholders, not only the victim but the abuser and bystanders, and it can be easily prevented.
Domestic violence is a terrible curse to all those involved. It inflicts harm on the victim, the perpetrator and witnesses, whether they be children or not. While support services have long been available to assist women and/or children overcome any issues that arise as a result of domestic violence, these services have left out a significant portion of victims, those that are male. In 2012 The Australian Bureau of Statistics found “That 33.3 per cent of victims of current partner violence during the last 12 months were male” (ABS, 2012) and “37.1 per cent of victims of emotional abuse by a partner during the last 12 months were male” (ABS, 2012). This shows the amount of victims that are being left behind by domestic violence support networks in their current state, despite their good intentions. For such a painful and difficult time it is not adequate to leave one third of those suffering behind.
Countries such as the United Kingdom have laws in place to assist victims of domestic violence access legal aid in order to break free from abusive partners (Government, 2012). Such laws have come under criticism for making the barriers too high for most women who are victims of domestic violence (R v The Lord Chancellor& Secretary Of State For Justice, 2014).
Domestic violence, also referred to as intimate partner violence, intimate partner abuse or domestic abuse, affects over one million people in the United States alone. It can be carried out in any number of ways including physically, emotionally, sexually, psychologically and/or financially. Its legal definition considers it to be “any assault, battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, or any criminal offense resulting in physically injury or death of one family member or household member by another who is residing in the same single dwelling unit” (Brown, 2008). In the United States it is considered a major health problem so much so that it was declared the number one health concern by the U.S. Surgeon General in 1992 (Peterman & Dixon, 2003). Not only is it a rapidly growing health problem but it is a growing societal concern as well. Extending beyond the effect felt by the victims and their families, it impacts our communities, government, law enforcement and public service agencies.
Domestic violence affects a large amount of relationships in the United States each year. As the times have changed, abuse has become less accepted as a normal occurrence, and society has begun working together to provide awareness towards violence in intimate partner relationships. “Problems of family violence are potentially the most destructive in our society” (Kurland 23). Domestic violence is a problem that begins in the home, and spreads to affect the world around it. Violence is present in relationships of all demographics, be it race, sexual orientation, or social class. No one is entirely safe from experiencing abuse, but if society is taught to recognize the signs it can save a life or even prevent abuse from happening.
Domestic violence consists of verbal, financial, emotional, sexual, and physical abuse within the household, generally involving partners and families. This occurrence of violence is acted to gain and maintain control over somebody. Abusers have the tendency to enforce fear, guilt, shame and intimidation to brainwash and maintain power. The...
Historically, domestic violence was viewed as only involving physical abuse. However, the more contemporary view of domestic violence has come to include not only physical types of abuse; but as well as emotional, sexual, physiological, and economic violence that may be committed
Most people confuse police authority with police power. What are police authority and or police power? Souryal, (2007), stated, “That Authority is the right to control the behavior of others within legally determined parameter. These include constitutional and professional limitations, which are designed to resolve conflicts in an orderly fashion. Authority stems from the practitioner’s official position and applies only to the territory or jurisdiction to which he or she is assigned. The limits of authority are usually stated in penal codes, the codes of criminal procedures, agency rules and regulations, training manuals, and often in codes of ethics. Authority applies to the handing of standard cases because, contrary to popular belief, criminal practitioners encounter more similar situations than dissimilar situations”.
Domestic violence is not just fighting, hitting or an occasional argument. It’s a chronic abuse of power. The abuser of domestic violence, controls and tortures the victim of threats, intimidation, and physical violence. Domestic violence is one of the leading causes of violence in America. The abusers are not only men, women can be abusers as well. Women make up the vast majority of domestic violence. According to the American Bar Association (ABA), 90-95% of domestic violence victims are females and 70% of intimidating homicides are females. Domestic violence is a serious crime and everyone needs to be aware of its effects. This essay presents and explains the evidence supporting the major risk factors for intimate partner homicides.
The New South Wales Minister for the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assult Pru Goward defends the program stating; ‘Many domestic violence victims do not report the violence they are experiencing to police or other specialist services, but they do seek medical attention and help from their GPs’. This however raises the question of will this program take away the one safe, trusted place victims could go for support without the worry of judgement or
“One woman is beaten by her husband or partner every 15 seconds in the United States” (Stewart & Croudep, 1998-2012). Domestic violence can interfere with the husband-wife relationship because one spouse is always in constant fear of the other. This violence could vary from physical abuse to ps...