Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Caring for those with mental illness
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Dissociative Identity Disorder in the Secret Window Secret Window, released in 2004, is a film based on Stephen King's novel Secret Window, Secret Garden. The film follows increasingly disturbing events around a character called Mort Rainey, who is portrayed by Johnny Depp & John Turturro. This character appears to suffer from Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). Rainey is a middle-aged novelist recently estranged from his wife; as a result, he has isolated himself at his cottage. As the story progresses, it becomes clear that Rainey has another personality called Shooter, and Rainey himself comes to the realisation that Shooter is an identity that he has created to protect himself from the pain of his marital breakdown. Shooter takes over Rainey’s mind one last time to murder his wife and the man she cheated with. After his vengeance is carried out, Rainey seems at ease and jovial, and as the film ends, Rainey seems to be in a positive emotional state. This is an ambiguous ending that leaves the viewer unsure of Rainey’s mental health status. DID is a complex condition. It is difficult to diagnose, and it is associated with a great deal of debate and misunderstanding, both within the public realm and within the scientific community; C.M. Traub says that DID is one of the most “controversial diagnoses” (Traub, 2009). This paper will examine the diagnosis, prognosis, origins, and therapies and possible treatments for DID. In addition, DID’s controversial nature is investigated. Diagnosis According to Barlow, Durand & Stewart (2012), Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is one of several dissociative disorders in which a person experiences involve detachment or depersonalization. They go on to explain that people with DID ha... ... middle of paper ... ...dison, N. (2014, March 14). What is the Difference Between Schizophrenia and Multiple Personality Disorder? Retrieved from Wisegeek.com: http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-difference-between-schizophrenia-and-multiple-personality-disorder.htm Spiegel, D., Loewenstein, R. J., Lewis-Fernández, R., Sar, V., Simeon, D., Vermetten, E., & ... Dell, P. F. (2011). Dissociative disorders in DSM-5. Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269), 28(9), 824-852. doi:10.1002/da.20874 Tracy, N. (2010, September 30). Everything You Know About Dissociative Identity Disorder Is Wrong. Retrieved from http://natashatracy.com/: http://natashatracy.com/mental-illness/did/everything-about-dissociative-identity-disorder-wrong Traub, C. M. (2009). Defending a diagnostic pariah: validating the categorisation of Dissociative Identity Disorder. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(3), 347-356.
The DSM-5 lists approximately 400 mental disorders, each one explains the criteria for diagnosing the disorder and key clinical features, and sometimes describes features that are often times not related to the disorder. The classification is further explained by the background information such as: research findings, age, culture, gender trends, and each disorder’s prevalence, risk, course, complications, predisposing factors, and family patterns (Comer, 2013, pp.100).... ... middle of paper ... ...
Frances, A., & Ross, R. (1996). DSM-IV case studies a clinical guide to differential diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
Some examples of treatment include talk therapy or psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, and adjunctive therapies such as art or movement therapy. There are no medication treatments for DID, limiting the treatment to various forms of psychological therapy. If there are any other disorders the patient has such as depression or anxiety, it is important that the patient is being treated for the other disorders as well as DID. If other disorders are not being treated, then psychological therapy for DID may not be as effective or not effective at all. There has been recent Neuroscience Research on Dissociative Identity Disorder that focuses on attention and memory.
McAllsiter M, Michael. Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Literature Review. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, #7, pgs 28-33.
This form of amnesia is when an individual has no recollection of memories, tasks, or personal information between different identities they obtain. This is now required by DSM-IV for proper diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder (Kong, Allen & Glisky, 2008). Many researchers have found that one of the specific characteristics of inter-identity amnesia is evidence of memory transfer across identities on unconscious tasks such as word-fragment completion, sequence learning, and masked-word recognition. On the contrary, they have also found that patients exhibit inter-identity amnesia on explicit memory tasks such as story recall (Kong, Allen & Glisky, 2008). This is consistent across all forms of amnesia making it a very accurate and critical way to diagnose DID. Inter-identity amnesia gave specificity in diagnosing the disease and allowed less room for a miss-diagnosis. This leads one to believe that Dissociative Identity disorder is not only a myth but also a tragic reality to many
Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment & Management. (n.d.). Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment & Management. Retrieved November 11, 2013, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916186-treatment
Dissociative identity disorder, a condition that has plagued and altered the minds of those who were diagnosed for many years, represents the condition in which an individual displays multiple personalities that overpower his or her behavior around others and even alone. Such personalities or identities can have staggering differences between them even being characterized by a disparate gender, race, or age. One of the sides of them can even be animal-like and display feral qualities. Also, the disorder severs the connection between the victim’s sense of identity, emotions, actions, and even memories from their own consciousness. The cause for this is known to be a very traumatic experience that the person had gone through previously and fails to cope with it, thus they dissociate themselves from the memory in order to keep their mental state in one piece. All these results from the disorder do not begin to tell of the rest of the horrors that gnaw away at the affected human.
Mental disorders have baffled physicians, psychiatrists and the general public since the beginning of time. One particular disorder called Dissociative Identity Disorder, also known as Multiple Personality Disorder, has caused controversy between those who believe it is real and those who think it is purely part of an individual’s imagination. For those who believe strongly in its existence, it poses very real consequences and hardships. Dissociative Identity Disorder has many causes, symptoms, and treatments; unfortunately, those who don’t take it seriously use it as a scapegoat for others undiagnosed problems.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been used for decades as a guidebook for the diagnosis of mental disorders in clinical settings. As disorders and diagnoses evolve, new versions of the manual are published. This tends to happen every 10 years or so with the first manual (DSM-I) having been published in 1952. For the purpose of this discussion, we will look at the DSM-IV, which was published originally in 1994, and the latest version, DSM-5, that was published in May of 2013. Each version of the DSM contains “three major components: the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets, and the descriptive text” (American Psychiatric Association, 2012). Within the diagnostic classification you will find a list of disorders and codes which professionals in the health care field use when a diagnosis is made. The diagnostic criteria will list symptoms of disorders and inform practitioners how long a patient should display those symptoms in order to meet the criteria for diagnosis of a disorder. Lastly, the descriptive text will describe disorders in detail, including topics such as “Prevalence” and “Differential Diagnosis” (APA, 2012). The recent update of the DSM from version IV-TR to 5 has been controversial for many reasons. Some of these reasons include the overall structure of the DSM to the removal of certain disorders from the manual.
Nemeroff, C. B., Weinberger, D., Rutter, M., MacMillan, H. L., Bryant, R. A., Wessely, S., ...Lysaker, P. (2013). DSM-5: a collection of psychiatrist views on the changes, controversies, and future directions. BMC Medicine, 11, 202.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
My topic of choice for this research paper is Dissociative Identity Disorder or DID. This appellation is rather new; therefore, most are more familiar with the disorder's older, less technical name: Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD. When first presented with the task of selecting a topic on which to center this paper, I immediately dismissed Dissociative Identity Disorder (which for the sake of brevity will be referred to as DID for the remainder of this paper) as a viable topic due to the sheer scope of the disorder. However after an exhaustive examination of other prospective topics, I found myself back at my original choice. There are several reasons why I chose DID. The foremost of which is the widespread fascination of this disorder by many different types of people; most of whom otherwise have no interest in psychology or its associated fields. One would be hard pressed to find someone who hasn’t been captivated at one time or another by the extraordinary, all too well known symptoms of this disorder. This fascination… dare I say ‘allure’ to this disorder is exemplified by the myriad of motion pictures that have been produced based on cases, real or fictitious, of DID. Another reason for my choice is what I feel is the insufficiency of effective treatments for DID. Despite what is known about this disorder, (which is relatively a lot) there are only two chief treatments for DID; the first and most prevalent is psychotherapy; also known as ”talk therapy”, the second is medication. The third and final reason for my choice is my own enchantment with DID. I must admit that ever since I read about Sue Tinker, a woman who was diagnosed with over 200 different personalities. In writing this paper I hope to discover more about this disorder and perhaps be able to identify a few areas that I feel might require more research on the part of psychologists specializing in DID.
Grohol, J. (n.d.). What’s the Difference Between Bipolar Disorder and Depression?. Psych Central. Psych Central.com. Web. 7 December 2014.
Grohol, J. M. (n.d.). Psych Central: Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment. Psych Central - Trusted mental health, depression, bipolar, ADHD and psychology information. Retrieved May 24, 2011, from http://psychcentral.com/disorders/sx18t.htm
Do you ever feel like you just can’t take reality anymore? You just want to escape it and in order to do so, your conscious awareness becomes separated from all the painful things you can’t stand, including your painful memories. Then suddenly you’re a totally different person. Another identity takes your place in suffering all the painful things you want to escape. Today, I’m going to talk to you about dissociative identity disorder (DID). I will be talking about what DID is, what causes DID and how it affects the individual (host/core). I will also mention a famous case in psychology.