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Aristotle on the rule of law
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Recommended: Aristotle on the rule of law
ABSTRACT: It is interesting to see Aristotle's observation of natural law in order to renew the ideal of law against the Marxist theory of society, to renounce the normative theory of the nation, and to study the liberal theory of information. All this allows us to expect the realization of social justice and human rights from the institutionalization of markets (agora) and the precondition of the boundary of the general culture (paideia), namely the communitarian ethics and the moral reformation against the genealogist tradition. We find in the tradition inaugurated by Aristotle the function of ethical discussion about the common good, thus imbricating the differences stratified by the economic evolution in the polis.
La représentation simplificatrice de la philosophie moderne comme historicisme, qui retire au droit le rôle des normes, devrait susciter chez les nouveaux défenseurs des droits de l'homme une sympathie à l'égard des critiques les plus radicaux. Non pas que l'historique doive juger selon les critères du droit, mais c'est l'histoire elle-même qui devient "le tribunal du monde", et le droit lui-même doit être pensé à partir de son insertion dans l'historicité. La théorie marxiste de la société renonce à formuler une théorie normative de l'Etat. La critique marxienne des droits de l'homme s'inscrit dans le projet d'instaurer une domination totale de l'Etat sur la société. Dans l'organisation des systèmes totalitaires existants, on peut trouver, sur le plan pratique, la preuve que les productions de la subjectivité moderne, loin d'être émancipatrices, tendent à asservir l'homme et à détruire sa dignité. Pour rénover l'idée de droit, le retour aux classiques, notamment le retour à la conception aristotélicienne du droit (témoin l'oeuvre de L.Strauss), apparaît le moins contestable.
Par la considération du juste naturel qui est un principe de la loi et du meilleur (juste) régime, Aristote prend pour norme l'ordre cosmique qui, en tant qu'indépendant du sujet, constitue une dimension de l'objectivité. Contre le "droit subjectif", le droit naturel antique propose le modèle d'un "droit objectif", qui se laisse bien plutôt observer et découvrir dans la nature. L'observation de la nature rend possible la détermination de ce qui est juste et bon. L'Ethique à Nicomaque enseigne que si la forme du gouvernement (ou le régime) varie selon les lieux et les époques - cependant il n'y a qu'une seule forme de gouvernement qui soit à chaque fois la meilleure selon la nature - le droit naturel concerne ce qu'il y a de meilleur et par référence à quoi on peut contester une organisation éventuellement pire de l'Etat.
Giffords, E., Alonso, C., & Bell, R. (2007). A Transitional Living Program for Homeless Adolescents: A Case Study. Child & Youth Care Forum, 36(4), 141-151. doi:10.1007/s10566-007-9036-0.
The Nicomachean Ethics, written by Aristotle, represents his most important contribution within the field of Ethics; it is a collection of ten books, covering a variety of interesting topics, throughout the collection. Aristotle tries to draw a general understanding of the human good, exploring the causes of human actions, trying to identify the most common ultimate purpose of human actions. Indeed, Aristotelian’s ethics, also investigates through the psychological and the spiritual realms of human beings. Without pretending to exhaust with too many references, it would be rather useful to focus on the most criticized part of the philosopher’s attempt, which is also the very starting point of his masterpiece, identified as eudaimonia (happiness, well being) and ergon (function), in Aristotelian terms.
Homeless Youth: Characteristics, Contributing Factors, and Service Options. Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment, 20(2), 193-217. doi:10.1080/10911350903269831
ABSTRACT: This paper traces the development of the idea of Paideia as 'freedom as a truth' in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance to the idea of Paideia as 'truth as a freedom' that characterizes the present and is directed toward the future. It comments on the ideas of Schelling and Heidegger which have contributed toward this transformation.
The youth homelessness population is increasing because of the many challenges that these children or teens face in everyday life; It also continues getting larger every year because of the many youth who are getting into dangerous situations that force them to be homeless or thru their own choosing. One third of the homeless population is between the ages of 16-24, which is incredibly young and it is the prime years for an adolescent or young adu...
Each of the four classical theorists Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Simmel had different theories of the relationship between society and the individual. It is the objective of this paper to critically evaluate the sociological approaches of each theory to come to a better understanding of how each theorist perceived such a relationship and what it means for the nature of social reality.
Many parents do not want to get their children vaccinated because they are harmful to children, but vaccinations are not as harmful as they think. Parents should have to have their children vaccinated because there are less diseases now since the use of vaccinations, other people that can’t get vaccinated won’t contract any infectious diseases and there are less problems caused from being vaccinated than non-vaccinated. Vaccinations have proven to be useful time and time
While the writings of Karl Marx and Jean-Jacque Rousseau occasionally seem at odds with one another both philosophers needs to be read as an extension of each other to completely understand what human freedom is. The fundamental difference between the two philosophers lies within the way which they determine why humans are not free creatures in modern society but once were. Rousseau draws on the genealogical as well as the societal aspects of human nature that, in its development, has stripped humankind of its intrinsic freedom. Conversely, Marx posits that humankind is doomed to subjugation in modern society due to economic factors (i.e. capitalism) that, in turn, affect human beings in a multitude of other ways that, ultimately, negates freedom. How each philosopher interprets this manifestation of servitude in civil society reveals the intrinsic problems of liberty in civil society. Marx and Rousseau come to a similar conclusion on what is to be done to undo the fetters that society has brought upon humankind but their methods differ when deciding how the shackles should be broken. To understand how these two men’s views vary and fit together it must first be established what they mean by “freedom”.
With the worsening state of the economy there has been a steady rise in the rates of homelessness for all ages. The causes amongst youth homelessness include financial instability, abusive guardians, conflict between the youth and their guardians in dealings with sexual activity or pregnancy. This leads to a greater need for government assistance, welfare, charity. It includes those same youths growing up to experience higher rates of divorce and mental illness. They will have a greater chance of ending up in prison, in poverty, or even plagued by addiction.
...ealth screenings and appropriate referrals should be given priority. Quality educational programs, with extra tutoring should be made available to homeless children and parent outreach is essential. Recreational and afterschool care are need for homeless children to have a safe and caring environment to stay when parents must work. It is the goal to help client’s cope with and overcome issues related to childhood homelessness and how to prevent at risk clients from becoming homeless
Max Weber introduced the sociological concept of the iron cage; this concept signifies the increased rationalization in the social life especially in Western capitalist societies. The ‘iron cage’ is this idea of an individual feeling trapped, controlled, and dehumanized by the systems that control us (Lecture Notes). The iron cage is the set of rules and laws that all were subjected and must adhere to. Bureaucracy puts us in an iron cage, which limits individual human freedom and potential, instead of setting us free. It is the way of the institution, where we do not have a choice anymore.
The subject matter of the “Republic” is the nature of justice and its relation to human existence. Book I of the “republic” contains a critical examination of the nature and virtue of justice. Socrates engages in a dialectic with Thrasymachus, Polemarchus, and Cephalus, a method which leads to the asking and answering of questions which directs to a logical refutation and thus leading to a convincing argument of the true nature of justice. And that is the main function of Book I, to clear the ground of mistaken or inadequate accounts of justice in order to make room for the new theory. Socrates attempts to show that certain beliefs and attitudes of justice and its nature are inadequate or inconsistent, and present a way in which those views about justice are to be overcome.
Every since the start of time there has been controversial arguments, debates and ideas about how we can live a life of freedom under a civil law, thus the social contract was constructed to live a life of security and tranquility. The following essay will discuss Beccaria’s arguments on torture and promptness in punishment in the work frame of The Enlightenment values. First by stating that judicial torture is not humane, fair nor useful, then how promptness of punishment does and does not go against The Enlightenment values because of necessity. And finally concluding Beccaria’s position still being quite relevant today.
In his treaty On Law, Thomas Aquinas defends the position that “the law is always something directed to the common good”. Laws are thus directed toward a comm...
Law is the foundation of central structures of social life on which society’s integrity depends, which is why Petrazycki, Ehrlich and Habermas perceive it to be a key steering mechanism in society,