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Theories of parenting style
Why parenting styles matter
Parenting styles analysis
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Every year, thousands of families welcome a new baby into their home. New parents today only want what is best for their children. The upcoming years are spent watching Disney movies, going to parks, taking vacations, and taking countless photographs of the new infant. As the child grows older, parents begin to develop their own style of parenting. Almost all those children brought into the world get to experience what it is to have a loving family, but for a small percentage, life is not so easy. While every parent’s intentions are the same, the parenting style they develop can have a great impact on their child. Parents with a more controlling parenting style often raise children with less confidence in themselves, a fear to express their opinions, and slight social abnormalities, while parents with a more relaxed parenting style tend to encourage the development of these traits and encourage their child to express themselves. Studies have identified three major parenting styles: authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. As the generations have changed, many parenting styles have evolved. Authoritarian is known as being the full control parent. When questioned by the child often the answer “because I said so” is given. When mistakes are made the child is usually punished in a fear instilling manner, and punishments are usually irrational and left unexplained. Also, rules and regulations are set with no chance of questioning and are to be followed accordingly (Gwen Dewar, 2014). This style can be quite comparable to a dictatorship. In contrast to authoritarian parenting is permissive style parenting, which is often referred to as too soft, or the child is in control of the parent. Permissive is parenting at its softest pote... ... middle of paper ... ...ou, S. N. (2008). Parental style and child bullying and victimization experiences at school. Social Psychology of Education : An International Journal,, 11(3), 213-227. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11218-007-9048-5 Gwen Dewar, P. (2014, April). The authoritarian parenting style. Retrieved from parenting science: http://www.parentingscience.com/authoritarian-parenting-style.html Jabeen, F. A.-u.-H. (2013). Parenting styles as predictors of emotion regulation among adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research,, 28, 85-105. Miller, A. L. (2012). Parenting style, perfectionism, and creativity in high-ability and high-achieving young adults. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 35, 344-365. Rodriguez, C. M. (2010). Parent-child aggression: association with child abuse potential and parenting styles. Violence and Victims, 25(6), 728-741.
Ishak, Z., Low, S. F., & Lau, P. L. (2012). Parenting Style as a Moderator for Students’ Academic Achievement. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21(4), 487-493.
Every family is unique in dynamic and nature. Parenting styles within families vary depending on circumstance and principal. What defines parenting styles is the approach that parents take on raising their children and the psychological and social effects it has on their child’s development. These parenting techniques influence the child’s lifestyle and beliefs throughout their life and have lasting effects on the child’s adulthood. In the research article Child self-esteem and different parenting styles of mother’s: cross-sectional study discusses that “Parenting style refers to the practices adopted by parents during their children’s growth and socialization stages and how the children are controlled.” Developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind
A parent’s parenting styles are as diverse as the world we live in today. Nowadays, parents only want what is best for their children and their parenting styles plays a crucial role in the development of children which will in the long run, not only effect the child’s childhood years, but later prolong into their adult life as well.
Authoritative style remains high in all four domains. Authoritative parents’ use of appropriate discipline such as using time-out or mild punishment ensures their children’s independence along with children’s compliance with parental demands. Compare to children with any other parenting styles, children raised by authoritative parents have higher self-esteem, self confidence, and better grades in elementary school, high school, and college. They are also less likely to abuse alcohol or tobacco as adolescents. In general, children of the authoritative parenting style show more altruistic
Therefore, finding the most efficient and accurate way of doing so is worthy of discussion. Though Aunola and Nurmi claim that children are incapable of effectively measuring their parent’s tendencies and behaviors, a study done by Judith Smetana says otherwise. In “Parenting Styles and Conceptions of Parental Authority during Adolescence,” Smetana compares and contrasts the ways in which adolescents and their parents view their parenting styles. Smetana notes that “...little research has compared parents’ and adolescents’ perceptions of parenting styles.” In making this comment, Smetana implies that her study will help explain differences in their perceptions. Understanding these differences will allow researchers to better analyze studies that use different methods in attaining their data (parent reports or adolescent reports). Because the results of this study showed that adolescents often times viewed their parents as either more authoritarian or permissive, these viewpoints may directly affect the study done by Aunola and Nurmi as their claims are based on the reports of parenting styles done by parents alone. If they were to also gather the perceptions of the children involved in the study, they might be able to have a more well-rounded understanding of how different parenting styles relate to problem behaviors, or they could reduce the discrepancies among different
In the authoritarian style of parenting, children have to follow strict rules established for them by their parents. Failure to follow these rules will result in punishment. The parents do not explain the reasoning behind the rules. They have high expectations of their children, usually do not respond to them, and will withdrawal love from children. Some parents may engage in psychological control of their children. They will put down the child’s friends, decisions, schooling, and ideas. According to Baumrind, these parents "are obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation" (Baumrind, 1991). Children of these parents are most likely to be obedient and proficient, but they are, also, anxious, unhappy, hostile, aggressive, and have low self-esteem (Santrock, 2012).
The authoritarian style of parenting is control focused and militaristic in approach. This parent has high expectations and demands strict obedience. They often rule by fear and punishment. Dr. Gwen Dewar states, “… Little nurturing, lots of psychological control” (Dewar). On Consistant-parenting-advice.com the author communicates this type of parenting can result in abusive discipline that can be emotional and physical; however this writer is also including verbal abuse to the list.
This style of parenting is best described as the child having more control over the parent. There are a lot of parents today that seem to have no control of their child actions and even words. This in which can make the parents question what are they doing wrong when it comes to raising their child. This type of parent have very low demands and are highly responsive, maybe even too responsive to the child’s needs. Although these parents are very loving of their children they do not have many rules that their child should abide by (Cherry, K. 2017, para.1). Not setting ground rules gives the child the freedom to do whatever they want and know that they will not receive a harsh, if any punishment at all. Also, parents who are permissive tend to want to be their child’s best friend. The child in this parent in child relationship tends to have more control than the parent. If there are not any rules in place to be followed the child will eventually resort to negative behaviors, and may even be insure because of the low discipline from their parents (Cherry, K. 2017, para. 9). Permissive parents should give the child rules to follow and discipline them if broken, to ensure that their child follow the right path throughout
Parenting styles have been widely defined by Baumrind into three categories, authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. Parenting styles can be defined as a pattern of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. These styles are categorized based on the level of nurturance, parental control and level of responsiveness (Dwairy, 2004). Authoritative style exhibits high levels of demand, responsiveness and nurturance; authoritarian style exhibits high levels of demand but low levels of responsiveness, permissive style exhibits low levels of demand but high in responsiveness and nurturance (Dwairy, 2004). These parenting styles have been proposed to have a significant impact on a child’s development as well as academic achievement and psychological well-being. Children reared by authoritative parents are stated to have the highest levels of academic achievement, self-esteem, emotional adjustment and well-being according to Baumrind’s category of styles (Dwairy, 2004). However, these three categories are based on Western samples and have been said to describe parenting styles mainly in the West and question its limitations in describing parenting across cultures, as each style’s defining patterns may have different meanings across cultures.
Would you have come out different if your parents used a different parenting style? If you are considered “cool” now could you have come out a nerd if your parents would have used a different parenting style? “Parenting style is one of the primary determinants of your child’s outcome whether he succeeds, achieves, meets the challenges, flounders, gives up, or runs from or fails in handling life.” (6) The purpose of this paper is to describe the outcomes, processes, labor, and techniques of parenting in a psychological point of view. Parenting styles are defined as the “manner in which parents express their beliefs on how to be a good or bad parent.” (4) Each parenting style has its weaknesses and strengths. All parents incorporate love and limit in their style of parenting. There are four different types of parenting styles: authoritarian, permissive, democratic, and uninvolved parents.
With over three hundred million Americans and over six billion people worldwide parenting skills are essential to maintain a healthy society. Parenting involves many aspects and requires many skills. It is a time to nurture, instruct, and correct to develop fundamental skills children will need to be mature, responsible, and contributing adults to a society. There are four commonly identified parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Of the four parenting styles, two remain on opposite ends of the parenting spectrum. These two styles; authoritarian, and permissive both have deleterious results that are often visible throughout different developmental stages, such as rebellious behavior. As well each style has its own advantages such as; acceptance by peers with commonality. Child rearing for most parents is an evolving set of skills. It could be said that, with any style of parenting, there is no explicit set of rules for every situation, and what works for one child may not be effective for another.
Authoritarian-parents who are punitive and focus on gaining a child's obedience to parental demands rather than responding to the demands of the child.Authoritarian parenting styles give little to no options to a child. What the parent says goes. It is a rigid approach to raising children that may have been most effective in times of great famine or toil. It was used most commonly in large, traditional families in which the father was the patriarch, and everyone else was called to follow his command. Times have changed greatly since. Doctors see a problem with this approach in modern times,it creates a distance between parent and child in which the child doubts the parent's love for him. It is based on punishment, which can easily create anger.
Each different parenting style each comes with pros and cons. In regards to parenting, there is never a wrong or right answer because every child and circumstances are different when it comes to the importance of the positive and negative effects. But each style comes with its effects on children. A few pros about Authoritarian parents are that their...
Diana Baurmind and Alfred Adler have similar categories of parenting styles. Authoritative parenting can be compared to democratic and encouraging. Both of these styles offer love and security of the child. They express the parent is in control, but the parent also respect their child with explaining parental actions in a positive way. Permissive parenting can be compared to over-submissive parenting style. The child is rude, and demanding. The parent usually accepts the child’s behavior. In my opinion, the parent does not want to upset the child, or bother with correcting the behavior, so they will give in by rewarding the child in order to correct the child’s behavior. Authoritarian parenting can be compared to over-coercive parenting. These parents are very strict with children. My father can be compared to this parenting style. There was no reasoning, no communication, and his actions were final. This kind of parenting reminds me of being in the military. Finally, uninvolved parenting can be compared to neglecting parenting. I almost wanted to compare uninvolved to rejecting, but I cannot necessarily say the parent has denied acceptance. The parent is selfish, and does not even provide the bare minimum for their child’s necessities. I can compare this type of parenting from a 16 year old mother from the show Teen Mom’s. Jenelle had her son Andrew at a very young age. After his birth, she was distance and cared more about partying. Her
Research has indirectly suggested that different forms of bullying are connected and that perpetration and victimization are related. First, it was found that victims and perpetrators of traditional bullying tend to adopt the same role online (Dehue, Bolman, and Völlink, 2008). Family characteristics are also important because many behaviors engaged in by children are learned through their interactions with parents and siblings. Victims of bullying, in both sexes, have been reported as coming from families that are too “enmeshed” for the good of the children; that is, families may be too self-contained, limiting the opportunities for family members to interact with others and develop the social skills necessary for establishing and maintaining good relations with their peers (Bowers, Smith, & Binney, 1992). It has been suggested that highly permissive parenting can also lead to bullying behavior.