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The importance of DNA in the human cell
Importance of DNA essay
What is dna and its importance essay
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Looking at the past brings the species on earth closer together. As scientists look back into the evolution of the human species they see the countless number of similarities between them and the rest of the living creatures. Evolution is considered the most accepted and explainable theory about the organisms living on this earth at this time. As time progressives, new discoveries will bring humanity even closer. All living things are united by DNA. Small changes within the DNA create the vast variety that we see in the living creatures on earth. Each difference in humans makes the characteristics different and lead to different ways of thinking and new discoveries. DNA function in genes to create proteins that each have a specific and different purpose. These proteins carry out the vast different functions that keep a body functioning properly. Proteins …show more content…
A-sexual reproduction is where the plant or other organism does not need a partner to reproduce and instead makes an exact copy of itself.
Sexual reproduction is where sets of DNA from the two parents come together and are passed down to the child. Each child that the couple has may be different due to the different combinations of DNA that are passed down. This passing down of DNA explains why children are more closely related to their immediate family then to their grandparents even though they do have similarities. This genetic Variation helps species survive and evolve to changes in the environment. Genetic differences are also created through small errors or mutations within the DNA of a person. The cell is able to correct this error the majority of the time but when they do not, this mutation can influence the offspring. This process is very common and can have a positive impact, negative impact or the most common have no impact on the individual. Without this mutation there would not be quite as much variation, and the evolution process would be
In summary, I have discussed how the sperm and egg reproduce to create new individuals. I have also described the challenges with the sperm trying to reach the egg to reproduce and how the egg only chooses the most optimal sperm for reproduction. Also, discussed how the protein affects reproduction and that they change over time since they are involved in reproduction. There is future research to gain more information on why there is sometimes reproductive failure. This new research will help a great deal in understanding why an egg and sperm cannot reproduce.
11.2) Asexual reproduction involves a single individual / parent who pass duplicates of all its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes. Sexual reproduction involves two parents who give rise to offspring that have unique combination of genes inherited from the two parents.
DNA is the genetic material found in cells of all living organisms. Human beings contain approximately one trillion cells (Aronson 9). DNA is a long strand in the shape of a double helix made up of small building blocks (Riley). The repeat segments are cut out of the DNA strand by a restrictive enzyme that acts like scissors and the resulting fragments are sorted out by electrophoresis (Saferstein 391).
DNA is the blueprint of life from its creation to its development and until its death. The discovery of the structure of DNA not only revolutionized science and medicine, but it also affected many other facets of existence: evolutionary, industrial, legal, and criminal justice. Its incarnation has benefitted American families and industries and spurred scientific innovation throughout the country. Aptly stated by Francis Crick, “your joys and your sorrows, your memories and your ambitions, your sense of identity and freewill, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules. As Lewis Carroll’s Alice might have phrased it: ‘you’re nothing but a pack of neurons.’ [Watson and my] discovery illustrates how that is possible.”
The essential component of life can be acknowledged and is made up of a nucleic acid known as DNA. DNA is the abbreviated form for the word deoxyribonucleic acid and it is the “carrier of genetic information” (McMurry, Ballantine, Hoeger, & Peterson, 1992, pg. 775). DNA contains the genetic instructions that are needed for an organism to develop, survive, and replicate, as it plays a crucial role in living systems that makes each species unique and distinctive. The multifaceted material is stored in every cell of every living organisms and it contains information about our nature, appearance, performance, etc. With the instructions that it contains, DNA is passed from the adult organism to their offspring during reproduction. (McMurry, Ballantine, Hoeger, & Peterson, 1992, pg.777).
Sexual reproduction is that the union of male and feminine gametes to create a fertilised egg or zygote. The ensuing offspring inherit one-half their traits from every parent. Consequently, they 're not genetically similar to either parent or siblings, except within the case of identical twins. As theorised by Mendel, adults are diploid, meaning as 2N, having 2 alleles offered to code for one attribute. The gametes should be haploid, signified by N, containing just one allele in order that once 2 haploid gametes mix, they manufacture a traditional diploid individual. The method where haploid sex cells are created from diploid parents is known as meiosis, and it happens solely within the reproductive organs.
... have been doing a phenomenal job of figuring this out. DNA is the chemical in each cell that carries our genes. DNA is the source of just about everything. It not only determines what we look like, but also many other things. Instructions are on some of our genes to let them know when they need to multiply and divide. Cancers can be caused by DNA defects.
Along with genetic mutations, there is also genetic diseases. Genetic diseases are an abnormality in the DNA. One of the most known and common genetic disease is “Chromosome 21” or formally known as Down syndrome. It is where a child is born with three sets of the Chromosome 21 instead of being born with only two. How it happens is when a part of a chromosome 21 becomes attached to another one during the stage of reproduction. You are able to tell if a person has Down syndrome or not. Most of the physical features are obvious. By looking at a person’s face you are able to tell, because
Fecundity is the potential reproductive capacity for a species to produce offspring in a lifetime. The growth rate of a species depends on several factors such as, how often each individual reproduces, at what age individuals start to reproduce and the number of offspring usually produced at each reproductive event.
It comes as no surprise that our bodies are made to reproduce and that the urge to procreate is a fundamental part of life. Reproduction is what allows us to create generation after generation. It is incredible to think we all start as one single vulnerable cell and then we all blossom into one hundred trillion cells with no person being completely identical to another. It seems nearly impossible to have that many variations. With that
... If it is a beneficial mutation, then it will likely not only pass on through reproduction, but those offspring will have better odds of reproducing in order to “spread” that trait onto future offspring. This is the process of natural selection. If there are enough changes, or the change is drastic enough, a new species can evolve. So, evolution comes about as a result of changes to DNA, and some of those changes to DNA can come from external factors such as environment, climate, and culture.
Mutation happens when the DNA gene gets changed, moves, or is damaged. When this happens it causes the genetic message to be carried by that gene to be different. This process can occur in somatic cells. The somatic cells are all the cells that are a living organism except the reproductive cells, meaning the body. For example, the skin cells on your legs are and will not be passed on to ones offsprings. In addition those leg cells will not effect the evolution. Another occurrence is called gametic mutations, which is in a woman's eggs and or in a man's sperm. These are cells that are and can be passed on to ones offsprings, and they are the essentials for the evolution. There are three effects mutation causes to a species. Species can only takes on one of the three. The three effects are bad, neutral, and good. Having a bad mutation can cause one to have a harder time being able to survive. Having a neutral mutation will not change or help one to survive. Having a good mutation will help one to survive and have a better chance of survival. However, mutation is random in the evolution, and provides raw material for natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow...
Simply put, DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce. The discovery and use of DNA has seen many changes and made great progress over many years. James Watson was a pioneer molecular biologist who is credited, along with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, with discovering the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. The three won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1962 for their work (Bagley, 2013). Scientists use the term “double helix” to describe DNA’s winding, two-stranded chemical structure.
Another mechanism is a hereditable type of evolution is mutations. Mutations are alterations to a gene. Mutation can be harmful, beneficial or neutral. Mutations are the origin of the source of genetic diversity (9).Mutation that are harmful, hinders the chances of the organism chances of survival and are likely to die along with the mutations. Beneficial mutations increase the chances of the individual to survive in its environment, and they will be more likely to reproduce and pass on the gene to future generations (9).
Biological evolution is the name for the changes in gene frequency in a population of a species from generation to generation. Evolution offers explanation to why species genetically change over years and the diversity of life on Earth. Although it is generally accepted by the scientific community, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been studied and debated for several decades. In 1859, Darwin published On The Origin of Species, which introduced the idea of evolutionary thought which he supported with evidence of one type of evolutionary mechanism, natural selection. Some of the main mechanisms of evolution are natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift. The idea that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor has been around for a long time but has risen to significance in society over the last two centuries.