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Quizlet protein synthesis ap bio
Quizlet protein synthesis ap bio
Protein synthesis
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The topic i am going to be writing about today is how does a cell know friend from foe.
This relates back to what we have learned in bio as i am going to explain very soon. The 3 most important facts about how cell know friend from foe. First, allorecognition, Second amoeba cells and third tgr protein system. These are the 3 most important facts about how cells tell each other apart and know what to attack and what not to.
First, Allorecognition is a very research active subject. Allorecognition is immune cells using a system called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to know which cells belong to the body and which are foreign. Brain cell,skin cells and nearly all our other cell in our body have (MHC) proteins on their outer surfaces.
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When amoeba cells have a good amount of food they work as unicellular organisms when they are low on food they combine with their close relatives. Amebas use two sets of proteins to TgrB1 and TgrC 1 these protein are there so other cells can recognize cells from the same strain. So basically these proteins allow the cells to aggregate and combine and lock TgrB1 proteins to TgrC 1 proteins. Shaulsky think that when these proteins combine they make a cascade of signals that tell the cell whether or not to get together with a close relative to it own proteins. This all relates to biology and what we learned about but we are just going more in depth about what a cell does and what amebas do and how they would interact with each other and know whats friend from foe. They use proteins which in biology we have learned about but this is more in depth about how the cells can truly use proteins to help it self in determining what cells ar friend from foe. So it says how important proteins are in you system to keep everything running
The building of the grocery store is like the cell membrane, because it gives it structure and keeps everything inside safe. The security guard of the front door in the grocery store is like the cell membrane, because it says what can come in and out of the cell. The boss of the store is like the nucleus, because they tell the employes what to do and what needs to be done. The floors of the grocery store is like the cytoplasm, because it hold everything in it place, where it need to be. The illes in the store is
The body is composed of cells, which form the basic unit of life. Unique cells found in the body are the stem cells. These cells are biological cells that are not specialized for particular functioning in organisms. They can be distinguished since they have the ability to differentiate or divide into multiple body cells, and their ability to replicate self. They are unique in the way they can renew themselves by undergoing cell division when inactive for a long period. It is also possible to induce stem cells to organs or tissue cells under some conditions. When the cells divide, they replenish the cells in a living organism. They serve as an internal system that repairs and replaces the tissues that are worn out.1 Dividing cells may remain as stem cells or become specialized in their functions, for instance red blood cells, brain or muscle cells.
The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher by Lewis Thomas consists of short, insightful essays that offer the reader a different perspective on the world and on ourselves.
to construct and or maintain the cell membrane. In a microscopic view of the cell membrane we can
Although the theory was ridiculed by a number of mainstream biologists, it now serves as a plausible and acceptable theory and explanation to the evolution of Eukaryotes. The theory states that the ancestors of eukaryotic cells were "symbiotic consortiums" of their prokaryotic cells, with at least one and possibly more species involved these were later known as endosymbionts. To put this into light, a reasonable example could be this: oxygen breathing bacteria invaded an anaerobic amoeba like bacteria and each then performed mutually benefiting functions. They would both end up helping each other greatly; the bacteria would breathe for the anaerobic amoeba like bacteria and the amoeba like bacteria would navigate through oxygen-rich waters in search of food.
N fowleri has three stages of their cycle. In the amoeboid trophozoite stage, they are infectious and measure 10-35 µm long. The trophozoite transforms to a non-feeding flagellate when food sources are limited. Flagellates are motile and measure 10-20 µm in length. The amoeba or flagellate will form a cyst, the dormant stage, if the environment is too cold and not conducive to continued feeding and growth. When the organism is in the cyst stage, it has a single layered wall and only one nucleus. The cyst measures 7-1...
Naegleria fowleri is a single-celled, protozoan pathogen found in fresh bodies of water and soil around the world (Skurie; Byrd 8). It thrives in the layer of sediment at the bottom of lakes and ponds. (Skurie). When living in soil, the N. fowleri, along with other protozoa microbes, clings to plant roots searching for bacteria (Byrd 261). This pathogen is a free-living pathogen classified as an amphizoic amoeba therefore it survives in a free state throughout soil and fresh water while having the ability to be a pathogen (Marciano-Cabral, “Immune”). It primarily seeks bacteria due to an inability to create food (Byrd 27); however, N. fowleri will attack a host if given the opportunity. In addition, it has been proven pathogens of the brain are often able to control the actions of their host to better suit the pathogen’s needs. An example may be to cause the host to have a high body temperature, wanting to stay warmer, or sleeping more often (Byrd 225). This microbe is typically found in the form of trophozoite, cyst, o...
This is made possible by the use of enzymes. Enzymes essentially work within the cells and their ability determined as a result of their specificity brought about by the shapes from the amino acid sequences (Daniel and Danson 2740).
My favorite type of cell is the Merkel cell, also known as the “touch cell”. Merkel cells are found in the outer layer of the skin, or the epidermis. Named after Friedrich Merkel, the German anatomist discovered these cells in the late nineteenth century while studying rats, which have large quantities of Merkel cells in their paws (“What is a Merkel Cell?”). Not much is known for certain about these cells to this day, but one thing is for sure: they function as touch receptors by signaling sensations such as pressure to the brain. While Merkel cells are distributed throughout the entire human body, they are more numerous in places where the sensation of touch is more prominent, like the fingers and face (“What is a Merkel Cell?”).
8. Becker W. M, Hardin J, Kleinsmith L.J an Bertoni G (2010) Becker’s World of the Cell, 8th edition, San Francisco, Pearson Education Inc- Accessed 23/11/2013.
Seattle Education Project. (2013, November). STEP: The Immune System - An Overview, [Online]. Available: http://www.thebody.com/step/immune.html [11/12/14].
"The general idea is an old one, that any two cells or systems of cells that are repeatedly active at the same time will tend to become 'associated', so that activity in one facilita...
When a cell in our body has become infected or has become cancerous it’s surface changes. This is how the immune system can tell good cells from bad ones (the markings on the surface.) Once a bad cell has been recognized our bodies sends cells to destroy the damaged cell and prevent the spread of whatever caused the damage in the first place. The next step our body takes is to have the affected cells start to produce interferons and other helpful substances. These help to fight off unwanted organisms, and also to warn other cells of the invaders and prepare them to resist them therefore preventing the spread of disease.
The Cell, the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa, others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multicellular organisms. In another words, without cells we wouldn’t be able to live or function correctly. There are Animal Cells and Plant Cells. In Biology class the other day we studied the Animal Cell. We were split into groups of our own and we each picked a different animal cell slide to observe. My group chose the slide,'; Smeared Frog Blood ';.
The experiment given by Aronson and Cope tested the attractiveness and punishments given by a person based on their relationship with another person. Forty male and forty female were randomly assigned to get a harsh experimenter and pleasant experimenter, harsh experimenter and harsh supervisor, pleasant experimenter and pleasant supervisor, or pleasant experimenter and harsh supervisor. The people who participated in the experiment thought they were participating in a study on creativity. The college students had to write a creative story on each picture that they were shown. The graduate student, who was the experimenter, always had a negative reaction to their stories but was either considerate about letting them know or was really harsh and rude about informing the students about their not creative stories. Then the experimenter would put his foot on the on the vent in the room and that would signal the supervisor to come interrupt the session to let the experimenter know if they had done a good job or bad job on the research that he had been conducting. This research is ba...