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Enlightenment in voltaire's candide
Critiques of candide by Voltaire
Enlightenment in voltaire's candide
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The residents of Lisbon are understandable shaken after the earthquake, but act irrationally and rash. They believed in order to end the earthquake they must sacrifice three people. When Candide, the sailor & Pangloss arrive in Lisbon, the earthquake has just occurred, the city is in complete ruins and thirty thousands of people are dead. Again Voltaire mocks Pangloss philosophy of "all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds”. However, there is also a part where the resident whom, have lost everything, still help feed Candide and Lisbon. I think the fact the residents whom lost everything, are willing to share the little they have. This gives hope to the human race. The issue came when the resident felt that by roasting several
people over the fire it would stop the earthquake from happening again. The manner in which they choose the 3 people to sacrifice, they choose people in their opinion where living in sin. Two of the people chosen based off the fact they didn’t eat pork, No, physically sacrificing someone is not ideally a Christian reaction, however, I saw similarities in what communion represents to the Christian church. In the Christian church, the communion represents the body of Jesus Christ, who died and sacrificed for our sins, the masses and this was the same thought process behind the 3 people after the earthquake. They believed they must sacrifice of a few people, for the betterment of the masses. Unfortunately, this sacrifice didn’t help, another earthquake hit minutes later.
He states, “A crowd in panic has no sense or conscience” (Esposito 71). This communicates the sheer horror and hopelessness of the trapped victims. The experiences of the witnesses compounds this image, making the book vivid and persuading the audience to consider the far-reaching nature of the tragedy. How prepared are we for disasters in the contemporary world? I could only shudder in fear as I visualized Esposito’s fear of ill-informed crowds. Esposito persuades me to embrace the concept of educating the masses to remain calm under storm to reduce the number of
It compelled me to think about how things could have been. What if the viceroy had fully succeeded? What if he had never tried to change Lima’s political, social, or architectural structure? And how might that have affected such a cultural epicenter of that time period? He gives the audience an opportunity to nearly relive the event, but also experience a part of the event aside from the natural disasters that were just as effective to the people of Lima, their future, and the future of their city.
In chapter 5 of Candide, the Enlightenment and the birth of tolerance were on full display. In Candide, the Enlightenment thinkers’ view of the optimum world is challenged through the shipwreck and the satiric explanations of the Lisbon Bay and Lisbon Earthquake. Voltaire continues to use ironically tragic events to test Pangloss’s optimistic philosophy, which attempts to explain evil. The use of grotesque and naive behavior between individuals in this chapter makes the reader question Pangloss’s irrational thinking with the cause and effects of the events.
Voltaire asks where God is throughout Candide. Whenever an awful thing happens, one must ask oneself why, if God is merciful and benevolent, this would happen, or why these religious people would allow this. Voltaire uses these “awful things” as evidence of corruption within the church. After an earthquake in Lisbon, Candide and Pangloss are subjected to flogging and hanging, respectively. The two are treated like so in order to appease
cold he is met by two men who trick him into service in the Bulgarian army.
In support of these statements, let's examine Voltaire's accurate description of human selfishness. An example would be the behavior of the sailor who Pangloss and Candide met on their voyage to Lisbon. This sailor was rescued from drowning by Jacques the Anabaptist. Yet when Jacques fell into the sea himself, the sailor refused to risk his own life to save him. As a result of this selfishness, Jacques died. Later on, when the sailor reached shore, he ignored the sufferings of people horribly injured by a recent earthquake. Instead the sailor took money from them in order to get drunk and hire a prostitute. This sailor was wholly self-centered and uncaring about anyone else and by not helping anybody out he in effect inflicted misery on them. When the terrorists destroyed the World Trade Centers, and many police and firemen were killed, many people received money for relatives that did not die, and used the money for gambling, booze and whores. Human nature in this regard has not changed since the book was written. This being so, Voltaire's description of how human selfishness can often turn life on earth into a hell is accurate.
"All is for the best...in the best of all possible worlds." To picture greatness, perfection and brilliance all intertwined into one splendid world -- a utopia, infers visualizing absolute beauty, harmony, and a universal tolerance amongst mankind. Would not such "perfection" designate the "best of all possible worlds?" How could we possibly conceive the sinister world portrayed in Candide to be conveyed as "utopia?" Since the best of all possible worlds indicates that "all is for the best" is it not safe to derive at the conclusion that since our world is clearly not "perfect" it is therefore implied that "all" is not for the best? Who determines the "right" from the "wrong," the "beautiful" from the "hideous," the "strong" from the weak?" How does one know if they are right? How does one ever know if they chose "correctly?" How does one allow themself to be infatuated with an idea as to blindly (correctly or incorrectly) follow it and believe? When do you question yourself? Doubt and "double-guess" yourself? Such correlating topics of an ambiguous solution are sought to be explained in Candide.
A great philosopher Liebnitz once said that this is the best possible of all worlds. Voltaire disagrees. In Voltaire's Candide, the impartial narrator travels to distant lands and experiences a range of extremes. After having spent a great deal of time away from his homeland, and having seen more than most people see in a lifetime, the narrator is forced to conclude that this may not be the best possible world because of the reality of evil. Voltaire relates this point very effectively through his mastery of language and the choices he makes, both gramatically and content-related.
Candide is a reflection of the philosophical values of the Enlightenment. Voltaire’s novel is a satire of the Old Regime ideologies in which he critiques the political, social, and religious ideals of his time.
Voltaire’s Candide is a humorous work depicting the misadventures of a German man who has fallen from pseudo-nobility and is forced to roam the world in search for his love and his identity. In his adventures, he encounters massive fits of violence, both inflicted by himself onto others, and by those around him. This huge amount of violent behavior brings about startling questions about morality and justice in Voltaire’s time. It becomes apparent that Candide, among other things, is a satire which focuses on justice. Sigmund Freud, the noted psychologist, came up with the idea three states of consciousness: the id, which is the instinctive quality of humans; the ego, which is human rationale; and the superego, which is a person’s morality, or conscience. The characters and actions of Candide can easily be classified into these three states of consciousness to determine much of what Voltaire satirized in his work.
Candide, written by Voltaire and published in 1759, is based in the Age of the Enlightenment. Candide is a satiric tale of a virtuous man's search for the truest form of happiness and his ultimate acceptance of life's disappointments. The illegitimate son of the Baron's sister; Candide is raised in the Castle of Westphalia and taught by his friend and philosopher of metaphysico-theologo-cosmolo-nigology, Dr.Pangloss. Candide is abruptly cast out from the castle when he and Lady Cunegonde are found indiscreetly kissing behind a screen. Broken hearted and emotionally lost by the separation from Lady Cunegonde, his true love; Candide wanders off. After being tricked into servitude with the Bulgar army, Candide discovers that his one and only love Lady Cunegonde is dead and his friend Dr. Pangloss is deathly sick; Candide then decides that all is not lost and that a cure must be found for Pangloss. Tragedy, adventure and a series of horrible events follow Candide as he is forced to overcome misfortune to find true happiness; in the end he determines that all is not well and that he must work in order to find even a small amount of pleasure in life.
Voltaire includes this in to show that instead of waiting for something good to happen, the human race should rise up. To continue as Pangloss questions what to do once Candide’s adventure ends the dervish responses by saying “‘Is it any business of yours? ’…When his Highness the Sultan sends a ship to Egypt, does he worry whether the mice on board are comfortable or not?’” (92.) The dervish is saying that God just placed humans on earth, and that he does not care whether they are they are comfortable or not. This is an example of human nature as it is an instant to find a comfortable life. At the end of the book Candide ends with the most famous quote of the book “‘but we must cultivate our own
Often, Dr. Pangloss is involved in these tales. Dr. Pangloss is faced with the infection of syphilis, which does not seem to be of great desire for most people. Remaining optimistic, he says “it was a thing unavoidable, a necessary ingredient in the best of worlds” (Voltaire, 8). The satire is seen very clearly here; Voltaire mocks the idea that contracting a life threatening disease was just in God’s plan and essential to Pangloss’ best life. This is absurd, Voltaire is trying to convey that not everything that happens necessarily happens for a good reason. Candide and Pangloss also experience a shipwreck and an earthquake in Lisbon together, both of which have no benefit to anyone at play. In other words, no greater good is accomplished by the causal effects of natural disasters. Voltaire scrutinizes the absurdity in assuming detrimental events such as these are necessary for the best
In Candide, organized religion is used in order to show the folly of optimism. Throughout the text, the many religions that Candide encounters believe that God is benevolent and that events happen for a reason. However, Candide witnesses only the worst throughout his journey. It is religious persecution that leads Candide to his epiphany and questioning of the truth regarding Pangloss’s philosophy of optimism, “If this is the best of all possible worlds, what can the rest be like?” (37). He continues by recalling all the terrible misfortunes that have already occurred: such as him being flogged, his dear Pangloss being hanged, humorously described as “the greatest of philosopher”, the Anabaptist, “the best of men” being ironically drowned in sight of land and lastly Lady Cunegonde, “disemboweled” (37).
His stern belief is shown time and time again when he continually uses the philosophy to explain many of the unfortunate events throughout the book. First, we see when Pangloss is on the ship with Candide in the lisbon harbor and Jacques who helped the sailor is thrown overboard and left to die, Pangloss states that the harbor itself was created specifically so that Jacques can drown. Candide accepts this doctrine and the story continues to progress. Candide accepting Pangloss’ reasoning shows that he has now strengthened his already rooted belief in philosophical optimism, which seems to increase throughout the book. Before the Lisbon incident however, when Candide is first reunited with Pangloss after being exiled from Thunder-Ten-Tronckh, he finds that Pangloss has contracted syphilis from one of his affairs in the Westphalia castle. Nonetheless, he reassures Candide that contracting syphilis was inevitable, furthermore that it was needed even in the best of worlds. Withal, Candide accepts Pangloss’ reasoning and proceeds with his journey after surviving the of course justifiable tsunami. Therefore, since Candide holds true to his belief in philosophical optimism throughout the book, it should be expected that his final line wouldn’t represent anything less than an optimistic final outlook on the