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Marx’s conflict perspective on social classes
Conflict theory framework
Marx’s conflict perspective on social classes
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The One Percent is a documentary directed and produced by Jamie Johnson, heir to the Johnson & Johnson fortune. The One Percent - as the title implies - focuses on income disparity between the rich and poor in the United States. In this documentary, he proves that tiny percentage of Americans who control nearly half the wealth of the United States. "I'm a lucky guy ... we're part of a small number of American families that own most of the country's wealth. But, having so much in the hands of so few can't be good for America." Jamie Johnson says in his film, The one percent. His documentary apparently attempts to demonstrate the viewer the disparity of wealth between the poor and the richest 1% of America and the ramifications it has on society. The message from this documentary can be explained using Karl Marx’s Conflict Theory. Conflict theory states that tensions and conflicts arise when resources, status, and power are unevenly distributed between groups in society and that these conflicts become the engine for social change. The theory is focused on the conflict between two primary classes. The bourgeoisie represents the members of society who hold the …show more content…
Johnson captures his story through personal interviews with Robert Reich, Adnan Khashoggi, Bill Gates Sr., and Steve Forbes, during which both Johnson's and his subjects' knowledge and humor shine. Moreover, he is not afraid to discuss with Milton Friedman, the Nobel Prize winner economist who coined the term "the trickledown effect." He also shows how the other half lives, using real-world examples of the wealth gap: he takes a tour of a dilapidated housing project in Chicago, ride around with an enlightened taxi driver, and sees the human toll of the unfair economics of the Florida sugar industry. Johnson's film is at its most powerful when it reveals how the super-rich work to preserve their own monetary
Nobel Prize winner, professor, author and economist, Joseph E. Stiglitz, wrote “Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1%.” Joseph E. Stiglitz served during the Clinton administration as chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers and is former senior vice president and chief economist of the World Bank. Throughout his piece Stiglitz argues how America’s economy is not likely to succeed in the future. Stiglitz creates a strong and credible argument throughout his piece by using the appeals of ethos, pathos and logos.
Time and time again we hear politicians and office holders preach the need for a powerful middle-class. You may then be surprised to hear that “about 82% of America’s net worth belongs to the top 20%, the next 80% of people only own about 18% of America’s wealth” (UCSC). Some may argue that this disproportion is the beauty of capitalism, the chance to create an empire. I argue that the proportions are simply unfair. Why is it that “ the average CEO makes 350X as much as his/her employee” (UCSC)?
The bourgeoisie are particularly important because not only did they modernized society but industrialized it as well. They took revered occupations and turned them into paid wage-labor, for example being a physician or poet. Marx’s view on the bourgeoisie is that they emerged after numerous revolutions involving modes of production as well as exchange. They create the world according to their image, which strips society
Sklar, Holly. “The Growing Gulf Between the Rich and the Rest of Us”. They Say I Say. Gerald Graff, Cathy Birkenstein, Russel Durst. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2009. Print.
Coined by Marx, the bourgeois are “the exploiting and ruling class…”, and the proletariats are “the exploited and oppressed class” (Marx, 207). These two classes are separated because of the machine we call capitalism. Capitalism arises from private property, specialization of labor, wage labor, and inevitably causes competition. “The need of a constantly expanding market for its products (…) chases the bourgeois over the whole surface of the globe” (Marx, 212) and creates a world that cannot exist without the separation of workers and owners and competition for the lowest price. The struggle between the
The bourgeoisie rule the material forces of society, they have access to material production and control the means of mental production. “The ruling ideas are nothing more than the ideal expression of the dominant material relationships, the dominant material relationships grasped as ideas;...” (p.173). Being in control of production allows the bourgeoisie’s the power to construct ideas and have the proletarians follow them. This means generation after generation continue to follow these ideas and keeps individuals in the social class they belong according to the bourgeoisie 's. This historical method humans followed allowed division of labor to
Inside of this video, this guy really targets an issue nobody has really been presented. He shows charts that talk about how we Americans think our wealth is distributed. We think distribution is doing alright. Americans think that the bottom 40% is getting a bit of money. They also believe that the middle class is doing reasonably well. Unfortunately, that is not the case. In the video, he breaks it down a little bit getter. He shows a graph that shows how money is actually being distributed. The poorest of poor don 't even register on the poverty line. The middle class is barely making it. And then there is this huge difference between "the rich" and the poor. It is proven that the 1% of America has 40% of the entire nation 's wealth ("Wealth Inequality in America."). The bottom 80% of America only share 7% of the nation 's wealth among themselves. The top 1% has 50% of the stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. The bottom 50% of Americans only own 0.5% ("Wealth Inequality in America."). The poor is not just getting by but they are scraping and fighting to get by. Now that it is clear that there is a lot of poor people in America, it is important to figure out how to fix
The conflict theory established by Karl Marx, suggested that a society is in a place of continuous conflict due to the competition of limited shared resources among members of its community members. It entails that social peace and order is achieved by domination and power, instead of the public agreement and group solidarity. According to the conflict perspective, individuals with wealth and power try to hold on to it, simply by oppressing the poor and vulnerable Homelessness can be understood through the conflict theory (Champion, 2010). This simply holds that capitalism and greed can be seen as some of the causes of homelessness. Families who lack social, economic and human capital will face problems securing and maintaining housing and
While the bottom 80% is making no more than $118,000 a year, which is the 80th percentile, and have a median annual income of $48,000. The 1% makes up of around 750,000 of the 150 million families in the United States. Therefor the one percent ends up taking of 25% of all income generated by the United States economy. That is an increase of three times since the Ronald Reagan Era when the one percent only received 8% of the total income in 1979. The last time the one percent owned this much of the income total was in 1928, which was right around the time of the great
As the modern societies developed, the division of labor created a separation of powers. According to Marx, there is a division into the upper class and the lower class. The upper class, or dominate class maintains and expresses the ideals of the dominant ruling class. While the lower class, or working members are passive within society. By creating this power differential, ownership is possessed by the ruling class. However, when conflict arises, the revolutionary class which represents the majority of society will overthrow the ruling class at that time, thus taking their place and presenting their own dominate ideals. So in short there is an upper class and lower class, until the lower class realizes the ongoing conflict between classes causing a revolution and this continues on throughout history.
Paul Krugman 's New York Times article “We Are the 99.9 Percent” and George Packer 's Foreign Affairs article “The Broken Contract” both share similar points of view. Krugman 's article discusses the large wealth gap between America 's middle class and super rich and how we need to raise taxes on the country 's richest to close the gap. Packer 's article explains how the United States reached a point of such a wide wealth gap, how political power imbalance came into play, and subtly states ways we can fix the issue.
In his article, Now That’s Rich, Paul Krugman discusses the state of the wealthy in America. He provides a critical account of the work ethic of the 1 percent, asserting that many of the country’s wealthy do not work in proportion to the money they have. He states, “The goal of [promoting the rise in college graduates] is to soften the picture, to make it seem as if we’re talking about ordinary white-collar professionals who get ahead through education and hard work. But many Americans are well-educated and work hard…Yet they don’t get the big bucks.” This claim illustrates a disparity in the economic system: hard work does not equate financial success. Krugman expands on this by explaining that wealth acquired by this group of people was only achieved because money they inherited. “These days a lot of top money managers’ income comes not from investing other people’s money but from returns on their own accumulated wealth—that is, the reason they make so much is the fact that they’re already very rich.” Krugman demonstrates a cyclical pattern of accumulated wealth, leaving no room for individuals of lower means to reach this status. Moreover, the advantage of the rich leads to a society that is “dominated by wealth,” and increases the gap between the rich and every one else. Krugman ultimately points out the hypocrisy of the rich’s resistance to increased taxes and asks his readers to think critically about how the rich arrived where they are.
Karl Marx, a German philosopher, saw this inequality growing between what he called "the bourgeoisie" and "the proletariat" classes. The bourgeoisie was the middle/upper class which was growing in due to the industrial revolution, and the proletariats were the working class, the poor. These two classes set themselves apart by many different factors. Marx saw five big problems that set the proletariat and the bourgeoisie aside from each other. These five problems were: The dominance of the bourgeoisie over the proletariat, the ownership of private property, the set-up of the family, the level of education, and their influence in government. Marx, in The Communist Manifesto, exposes these five factors which the bourgeoisie had against the communist, and deals with each one fairly. As for the proletariat class, Marx proposes a different economic system where inequality between social classes would not exist.
(The idea that everyone has equal opportunity in America as long as they work hard). American economist Joseph Stiglitz wrote an article titled “Of the 1%, By the 1%, For the 1%” that points out some harrowing statistics. He declares that the youth unemployment in America is at a shocking twenty percent. He also pronounces that one out of every six American desiring a full-time job is not able to get one. On top of that, one out of every seven American is currently on food stamps. Stiglitz powerfully professes that “Those who have contributed great positive innovations to our society, from the pioneers of genetic understanding, to the pioneers of the Information age, have received a pittance compared with those responsible for the financial innovations that brought our global economy to the brink of ruin” (Stiglitz). This backs up everything the film represents referring to the inequality in America and the unfairness of the gap between the wealthy and the middle class. The middle classes’ income has fallen while the top one percent’s income has remarkably risen. The worst part is that this is not the result of hard work but only the result of a corrupt economical
Conflict theory is a theory derived from the works of Karl Marx. It enhances the role of cruelty and power in producing social order. It is the control theory that believes inequality exists because those in control of an unequal share of society’s resources actively defend their advantages. This is social control. Determining that one social class or group is more privileged then another. Control theory generally consists of four points, conflict built into society, one group becomes dominant, agreement is false, and conflict in society is desirable. Control theory suggests that each class is unequal. Lower social classes are considered to have less skill. The theory has the belief that people with high skill level will receive a higher return and people with lower skill level will get less.